MEDIA DAN ISLAM Oleh Dr Zuly Qodir, M Ag || MATA KULIAH AGAMA ISLAM UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

Kuliah Agama Islam UI
18 Nov 202118:52

Summary

TLDRThe speaker discusses the portrayal of Islam in mainstream foreign media, highlighting how it is often negatively constructed, particularly in relation to immigrants from the Middle East and Africa. They emphasize the importance of understanding media's role in shaping public perception and the impact of this on the global image of Islam. The talk also touches on the politicization of religion in media, suggesting that it can lead to extremism and violence. The speaker calls for critical engagement with media, advocating for an alternative approach that promotes peace and justice, rather than fear and division.

Takeaways

  • ๐ŸŒ The speaker discusses the portrayal of Islam in mainstream media outside of Indonesia, particularly in Europe and America.
  • ๐Ÿ“ฐ The media often constructs a negative image of Islam, associating it with extremism and terrorism.
  • ๐Ÿ‘ฅ The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding the post-truth era, where truth is subjective and can be manipulated by non-experts.
  • ๐Ÿšซ The speaker warns against the negative stereotypes created by media, which can lead to discrimination and fear of Islam.
  • ๐ŸŒ The speaker highlights the impact of media on shaping global perceptions of Islam and the need for a more balanced representation.
  • ๐Ÿ“ˆ The speaker points out that media can use religion for political mobilization, which can lead to polarization and conflict.
  • ๐Ÿ›๏ธ The speaker discusses the role of religion in politics and how it can be used to fuel extremism and violence.
  • ๐Ÿ“ข The speaker calls for a critical approach to media consumption, urging the audience to question and verify the information they receive.
  • ๐Ÿ” The speaker suggests the need for alternative media movements to provide a more accurate and diverse representation of Islam.
  • ๐Ÿค The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of unity and understanding among different religious groups to counteract negative media portrayals.

Q & A

  • What is the main topic discussed in the script?

    -The main topic discussed in the script is the portrayal and construction of Islam by mainstream media, particularly in Europe and America, and how it affects the global perception of Islam, especially in Indonesia.

  • What is the term 'post-truth era' mentioned in the script, and how does it relate to media representation?

    -The 'post-truth era' refers to a time in which truth is subjective and often unclear, leading to the rise of non-experts shaping narratives. In relation to media representation, it suggests that media outlets may present information without proper expertise, thus influencing public perception inaccurately.

  • How does the script describe the current media's portrayal of Islam?

    -The script describes the media's portrayal of Islam as negative and often associated with extremism and terrorism. It suggests that media outlets in Europe and America construct an image of Islam that is far from the truth, influenced by the actions of a minority of individuals who commit crimes or engage in violence.

  • What role does the script suggest immigration plays in the media's portrayal of Islam?

    -The script suggests that the media often focuses on the negative actions of immigrants from the Middle East or Africa who have committed crimes or engaged in illegal activities in Europe, leading to a distorted image of Islam and its followers.

  • What is the significance of the term 'Islam in media' as discussed in the script?

    -The term 'Islam in media' signifies how the religion is represented and imagined by mainstream media outlets. The script argues that this portrayal is often biased and contributes to a negative global perception of Islam.

  • What advice does the script offer to Muslim individuals who are abroad?

    -The script advises Muslim individuals abroad to behave well and not to engage in illegal activities that could tarnish the image of Islam, as their actions can be misinterpreted and used to reinforce negative stereotypes.

  • How does the script connect the portrayal of Islam in media to politics?

    -The script connects the portrayal of Islam in media to politics by suggesting that media often portrays Muslims as extremists or terrorists, which can influence political discourse and lead to policies that discriminate against or marginalize Muslim communities.

  • What is the script's stance on the use of religion in politics?

    -The script is critical of using religion in politics, arguing that it can lead to extremism, violence, and the erosion of the humanistic aspects of religion, turning it into a tool for power and mobilization rather than a force for justice and humanity.

  • What does the script suggest as a solution to the negative portrayal of Islam in media?

    -The script suggests a critical approach to media consumption, encouraging individuals to verify information and support alternative media that presents a more accurate and balanced view of Islam and its followers.

  • How does the script view the role of media in society?

    -The script views media as a powerful force that can shape public opinion and influence societal views on religion and politics. It emphasizes the need for responsible media practices and the importance of media literacy among the public.

