Patch Panels: Selecting AND Installing! Real World Cabling Ep.4 - Keeping IT Simple

Viatto
30 Apr 202012:32

Summary

TLDREl guion ofrece una introducción a la selección, el tamaño y la instalación de un panel de enchufe de red. Se describe el proceso de cableado estructurado, la terminación de cables en un panel de 8 o 24 puertos y la conexión a dispositivos de red utilizando cables de enlace. Se discuten las diferencias entre los paneles para cables CAT5e y CAT6, y se enfatiza la importancia de seguir el estándar de cableado T568A/B. Además, se destaca la consideración de la minimización de la interrupción del servicio durante la instalación y se ofrecen consejos para una instalación práctica y eficiente.

Takeaways

  • 📏 Para seleccionar un panel de parche, primero debes determinar el número de puertos necesarios para la implementación de la red y añadir aproximadamente un 25% para futura expansión.
  • 🔌 Los paneles de parche están disponibles en dos tamaños principales: de 8 puertos y de 24 puertos, siendo cada conjunto de 24 puertos equivalente a 1u de espacio.
  • 🛠️ Para conectar el cable a un dispositivo de red, puedes crimparlo o conectarlo a un panel de parche mediante un conector de llave (keystone jack) y luego usar un cable de parche para conectarlo al dispositivo de red.
  • 🧵 Cada cable Ethernet tiene ocho hilos de cobre individuales, y los paneles de parche suelen tener ocho receptáculos para acomodar cada uno de estos hilos.
  • 🔪 Utiliza un cortacable para desplegarse el blindaje del cable Ethernet, y luego usa un herramienta de pinchado para insertar y fijar los hilos en los receptáculos del panel de parche.
  • 🏠 Los paneles de parche de 8 puertos son ideales para ambientes pequeños y para tener una conexión limpia y organizada en la red.
  • 📦 Los paneles de parche están diseñados para coincidir con la categoría de cable que estés utilizando, como Cat5e o Cat6, aunque se pueden mezclar, podrías perder cierta calidad.
  • 🔠 La etiqueta T568A o T568B indica el orden en que se deben insertar los hilos de cobre en el panel de parche o al crimparlo, y es crucial para una conexión de red efectiva.
  • 🛠️ El proceso de instalación de un panel de parche incluye desenchufar el switch, introducir el panel de parche en el rack, montar y fijar el panel, y luego conectar temporalmente algunos cables para minimizar la interrupción del servicio.
  • 🔄 Es importante realizar una copia de seguridad de la configuración de los puertos antes de la instalación para asegurar una conexión correcta después de la misma.
  • 📸 Una fotografía de la configuración actual de los puertos puede ser útil para recordar la conexión de los cables y facilitar la reinstalación rápida y precisa.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué es un panel de enchufe (patch panel) de red y para qué sirve?

    -Un panel de enchufe de red, o patch panel, es un dispositivo que permite la conexión de múltiples cables Ethernet a un solo punto, facilitando la administración y el enrutamiento de la red. Sirve para terminar los cables que se han colocado en la instalación de la red y para conectarlos a dispositivos de red como conmutadores o routers.

  • ¿Cuáles son las dos formas principales de conectar un cable a un dispositivo de red?

    -Las dos formas principales de conectar un cable a un dispositivo de red son: 1) Crimpear un conector al final del cable y 2) Conectar el cable al panel de enchufe a través de un enchufe de clave (keystone jack) y luego usar un cable de parachoque (patch cable) para conectarlo al dispositivo de red.

  • ¿Cuáles son las dos dimensiones comunes de los paneles de enchufe y cómo se relacionan con el espacio que ocupan?

    -Las dos dimensiones comunes de los paneles de enchufe son de 8 puertos y 24 puertos. Cada conjunto de 24 puertos ocupa 1U de espacio en el rack. Los paneles de 48 o 96 puertos son en realidad múltiples filas de 24 puertos dentro de una unidad física.

