Procedure of DIALYSIS

Summary

The script explains dialysis, a critical procedure for patients with kidney dysfunction. It details how waste products and excess fluids are removed when the kidneys fail, leading to complications like hypertension and heart failure. Dialysis can be hemodialysis, using a machine and vascular access, or peritoneal dialysis, utilizing the abdominal lining without blood removal. Both methods aim to filter and purify the blood, providing relief for those unable to perform these functions naturally.

Takeaways

• 💉 Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
• 🚑 It is necessary in cases of kidney disease or failure, which can lead to complications like hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia.
• 🩺 There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
• 🌡 Hemodialysis requires a machine and vascular access, which can be established through an arteriovenous graft or fistula.
• 🔪 The creation of vascular access involves a surgical procedure where an artery is connected to a vein, often using a plastic tube.
• 🩸 During hemodialysis, blood is circulated out of the body, filtered by the machine to remove waste, and then returned to the body.
• 🌀 The dialysis machine uses filtering fibers and a dialysate solution to absorb and remove undesirable substances from the blood.
• 💊 Dialysis can also be used in cases of acute kidney failure or to remove drugs or poisons from the body.
• 🩺 Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative method that uses the lining of the abdomen and does not require the external removal of blood.
• 🌀 In peritoneal dialysis, a catheter is inserted into the abdomen to allow the dialysate to enter and exit, facilitating the exchange of waste products and fluids.
• 🧪 Each session of peritoneal dialysis, known as an 'exchange,' involves filling the abdominal cavity with dialysate and allowing waste to be drawn into it before draining into a collection bag.

Q & A

What is dialysis and why is it necessary?

Dialysis is a medical procedure that artificially removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively, compensating for kidney disease and preventing complications like hypertension, heart failure, and metabolic disorders.

How does a healthy kidney normally remove waste products?

In a healthy kidney, waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes are removed from the body in the form of urine.

What are the two main types of dialysis mentioned in the script?

The two main types of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

What is hemodialysis and how is it performed?

Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis performed with the aid of a machine outside the body that removes toxic substances from the blood. It requires a vascular access site, such as an arteriovenous graft or fistula, and the use of needles to set up a circuit with the dialyzer.

What is a vascular access site in the context of hemodialysis?

A vascular access site is a point of entry created by connecting an artery to a vein, either directly or with the help of a plastic tube, to facilitate the flow of blood to and from the dialyzer during hemodialysis.

How does the dialyzer in hemodialysis work?

The dialyzer in hemodialysis works by using filtering fibers to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood, with a dialysate acting as an absorbent solution for undesirable substances.

What is peritoneal dialysis and how does it differ from hemodialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis is a type of dialysis performed using the lining of the abdomen, without the external removal of blood. It involves the insertion of a soft catheter into the abdomen, through which dialysate is introduced and waste products are drawn into it from the blood across the peritoneal membrane.

What is an exchange in the context of peritoneal dialysis?

An exchange in peritoneal dialysis refers to a session where the abdominal cavity is filled with dialysate, waste products and excess fluid are drawn into it from the blood, and the dialysate is then drained into a collection bag.

Why might dialysis be performed in a clinical setting?

Dialysis might be performed to treat acute kidney failure or to remove drugs or poisons from the body.

What are some complications that can arise from kidney disease and how does dialysis help?

Complications from kidney disease include hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. Dialysis helps by removing excess waste, toxins, and fluid, thus preventing these complications.

How does the process of hemodialysis begin and end?

Hemodialysis begins with the insertion of two needles into the vascular access site, setting up a circuit with the dialyzer. The process ends with the removal of the needles and tubing, allowing the patient to return home.

Outlines

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🩺 Understanding Dialysis

This paragraph introduces the concept of dialysis, a medical procedure used to artificially remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It explains the role of a healthy kidney in eliminating waste and the consequences of kidney disease, such as hypertension, heart failure, and metabolic issues. The paragraph outlines the two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and the situations in which dialysis is necessary, such as acute kidney failure or to remove toxins.

Keywords

💡Dialysis

Dialysis is a medical procedure that replicates the function of healthy kidneys by artificially removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood. It is essential for individuals with kidney disease, where the natural kidney function is compromised. In the video, dialysis is presented as a critical treatment for conditions arising from kidney failure, such as hypertension and metabolic acidosis.

💡Waste Products

Waste products refer to the byproducts of metabolism that need to be eliminated from the body. In the context of the video, waste products like toxins accumulate in the body when kidney function is impaired, leading to health complications. Dialysis helps in removing these waste products to maintain the body's chemical balance.

💡Kidney Disease

Kidney disease is a medical condition that impairs the kidney's ability to filter waste from the blood, resulting in the buildup of harmful substances. The video discusses how kidney disease necessitates dialysis to compensate for the loss of natural kidney function and prevent further health complications.

💡Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis that utilizes a machine to filter the blood outside the body. The video explains that it involves creating a vascular access site and using a dialyzer to remove waste and excess fluid. Hemodialysis is a key method discussed for treating patients with kidney failure.