Outlines

00:00

๐ŸŒ Media's Role in Shaping Perceptions of Islam

The speaker begins by addressing the audience in Indonesian, expressing happiness to be part of a cross-Indonesia learning process for a course on Islamic religious education. The main topic is the portrayal of Islam by mainstream foreign media. The speaker emphasizes the post-truth era, where truth is everywhere and yet unclear, leading to the rise of non-experts claiming authority. They discuss how mainstream media in Europe and America often portrays Islam negatively, associating it with immigrants' negative behaviors such as crime and violence. The speaker urges students to behave well abroad to counter these negative stereotypes and highlights the importance of understanding media's power to shape perceptions.

05:01

๐Ÿ“ฐ Stereotyping Islam through Media and Extremism

This paragraph delves into how the media in places like Europe and America often identifies Islam with extremism and terrorism, not always accurately. It mentions that this skewed representation can lead to a general dislike of Islam among people who are not familiar with the true practices of Muslims. The speaker warns about the consequences of such media portrayals and advises students to avoid illegal activities and actions that could be identified as dangerous when abroad, to prevent further damage to the image of Islam. The discussion also touches on how media can depict Muslims as enemies and how this affects interfaith relations and the perception of Islam in political and social contexts.

10:01

๐Ÿ”ฎ The Political Manipulation of Religion by Media

The speaker discusses the dual power of religion: its personal aspect and its potential for resistance. They note how media can influence religious sentiment and how religion is being used in politics, particularly in Indonesia, which they find dangerous. The paragraph highlights how religion is being mobilized for political purposes, leading to divisions and conflicts between different religious groups. The speaker calls for a return to religion's role as a force for liberation and justice, rather than as a tool for political manipulation. They stress the importance of understanding media's portrayal of religious power and the need to counteract the commercial interests of media that often prioritize ratings over accurate representation.

15:03

๐ŸŒ Navigating the Impact of Media on Religion and Society

In the final paragraph, the speaker emphasizes the importance of critically engaging with social media and the media's portrayal of religion. They argue against accepting media narratives at face value and suggest the need for alternative media movements to provide a more balanced view. The speaker encourages students to verify information and work together to build a more peaceful society. They conclude by advocating for a collective effort to challenge media stereotypes and to promote understanding and harmony among different religious groups, both within Indonesia and internationally.

Mindmap

Keywords

๐Ÿ’กMedia Construction

Media construction refers to how media outlets shape and present information to the public. In the context of the video, it is used to discuss how mainstream media outside of Indonesia, particularly in Europe and America, construct and portray Islam. The video suggests that this portrayal often involves negative stereotypes and misconceptions, which can lead to a distorted public perception of Islam.

๐Ÿ’กPost-Truth Era

The term 'post-truth era' is used to describe a time in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief. The video mentions this era to highlight the difficulty in discerning truth in media, especially regarding the representation of Islam, where the truth about the religion and its followers is often obscured by sensationalism and bias.

๐Ÿ’กIslamophobia

Islamophobia is defined as the fear, prejudice, or discrimination against Islam or Muslims. The video script implies that media constructions of Islam contribute to Islamophobia by associating the religion with extremism and terrorism. This portrayal can lead to negative stereotypes and discrimination against Muslims in various societies.

๐Ÿ’กImmigration

Immigration is a key concept in the video, as it discusses how the actions of certain Muslim immigrants in European countries are used by media to construct a negative image of Islam. The video points out that the media often focuses on criminal activities or law violations by immigrants, which then influences the public's perception of Islam as a whole.

๐Ÿ’กMedia and Politics

The relationship between media and politics is a central theme in the video. It discusses how media can be used as a tool in politics, particularly in the context of Indonesia, where religion is often politicized. The video suggests that media can manipulate public opinion by portraying certain religious groups in a negative light, which can lead to social division and conflict.

๐Ÿ’กReligious Extremism

Religious extremism is a concept discussed in the video in relation to how media portrays Islam. The video argues that media often links Islam with extremism and terrorism, which is not an accurate representation of the religion. This misrepresentation can lead to fear and intolerance towards Muslims and can also be used by politicians for their own agendas.

๐Ÿ’กMedia Literacy

Media literacy is the ability to critically evaluate and understand media messages. The video emphasizes the importance of media literacy in the context of understanding how media portrays Islam. It suggests that a more critical approach to media consumption can help viewers discern the truth and challenge stereotypes and misinformation.