  • ¿Qué es un cable spool y cómo se utiliza en la instalación de redes?

    -Un cable spool es un rollo de cable que se utiliza para llegar a todas las ubicaciones que necesitan una conexión de red en una instalación. Se desenrolla a través del espacio de plenum del edificio hasta llegar a las ubicaciones requeridas.

  • ¿Qué herramienta se utiliza para separar los hilos de cobre de un cable Ethernet y cómo se llama el proceso?

    -Para separar los hilos de cobre de un cable Ethernet se utiliza una herramienta llamada stripper de cables. El proceso de separar los hilos y colocarlos en los receptores del panel de enchufe se conoce como 'punch down'.

  • ¿Por qué se recomienda tener un margen adicional al elegir el tamaño del panel de enchufe para una instalación de red?

    -Se recomienda tener un margen adicional, aproximadamente un 25%, en el tamaño del panel de enchufe para permitir futuras expansiones de la red sin necesidad de reemplazar el panel por uno más grande.

  • ¿Qué es un enchufe de clave (keystone jack) y cómo se relaciona con el panel de enchufe?

    -Un enchufe de clave, comúnmente conocido como jack de pared, es un dispositivo que se utiliza para conectar cables a un panel de enchufe. Permite una conexión más flexible y es una alternativa a la terminación directa de cables en el panel de enchufe.

  • ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un cable CAT5e y un cable CAT6 y cómo afecta su uso en un panel de enchufe?

    -Los cables CAT6 tienen un aislamiento más grueso y un enrollado más estrecho entre los hilos en comparación con los cables CAT5e. Aunque se puede utilizar un cable CAT6 en un panel de enchufe CAT5e, técnicamente se pierde parte de la calidad del cable CAT6 debido a que no se aprovecha completamente su capacidad y resistencia a interferencias.

  • ¿Qué estánndares de cableado se utilizan para el cableado de los hilos en un panel de enchufe y por qué son importantes?

    -Los estándares de cableado T568A y T568B se utilizan para determinar el orden en que se conectan los hilos individuales en un panel de enchufe o al crimpar un conector. Son importantes porque aseguran que todos los dispositivos de red se comuniquen de manera一致, evitando problemas de señal y compatibilidad.

  • ¿Qué es un 'cage nut' y cómo se utiliza en la instalación de un panel de enchufe?

    -Un 'cage nut' es una pequeña pieza metálica con clips que se pueden doblar para crear un orificio para un tornillo. Se utiliza para montar paneles de enchufe y otros dispositivos en un rack, permitiendo la fijo de los paneles a los barres del rack mediante tornillos.

  • ¿Cómo se puede asegurar que la instalación de un panel de enchufe cause la menor interrupción posible en un entorno de trabajo?

    -Para minimizar la interrupción, es recomendable notificar a todos los usuarios sobre las horas de mantenimiento y la posible desconexión de la red. Además, realizar la instalación en horas de menor actividad, como temprano en la mañana o durante el fin de semana, puede ayudar a reducir el impacto en los usuarios.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Instalación de un panel de enchufe de red

Este párrafo explica cómo medir, seleccionar e instalar un panel de enchufe de red. Se describe el proceso de selección entre paneles de 8 o 24 puertos, y cómo se relaciona con el espacio ocupado (1U por cada 24 puertos). Se menciona la necesidad de adaptar el cable Ethernet a través de un conector o 'keystone jack' antes de conectarlo a un dispositivo de red. Se enfatiza la importancia de la instalación y terminación de los cables en el panel de enchufe, utilizando herramientas como el 'punch down tool' para una conexión segura y eficiente. Además, se destaca la ventaja de los paneles de 8 puertos por su facilidad de instalación y manejo en entornos domésticos o pequeños.