💡Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis is another form of dialysis that uses the lining of the abdomen as a natural filter. Unlike hemodialysis, blood is not removed from the body externally. The video describes the process of inserting a catheter into the abdomen and using dialysate to absorb waste products and excess fluid, illustrating an alternative to hemodialysis.

💡Vascular Access Site

A vascular access site is a point of entry created for the purpose of hemodialysis. The video mentions that it is established by connecting an artery to a vein, either through a graft or an arterial-venous fistula, allowing blood to flow into and out of the dialysis machine.

💡Dialyzer

A dialyzer is the machine component used in hemodialysis to filter the blood. The video describes the dialyzer as having filtering fibers that remove waste products and excess fluid, playing a central role in the hemodialysis process.

💡Dialysate

Dialysate is the fluid used in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis that serves as an absorbent solution for waste products and excess substances in the blood. In the video, it is mentioned as a critical component in the peritoneal dialysis process, where it is introduced into the abdominal cavity to facilitate the waste removal.

💡Exchange

In the context of peritoneal dialysis, an 'exchange' refers to a single session of the dialysis process. The video explains that during an exchange, the abdominal cavity is filled with dialysate, which then draws out waste products and excess fluid before being drained into a collection bag.

💡Complications

Complications in the video refer to the health issues that arise due to the accumulation of waste products and excess fluid in the body when kidney function is impaired. Examples given include hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and metabolic acidosis, which dialysis aims to mitigate.

💡Acute Kidney Failure

Acute kidney failure, as mentioned in the video, is a sudden loss of kidney function that requires immediate medical attention. Dialysis is performed in such cases to remove waste products and prevent life-threatening complications.

Highlights

Dialysis is an artificial process to remove waste products from the blood when kidneys fail to function properly.

Healthy kidneys naturally remove waste, excess fluids, and electrolytes; kidney disease disrupts this balance leading to complications.

Complications from kidney disease include hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and hypercalcemia.

Dialysis can be performed in cases of acute kidney failure or to remove drugs or poisons from the body.

There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Hemodialysis uses a machine and a vascular access site created through surgery to remove toxic substances from the blood.

A dialysis access site may involve an arteriovenous graft or fistula to connect an artery to a vein for blood flow.

During hemodialysis, blood is circulated through the dialyzer which filters out waste and excess fluid.

The dialyzer consists of filtering fibers and a dialysate that absorbs undesirable substances from the blood.

Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the lining of the abdomen and a catheter to perform the dialysis process internally.

An abdominal port is created for the dialysate to enter and exit, facilitating the exchange of waste products and fluids.

Each peritoneal dialysis session, known as an exchange, is timed according to a doctor's determination.

The peritoneal membrane acts as a filter, drawing waste and excess fluid from the blood into the dialysate.

The dialysate, after absorbing waste, is collected in a disposable bag during the peritoneal dialysis exchange.

Hemodialysis requires needles and tubing to be inserted and removed at the access site, allowing the patient to return home post-session.

Dialysis is a critical procedure for patients with kidney disease to manage the buildup of waste and toxins.

The choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis depends on the patient's condition and medical advice.

Both dialysis methods aim to replicate the natural kidney function to maintain overall health and prevent complications.

Transcripts

dialysis dialysis is a process through

which waste products are artificially

removed from the blood to compensate for

the presence of an abnormally

functioning

kidney in a healthy kidney waste

products excess fluids and electrolytes

such as sodium and and potassium are

removed from the body in the form of

urine in the case of kidney disease the

loss of kidney function results in the

increased accumulation of excess waste

toxins or fluid in the body thereby

causing other

complications such as hypertension heart

failure pulmonary edema metabolic

acidosis and hyp

calmia dialysis is performed in the

following

situations

one acute kidney failure

or two to remove drugs or poisons from

the

poty dialysis could be of two

types one hemodialysis

two peronal

dialysis

hemodialysis this is done with the aid

of a

dialyzer which is a machine present

outside the body which removes the toxic

substances from the

blood a vascular access site is created

by first numbing the area with local

anesthesia and creating an arterior

Venus

graft by

connecting one of the arteries with a

wine with the help of a plastic

tube or an arterial venous fistula but

directly connecting one of the arteries

with a ve once the graft or fulo has

healed hemodialysis could be performed

for the

patient at the start of the process two

needles are inserted into the fistula or

graft allowing a circuit to be set up

with the

dialyzer blood flows out of the body

into the

dialyzer which consists of filtering

fibers that remove waste

products and excess fluid from the

blood and a dialate which acts as an

absorbent solution for undesirable

substances in the blood

blood purified in this manner is

returned to the body through the tubing

into the second needle at the axis

site when the hemodialysis session is

complete the needles and tubing are

removed and the patient is allowed to

return

home peronal

dialysis is done using the peronal

lining of the abdomen without the

external removal of blood from the

body a soft catheter is first inserted

into the abdomen near the belly button

creating a port through which the

dialysate can enter or leave the

abdomen each session of the peronal

dialysis is known as an exchange the

abdominal cavity is first filled with

the dialysate using the catheter for a

of time determined by the

doctor through the peronal membrane

waste products and excess fluid are

continuously drawn out of the blood into

the

dialysate which ultimately drains into a

disposable collection bag during the

exchange