๐Ÿ’กCultural Representation

Cultural representation refers to how different cultures and their practices are depicted in media. The video discusses the misrepresentation of Islamic culture in mainstream media, which often focuses on the negative aspects and ignores the diversity and positive contributions of Muslims around the world.

๐Ÿ’กMedia Bias

Media bias is the tendency of media outlets to present information in a way that favors a particular perspective. In the video, it is argued that mainstream media often exhibits bias against Islam, which contributes to the spread of misinformation and negative stereotypes.

๐Ÿ’กAlternative Media

Alternative media refers to media outlets or sources that provide a different perspective from mainstream media. The video encourages the development of alternative media to counteract the negative portrayals of Islam in mainstream media and to provide a more balanced and accurate representation of the religion and its followers.

๐Ÿ’กDemocratization of Media

Democratization of media refers to the process of making media more accessible and participatory to a wider range of people. The video suggests that democratizing media could help in providing a more diverse and accurate representation of Islam, as it would allow for more voices and perspectives to be heard.

Highlights

The speaker discusses the portrayal of Islam in mainstream foreign media, particularly in Europe and America.

The era of 'post-truth' is characterized by the ambiguity and ubiquity of truth, leading to the rise of non-experts shaping narratives.

Media often constructs a negative image of Islam by focusing on the actions of certain immigrants from the Middle East and Africa.

The speaker emphasizes the importance of Muslims abroad behaving well to counter negative stereotypes.

Media sometimes depicts Muslims as extremists and terrorists, which is not always accurate but has a significant impact on public perception.

The speaker warns against the politicization of religion, which can lead to extremism and violence.

Religion is sometimes portrayed as inherently political, which can lead to conservative and violent interpretations.

The speaker mentions that religion can be a powerful force for resistance against oppression and colonialism.

The media's representation of religion can be influenced by political agendas, leading to biased and harmful portrayals.

The speaker calls for a critical approach to media consumption, urging the audience to verify information and not to be swayed by one-sided narratives.

Media can be used as a tool for political mobilization, which can be dangerous if it leads to polarization and conflict.

The speaker suggests that media should focus on promoting justice and humanity rather than sensationalism and conflict.

The importance of alternative media is highlighted to provide a balanced view and counter mainstream narratives.

The speaker concludes by emphasizing the need for a more thoughtful and critical engagement with media, especially regarding religion.

Transcripts

play00:00

di Indonesia

play00:01

[Musik]

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Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

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wabarakatuh Selamat pagi

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saudara-saudara semua mahasiswa yang

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saya hormati

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betul saya berbahagia sekali bisa ikut

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terlibat dalam

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proses belajar-mengajar

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diperoleh lintas Indonesia untuk mata

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kuliah mkdu

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yaitu Pendidikan Agama Islam kali ini

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saya ingin menyampaikan topik tentang

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media dan Islam

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Hai secara khusus topeng ini saya akan

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berbagi terkait dengan sebetulnya

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Bagaimana sih media-media mainstream di

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luar negeri

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mengkonstruksikan atau mengimajinasikan

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tentang Islam terutama yang ada di

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Indonesia dan kemudian Islam yang ada di

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dunia

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Hai teman-teman mahasiswa yang saya

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hormati sebetulnya

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Hai undang media di era sekarang orang

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mengatakan ra post-truth adalah era

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dimana

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kebenaran itu ada dimana-mana dan makin

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tidak jelas ya karena itu menurut saya

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penting diketahui

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Pertama

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eh ra postur rapper segitu orang

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mengidentifikasikan kira dimana

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Hai kebenaran gitu bisa

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didapatkan atau

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diperoleh atau

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dipesantrenkan oleh mereka orang yang

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sebetulnya tidak ahli

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jadi inilah era dimana kematian para

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ahli muncul dan termasuk kematian para

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ahli media dan juga al-islam sehingga

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orang yang tidak kali pun kemudian

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mengemukakan

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sesuatu yang sebetulnya harus dimiliki

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oleh para

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Hai bagaimana

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mengedit ya media di luar negeri yang

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mainstream kayak gitu deh Eropa dan

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Amerika

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mengimajinasikan atau mengkonstruksikan

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ternyata apabila kita baca di dalam

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literatur yang

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Hai sekarang ada

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Hai Islam itu One Piece media mainstream

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yang ada di Eropa dan Amerika

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itu bagaikan

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Oh ya bagaikan handuk atau pakaian

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monster yang mengerikan

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itu dari mana

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karena merupakan Ahmad dan bak mati dia

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menulis satu artikel tentang immagine