05:02

🛠 Proceso de instalación y cableado del panel de enchufe

En este párrafo se narra el proceso de instalación de un panel de enchufe de 48 puertos en un rack, destacando la importancia de minimizar la interrupción de servicios para los usuarios. Se describe cómo se toma una foto antes de desconectar el switch para recordar la configuración original de los puertos. Seguidamente, se detalla el proceso de inserción del panel de enchufe en el rack, utilizando 'cage nuts' y tornillos para su fijación. Se menciona la necesidad de cableado temporal para garantizar la continuidad del servicio, y cómo se identifican y conectan los puertos necesarios para los empleados que llegan temprano. Finalmente, se abordan las tareas de cableado definitivo, incluyendo el uso de herramientas de cableado y la referencia a los estándares de cableado T568A/B.

10:04

📋 Consideraciones finales y tareas adicionales

Este párrafo ofrece consejos finales sobre cómo determinar el tamaño adecuado de un panel de enchufe para una red, sugiriendo agregar un 25% adicional al cálculo de puertos necesarios para futuras expansiones. Se instruye sobre la compra e instalación de un panel de enchufe de la talla adecuada y el cableado de los cables previamente instalados. Además, se aborda la pregunta de si importa en qué puertos se conecta el panel de enchufe al switch, destacando la relevancia de las VLANs en decisiones de este tipo. Se desafía al lector a identificar tipos de instalaciones de patch panel en imágenes de Google, distinguiendo entre buenos, malos y creativos cableados, y a documentar sus hallazgos.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Patch Panel

Un 'Patch Panel' es un dispositivo de red que permite la conexión y desconexión de cables de red sin necesidad de desenchufar los cables. Es fundamental para la gestión y configuración de redes en un entorno de oficina, permitiendo la conexión de múltiples dispositivos a un solo punto. En el video, se muestra cómo se selecciona, instala y utiliza un patch panel para gestionar las conexiones de red en un MDF (Marco de Distribución Principal).

💡Crimping

El 'crimping' se refiere al proceso de soldar o presionar los contactos de un conector eléctrico para asegurar una conexión fiable. En el contexto del video, se menciona como una de las dos maneras de darle una 'tip' al final del cable, lo que implica la conexión de un conector a un cable para que pueda ser enchufado a un dispositivo de red.

💡Keystone Jack

Un 'Keystone Jack' es un tipo de conector que se utiliza en sistemas de telecomunicaciones y redes locales. Se menciona en el video como una alternativa al crimping, permitiendo la conexión de cables a un panel de parches o a una pared, y es comúnmente conocido como un 'wall jack'.

💡Ethernet Cable

Un 'cable Ethernet' es un tipo de cable utilizado para la conexión de dispositivos de red. En el video, se describe cómo cada cable Ethernet tiene ocho hilos de cobre individuales y cómo estos se conectan a un patch panel utilizando un 'punch down tool'.

💡Punch Down Tool

Un 'punch down tool' es una herramienta utilizada para presionar y cortar los hilos de un cable Ethernet en un panel de parches o en un jack de llave. Es crucial para asegurar que los hilos estén correctamente conectados y que el cable esté bien adaptado al dispositivo.

💡Cat5e y Cat6

Cat5e y Cat6 son tipos de cables Ethernet que difieren en su capacidad de transmisión y resistencia a interferencias. En el video, se discute cómo los paneles de parches están diseñados para coincidir con el tipo de cable utilizado, y se menciona que se puede mezclar un cable Cat6 con un panel de Cat5e, aunque esto podría resultar en una pérdida de calidad.

💡T568A y T568B

T568A y T568B son dos estándares de cableado utilizados para la organización de los hilos dentro de un conector Ethernet. Ambos estánndares se mencionan en el video y son cruciales para garantizar una conexión de red correcta; se debe utilizar uno de los dos, pero no se pueden mezclar.

💡Cage Nuts

Las 'cage nuts' son pequeñas piezas de metal que se utilizan para sujetar el equipo en un armario de red o rack. En el video, se describe cómo se pueden utilizar para montar un panel de parches en un rack, proporcionando una forma de fijar los componentes en su lugar.

