Procedure of DIALYSIS

Summary

The script explains dialysis, a critical procedure for patients with kidney dysfunction. It details how waste products and excess fluids are removed when the kidneys fail, leading to complications like hypertension and heart failure. Dialysis can be hemodialysis, using a machine and vascular access, or peritoneal dialysis, utilizing the abdominal lining without blood removal. Both methods aim to filter and purify the blood, providing relief for those unable to perform these functions naturally.

Takeaways

• 💉 Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
• 🚑 It is necessary in cases of kidney disease or failure, which can lead to complications like hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia.
• 🩺 There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
• 🌡 Hemodialysis requires a machine and vascular access, which can be established through an arteriovenous graft or fistula.
• 🔪 The creation of vascular access involves a surgical procedure where an artery is connected to a vein, often using a plastic tube.
• 🩸 During hemodialysis, blood is circulated out of the body, filtered by the machine to remove waste, and then returned to the body.
• 🌀 The dialysis machine uses filtering fibers and a dialysate solution to absorb and remove undesirable substances from the blood.
• 💊 Dialysis can also be used in cases of acute kidney failure or to remove drugs or poisons from the body.
• 🩺 Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative method that uses the lining of the abdomen and does not require the external removal of blood.
• 🌀 In peritoneal dialysis, a catheter is inserted into the abdomen to allow the dialysate to enter and exit, facilitating the exchange of waste products and fluids.
• 🧪 Each session of peritoneal dialysis, known as an 'exchange,' involves filling the abdominal cavity with dialysate and allowing waste to be drawn into it before draining into a collection bag.

Q & A

What is dialysis and why is it necessary?

Dialysis is a medical procedure that artificially removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively, compensating for kidney disease and preventing complications like hypertension, heart failure, and metabolic disorders.

How does a healthy kidney normally remove waste products?

In a healthy kidney, waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes are removed from the body in the form of urine.

What are the two main types of dialysis mentioned in the script?

The two main types of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

What is hemodialysis and how is it performed?

Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis performed with the aid of a machine outside the body that removes toxic substances from the blood. It requires a vascular access site, such as an arteriovenous graft or fistula, and the use of needles to set up a circuit with the dialyzer.

What is a vascular access site in the context of hemodialysis?

A vascular access site is a point of entry created by connecting an artery to a vein, either directly or with the help of a plastic tube, to facilitate the flow of blood to and from the dialyzer during hemodialysis.

How does the dialyzer in hemodialysis work?

The dialyzer in hemodialysis works by using filtering fibers to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood, with a dialysate acting as an absorbent solution for undesirable substances.

What is peritoneal dialysis and how does it differ from hemodialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis is a type of dialysis performed using the lining of the abdomen, without the external removal of blood. It involves the insertion of a soft catheter into the abdomen, through which dialysate is introduced and waste products are drawn into it from the blood across the peritoneal membrane.

What is an exchange in the context of peritoneal dialysis?

An exchange in peritoneal dialysis refers to a session where the abdominal cavity is filled with dialysate, waste products and excess fluid are drawn into it from the blood, and the dialysate is then drained into a collection bag.

Why might dialysis be performed in a clinical setting?

Dialysis might be performed to treat acute kidney failure or to remove drugs or poisons from the body.

What are some complications that can arise from kidney disease and how does dialysis help?

Complications from kidney disease include hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. Dialysis helps by removing excess waste, toxins, and fluid, thus preventing these complications.

How does the process of hemodialysis begin and end?

Hemodialysis begins with the insertion of two needles into the vascular access site, setting up a circuit with the dialyzer. The process ends with the removal of the needles and tubing, allowing the patient to return home.