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imajinasi imajinasi Islam in media itu

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menganggap bahwa islam itu betul-betul

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sangat negatif

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Hai Islam itu betul-betul sesuatu yang

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yo yah tidak bisa diharapkan juga bumi

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kok bisa begitu ya karena ternyata

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apa yang dipotret oleh media-media di

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Eropa dan Amerika oleh media mainstream

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gitu ya itu adalah perilaku-perilaku

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tindakan-tindakan orang imigran yang

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datang dari beberapa negara

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di Timur Tengah ataupun di Afrika kepada

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Hai negara yang ada di Eropa three

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Jerman Inggris Perancis itu karena

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termasuk Kanada dan juga ke Andhika dan

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mereka berpindah atau berbuat yang

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melanggar hukum misalnya mencuri

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Mereka kemudian tidak memperpanjang

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bisa

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kemudian mereka melakukan perkelahian

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itulah yang membuat

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bahwa imajinasi atau gambaran orang

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Islam itu jadi jelek sekali itu karena

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itu penting sekali kalau anda nanti

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pergi ke luar negeri harus berbuat apa

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yang baik jangan seperti orang-orang

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yang imigran yang mutlak kulit kita

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angkat ke Amerika Eropa lalu mencuri

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lalu kejar-kejaran di sana pakai mobil

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sembarangan tidak ke atraksi klip-klip

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berkelahi lalu tidak memperpanjang Visa

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itu membuat citra Islam terjelek pada

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Slamet jelek satu yang kedua

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ah ah juga

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Hai mencitrakan web orang-orang yang ada

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di sana melalui media bahwa orang Islam

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itu telah orang-orang yang identik

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dengan tindakan ekstrim

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tapi

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serta tindakan teroris pengeboman

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Hai kemudian pengembangan segala macem

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tentu ini tidak selalu benar tetapi Ya

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namanya juga

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Hai mencitrakan imajinasi media terhadap

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orang Islam itu dibenci terapkan orang

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Islam itu begitu sebagai ekstremis

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sebagai teroris bagi orang-orang yang

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bercinta praktik adalah mesti William

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jeruk karena itu sekali lagi pabila

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nanti kawan-kawan berdiri luar negeri

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Tolong betul-betul jangan

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melanggar hukum jangan sampai melakukan

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tindakan-tindakan yang itu

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diidentifikasi sebagai tindakan-tindakan

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yang

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berbahaya dan kasihan agama Islam kita

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anut itu atau Islam yang dianut oleh

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banyak orang

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Hai kemudian yang Jangan pula dilupakan

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Hai media-media di Eropa yang mainstream

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yang saya baca menurut artikel yang

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ditulis oleh pakai

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Hai

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bom Garden dan eh Man Setapak saling dia

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bilang bahwa

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Hai umat Islam itu dicitrakan sebagai

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musuh

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Hai busuk orang-orang yang beragama lain

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bukan mengerikan sekali sensitif mungkin

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di kelasnya ada orang yang tidak

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beragama Islam

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yang normal sekali jadi Citra jadi

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pencitraan yang oleh media mainstream

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yang

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kepada berlaku orang Islam yang ada di

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Amerika dan Eropa yang datang dari

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sebagian Timur Tengah ataupun dari er

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dari Afrika yang berpindah pelanggan

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sehingga citranya sangat

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tetapi

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ternyata itu Yahudi dan Kristen

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Hai itu adalah disebut sebagai musuh

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utama siswa mengerjakan jadi karena

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begitu yang membuat kita semakin kalang

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kabut

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menetralisir

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sekarang kita lihat tapi kalau Citra di

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media

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dunia politik imajinasi media tanam

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dunia politik dan agama ternyata

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Hai diimajinasikan bahwa agama di dalam

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politik ia itu

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merupakan bibit-bibit munculnya percepat

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bisa

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jadi media itu mengejek mengimajinasikan

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agama dalam bidang politik itu ya

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politik yang sekarang carut-marut

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seperti Indonesia karena itu

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membuat bibit konservatisme agama itu

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memunculkan ekstrimisme dan penuh dengan

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kekerasan

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Hai jadi itu yang membuat kita itu

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menjadi semakin terpuruk dalam

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memunculkan Islam yang rahmatan lil

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alamin Islam yang baik semua orang lalu

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jangan lupa pula

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Hai sebagian dari para ahli menempatkan

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orang Islam orang Kristen ya cuma suka

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orang Yahudi itu adalah orang-orang yang