💡VLANs

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) es una tecnología que permite la creación de redes virtuales dentro de una red física. Aunque no se utiliza en el ejemplo del video, se menciona como una característica que podría afectar cómo se conectan los puertos del panel de parches a los puertos del conmutador.

💡Cable Management

La 'gestión de cables' se refiere a la organización y mantenimiento de los cables en un entorno de red para evitar desorden y facilitar la identificación de conexiones. En el video, se menciona la importancia de la gestión de cables, aunque se deja para un paso posterior en el proceso de instalación.

💡IT Service

El 'IT Service' se refiere a la prestación de servicios de tecnología de la información, incluyendo la instalación, mantenimiento y soporte de sistemas y redes. En el video, se enfatiza la importancia de minimizar la interrupción del servicio y la comunicación con los clientes durante la instalación del panel de parches.

Highlights

Completing the installation of a network patch panel allows for network connection management.

Two main sizes of patch panels: 8-port and 24-port, with larger panels being multiples of 24.

Ethernet cables have eight individual wires that need to be matched to color codes on the patch panel.

Punch down tool is used for securing and cutting excess cable in the patch panel receptacles.

8-port patch panels are favored for their convenience and wall-mounting features.

Patch panels should match the grade of cable used, such as Cat5e or Cat6.

Mixing Cat6 cables with Cat5e patch panels is possible but may result in quality loss.

T568A and T568B are the two wiring standards for Ethernet cables and patch panels.

IT service professionals aim to minimize disruption to clients during network installations.

Proper cable management is crucial to avoid damage and maintain network quality.

Cage nuts are used for mounting patch panels in cabinets with pre-drilled holes.

Temporary patching of cables is done to restore service quickly while working on a permanent solution.

Labeling and identifying cable ports is essential for quick and accurate reconnections.

Stripping and punching down new cables requires precision to avoid cutting internal wires.

Caps are used to complete the patching process and protect the connections.

VLANs can affect how patch panels are connected to switches in more complex networks.

The importance of documentation and before/after comparisons for network installations.

Encouragement to size, select, and install a network patch panel based on mini-network deployment needs.

Instruction to search for patch panel installations and identify good, bad, and creative examples.

Transcripts

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network connections selecting and

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installing a patch panel by time this

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nugget is done you will be able to size

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select and install a network patch panel

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with our rack installation complete we

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are now ready to install the patch panel

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and terminate at least one side of the

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cables that we initially ran hopefully

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by now this image is beginning to look

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familiar it's the MDF of the office

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suite that we are reconstructing into

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the ideal network environment we used

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spool cable through the plenum space of

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our building to reach all the location

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that needs a network connection now

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unfortunately you can't just take the

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end of spool cable and mush it into a

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network device and expect it to

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communicate to plug into the network

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device the cable has to have a tip and

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there's two ways of achieving that the

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first is by taking the cable in crimping

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and end onto it the second is by

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connecting that cable to the back of

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this patch panel or a keystone jack

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which most people call a wall jack and

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then connecting a cable from there into

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the network device those are called

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patch cables so in this nugget I'm going

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to focus in on the patch panel and in

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the next nugget we'll focus in on the

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Keystone Jack and crimping cable so when

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it comes to patch panels there are

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really two different sizes that you can

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get the eight port variety and the 24

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port variety now if you Google patch

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panel sizes you'll find people selling

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48 por 96 port there's all kinds of

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different patch panel sizes beyond this

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out there but really each set of 24

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ports takes up 1u of space so those

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people that are selling 48 or 96 port

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patch panel really they just create one

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physical unit that has multiple rows of

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24 inside of it so you could technically

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buy a whole bunch of 24 port patch

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panels stack them up and accomplish the

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same thing now if you look at the back

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of the patch panel flip it around no

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matter what size it is you're gonna see

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relatively the same thing a whole bunch

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of receptacles for the individual wires

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inside of the Ethernet cable every

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single Ethernet cable has eight