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melawan terhadap kemampuan karena di

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konservatisme itu ada juga orang Kristen

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dalam Yahudi Bahkan dalam Hindu dan

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Budha tak sehingga mereka menganggap

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bahwa agama ini sebenarnya menempatkan

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perlawanan terhadap politik melakukan

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perlawanan terhadap negara dan kasus di

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Indonesia penutupnya pernah lihat

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ketika Pak Sartono kartodirdjo membuat

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riset untuk disertasinya bahwa

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perlawanan petani-petani yang lebih

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Banten itu digerakkan oleh para

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tokoh-tokoh jam untuk melawan benda

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jagung

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Hai dan mudah ini sampai sekarang masih

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ada Jadi semangat keagamaan bisa

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dijadikan semangat untuk melawan beradab

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Hai penjajahan atau melawan terhadap

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rezim tertentu atau melawan tetap koloni

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tertentu baik koloni ekonomi ataupun

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volume jadi memang ada bibitnya seperti

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menurut pakar

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Hai kekasih perlawanan petani banget nah

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sehingga ya pada akhirnya orang beragama

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pun kalau diberi kekuatan kekuatan

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spiritual gitu Mau melawan memang dan

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semangat yang paling memudahkan untuk

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perawatan beda agama selain dari etnis

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ada seorang anggota mamanya

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hai eh

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Hai Peterpan sini agamanya Ben Anderson

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tinggal bahwa

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Hai rekaman itu memiliki dua kekuatan

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yang luar biasa yaitu kekuatan personal

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penuh dekat kepada orang tapi sekaligus

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kekuatan untuk melakukan perlawanan

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karena dia itu bukan hanya kekuatan

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ibadah itu tentang media sekarang kita

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lihat yang lain bagaimana dalam hal

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keagamaan misalnya Wah sekarang ini

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Eh kalau kita melihat tentang kekuatan

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keagamaan maka sedang terjadi politik

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yang menggunakan agama di Indonesia yang

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berbahaya sekali politik menggunakan

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agama-agama itu seakan-akan potretnya

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sangat bukan kalau digunakan untuk

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kepentingan politik ke mobilisasi

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politik

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sehingga kita bisa melihat orang menjadi

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anti kelompok ini menjadi anti kelompok

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itu karena

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mobilisasi oleh kekuatan-kekuatan agar

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Hai orang Kristen Cakra Khan berada pada

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pandangan orang Islam orang Islam

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berhadapan dengan orang gendut orang

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Islam berhadapan dengan sesama orang

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Islam gara-gara mau kepentingan politik

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yang berbeda begitu berbahaya sekali

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menggunakan agama untuk mobilisasi

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politik sesuatu yang sangat

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kalau itu diteruskan maka yang akan

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terjadi adalah oleh

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namanya road

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politik mobilisasi kekuatan kekuasaan

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maka agama akan bawa agama akan hancur

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dimensi kemanusiaannya dimensi pembelaan

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terhadap keadilan dimensi pembelahan

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dada begitu akan hancur karena agama

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lebih kuat pada urusan-urusan politik

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hujan mobilisasi urutan

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polarisasi dan

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Hai urusan-urusan perebutan kekuasaan

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itu membayangkan sekarang Nah oleh

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karena itu

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Hai gurun hemat saya bagaimana sekarang

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mengembalikan kekuatan agama sebagai

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kekuatan pembebasan ya agama sebagai

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kekuatan untuk menghadirkan keadilan di

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muka bumi menghadirkan kemanusiaan dan

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pembelaan terhadap mereka yang lemah ini

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pentingnya bagaimana kita memahami cara

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berpolitik yang ada di media cara

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penyampaian media terhadap

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kekuatan-kekuatan keagamaan tertentu

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Saya kira yang lain kalau kemudian

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terus-menerus terjadi agama dipolitisasi

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agama itu digunakan oleh media dan

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kejelekan maka yang terjadi apa banyak

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orang sekarang makin takut beragam orang

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ya karena ekstremis

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karena menjadi tidak mau menghargai

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agama orang lain karena agama itu

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mengkhawatirkan sekali yang kedua agama

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itu betul-betul menjadi berwajah politik

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agama menjadi penuh dengan coreng moreng

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kekuasaan yang lalu

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kalau kemudian agama dipakai untuk

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mobilisasi dan kemudian agama seperti

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monster

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itu

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bagian yang

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akhir-akhir sajak-sajaknya penting kita

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Kemukakan bahwa

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Hai kok yo bisa agama menjadi demikian

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mereka lewat media ya karena karena dia

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tetap

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mendapatkan keuntungan

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komersil media itu yakni

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banyak sehingga mereka senang kalau ada

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Britain dan Ibu

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Tia mendapatkan rating tinggi Maka

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iklannya banyak kali banyak-banyak maka

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dirinya menjadi

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dua

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media menjadi sangat politis karena kita

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lihat Indonesia media itu menjadi

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representasi

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media ini reputasi partai ini media ini

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media ini partai yang tidak punya

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itu begitu Itu

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Hai jadi meja itu betul-betul

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representasi kekuatan politik tertentu

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sehingga yang tidak punya media partai

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politik itu babak belur tidak bisa

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beriklan kalau yang punya media rupanya

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tiap hari dan ngebaca ada di Indonesia

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akrab nanti sampeyan bisa lihat sendiri

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kalau kemudian

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ia menjadi sangat cahaya media doanya

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menjadi bagian dari pilar demokrasi biar

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yang kelima meetup sekarang nggak bisa

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media itu menjadi bagian dari politisasi

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Jadi itulah yang membuat Kenapa media

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itu penting dihubungkan dengan suara gak

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makan agama sesuatu yang sangat penting

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untuk kuat kemudian agama itu sesuatu

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yang bisa membangunkan emosi sementara

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media disisi yang lain itu bisa

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mengimajinasikan agama sangat buruk dan

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kemudian media juga lebih penting ingin

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mendapatkan keuntungan daripada mendidik

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Hai terakhir saya ingin memberikan

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penutup Bahwa saat ini dibutuhkan adalah

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bagaimana kita menghadapi media sosial

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terutama kita menghadapi media dengan

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cara yang kritis

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critical Jangan hanya Kalau tempat

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brutal Muenchen pada lebih tidak jelas

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sumbernya kalau kita dapat berita

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langsung dibagikan begitu dikomplain

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kita hanya mengatakan gampang minum Maaf

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enggak sengaja

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kita

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media-media atau berita yang kedua harus

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dibuat semacam gerakan alternatif

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Bagaimana mahasiswa pemotretan ini

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melakukan penetrasi terhadap masyarakat

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banyak terhadap bersama mahasiswa sesama

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doyan juga karena ternyata juga

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kadang-kadang tidak mau melek media

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maunya medianya yang dia sesuai saja itu

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penting sekali ada gerakan alternatif

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sehingga masyarakat semakin ke Hai

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demikian lalu kemudian kita tidak boleh

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membuat penghukuman membuat Jasman hukum

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bahwa

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semua media Jogja bahwa beragama orang

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beragama itu jahat aneh kita hanya

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mendapatkan informasi dari satu pihak

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media tidak boleh

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Hai yang perlu dilakukan adalah kita

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perlu melakukan check and recheck

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terhadap informasi kita melakukan

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bekerja bersama untuk membangun sebuah

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kehidupan yang jauh lebih menentramkan

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dan terakhir kita harus membuat

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bersama-sama aktivitas kampanye

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Indonesia itu tidak sebagaimana yang

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digambarkan oleh media-media kepada

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Amerika Islam web2app agamanya tuh jelek

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orang Kristen bermunculan sama Wita

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orang Kristen pemuda dengan orang Islam

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orang Yahudi berhubungan dengan orang

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Kristen Orang

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Indonesia

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itu ada di beberapa negara Eropa

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ramen

play18:04

itu saya kira

play18:07

buy petualang

play18:11

sayang buat tidak boleh lagi mahasiswa

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proses selesai akademika tenaga

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kependidikan itu menghukum sesama umat

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manusia Indonesia dengan buku Bandung

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kuman yang mencintai yang memikirkan dan

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menyakitkan hati saya g gitu terima

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kasih udah pernah ada manfaatnya yang

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lainnya bisa anda baca sendiri di dalam

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kumpulan buku yang ditulis oleh

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temen-temen semua sebagai pengajar di

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Makasih

play18:42

Assalamualaikum warahmatullah

play18:43

wabarakatuh selamat pagi untuk semuanya

play18:45

dan

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Hai sampai ketemu di wilayah Sumatera

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Related Tags
Media PortrayalIslamic PerspectiveGlobal PerceptionMedia LiteracyCultural ImpactReligious StereotypesSocial CritiquePolitical InfluenceMedia BiasCross-cultural Understanding