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individual copper wires spun together

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inside of it and as luck would have it

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patch panels will typically have eight

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receptacles per four one two three four

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five six seven eight

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so as a process we'll strip off the

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shielding of that Ethernet cable using a

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cable stripper which often looks

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something like this

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you'll match the wires up to their

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individual color codes and then push

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those individual wires into those

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receptacles using a punch down tool

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which looks something like this this tip

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is custom designed to fit right around

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those receptacles and push the cable in

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lock it in place and then use that sharp

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tip to snip off the extra so the cable

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ends up nice and neat then you'll be

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able to use your patch cable to connect

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from that receptacle to whatever network

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device you want to plug in now I

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personally give these little 8 port

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patch panels the best of show award

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because I love them I want to have one

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of these in every room of my house

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they come with a wall mounting plate

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that you can drill into the wall right

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there and patch in all your cables to

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the back of that guy these actually work

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really well of course to every room of

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your house but also in small

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environments like this where maybe they

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have a little Netgear device that runs

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three individual ports and you can't see

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it but behind there there would be a

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hole in the wall and fish them up the

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ceiling or wherever those cables would

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go that punch into this eight port patch

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panel and give a real clean look right

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over here to the switch there I go on my

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clean statement again I can almost

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guarantee you some extraordinarily

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meticulous person put this network

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together look at those individual

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staples by the way that's really

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dangerous because you can actually

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pierce your Ethernet cable or smash it

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to where you lose a lot of quality but

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man does it look good patch panels are

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made to match the grade of cable that

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you're using so you will see some patch

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panels created for cat5e and some for

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cat6 one of the most common questions

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that I've gotten is can I mix a cat6

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cable into a cat5e patch panel yes you

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can it does work but technically you

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will lose some of the quality of the

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cat6 cabling I can't tell you how much

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because technically many of the gains of

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the cat6 cable are received because of

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the increased insulation and a tighter

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twisting of the individual wires inside

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of there in a nutshell that tighter the

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twists the more resistant the cable is

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to interference loss in the greater

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capacity it has and that brings up the

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last point I want to say before we get

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into the installation of our patch panel

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in our environment you can barely see it

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written behind that cable there is the

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words t568a this dictates the order that

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the individual copper wires will go in

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when you either put them in the patch

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panel or you crimp on the tip there are

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two different standards that exists

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t568a and t568b it doesn't really matter

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which one you use but you have to use

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one of them you can't just pick whatever

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order you want to put those copper wires

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in technically it will work you will get

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some network signal but it'll only go a

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few feet before the whole signal falls

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apart and you have a quote unquote bad

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network cable thankfully every patch

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panel you buy will have the wiring

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scheme for t568a and most of the time

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t568b printed right on the back of it in

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short it will tell you what order to put

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the wires in the first thing that we

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need to do is get that patch panel

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installed inside of this cabinet and

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I've come in at five in the morning to

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do it so that the office would be empty

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and yet as I walk down the hallway I see

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one guy already in typing next to his

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computer now why is that important the

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name of this profession is IT service we

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are here to service the client and the

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client could be your fellow employees it

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could be a customer that you contract

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with your goal is to minimize the amount

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of disruption that you're causing them

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ideally you would have sent an email to

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notify everybody from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00

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a.m. the network will be down or

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whatever the case is so that their

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expectations are set in my case I was a

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little more spontaneous woke up early

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thought today is a great day to do it so

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now because of that I've got to work

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fast first thing I'm gonna do is take a

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picture because not all ports are

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created equal some are plugged in some

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are not and I need to remember which

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ones are which looks good now I got to

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pull all these off and done switch is

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now disconnected from the patch panel

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all right um now at the top of the

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racket I'm gonna try and fish that patch

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panel through the beauty is all of these

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cables that are already punched in

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smashed down really flat if you press

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them against here so they should fit

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right in the back of this slender slot

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not quite as easy as I hoped

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[Music]

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success

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alright I'm pulling these through and my

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goal is to get that patch panel mounted

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up here and the switch installed so we

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can get that employee back online as

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fast as possible now this cabinet is a

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bit unique because it actually has two

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ways that we can mount things inside of

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here the first is you see these big

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empty holes they're designed for these

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things they're called cage nuts if you

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look at the back of them you'll actually

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see these small metal clips that you

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bend it inside of this square on the

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backside of it to give yourself an

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opening to put a screw in now if I

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wanted to I could actually take this

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strip out and rotate the thing if you

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look inside of here there's a screw at

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the top there's actually circular holes

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that are pre-drilled for racks screws so

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I could rotate this whole bar and have

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pre-drilled holes so you can use

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whichever one you'd like but for now

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let's get that guy back on line this is

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a to you forty eight port patch panel

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you typically mount these near the top

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of the cabinet because that's where all

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your cabling comes in right about like

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that so I can see which holes are going

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to need the screws I'm putting these

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brackets in horizontally into those

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spots one two three four now I can get

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these screwed in just to get our one

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employee back up and running I'm gonna

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get this switch installed and

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temporarily patch in a few of their

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cables that I know they'll need the good

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news is most of the ports in this

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building have a previously labeled I can

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see 103 there's blue and orange ports

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they're our early-morning employee is

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using the orange one coming across there

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is 103 orange okay him patched in and

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another guys come in that I ran into in

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the hallway we'll plug him into all the

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staff members are coming in now so I'm

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just gonna start plugging things in

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based on the picture that I took just

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getting that patch panel there is a huge

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stride for this morning it gives us a

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landscape to work with so all this stuff

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I'm doing right now is just temporary to

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keep the office running while we get all

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the other stuff installed we're just

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gonna put everything back the way it was

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so we have zero service issues now that

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we have the makeshift Network in place

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and the office is up and running we can

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patch in some of the new cables that we

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ran previously let's open this up

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alright the first thing I'm gonna do is

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fish those new cables through the

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opening in the back of the case there we

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go we'll worry about the cable

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management later

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then I'm gonna use one of these guys

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cable stripper to strip off the

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shielding of these cables these things

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work great as long as they're adjusted

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right if not you'll end up cutting into

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the wires inside of the cable which

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isn't good I'll show you some other

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options when we get into the Keystone

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Jack later run put that in here about

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two inches of cabling spin it around and

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shoot we've got our internal wires from

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there we'll find some open ports on the

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back of our patch panel from a quick

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glance it looks like port thirty-nine

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through forty six are open I also see on

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the back of this patch panel that it's

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designed for cat6 and they have the

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t568a and be wiring standards printed

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right on top of each other so I've now

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untwisted all eight wires of our cable

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and I'll use our cable stripper which

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also works as a cutter to snip off that

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extra insulation pull off these little

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protectors here

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there you go pull them off for all three

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of the new cables and I'll put these

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wires in here based on the t568a which

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is the second strip of labels here slip

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them in one wire at a time and use a

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punch down tool to snap it into place

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nice sometimes the extra wire just falls

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off sometimes you got to wiggle it a

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little bit there we go one down

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oh and then you'll reach those points

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when you mistake the green stripe for

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the blue stripe because it's kind of

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dark green stripe has already cut too

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small so you got to rip that out and do

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it all over again now when you're doing

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this yourself keep in mind you can make

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this as long as you want if you want to

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give yourself two three four inches of

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wire to play with because it's a little

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easier to work with

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with the shielding not as close feel

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free to do that you're gonna cut it all

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off in the end anyway

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and done I just put these caps right on

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afterwards otherwise I forget and I lose

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them there we go three new cables

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patched in and ready to go we now have

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our patch panel installed and our new

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cables punched in the MDF is coming

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along it's a mess but we're taking this

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one step at a time now a common question

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I hear is doesn't really matter plugging

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this patch panel into the switch which

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ports go where the answer is maybe it

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depends if the organization is using a

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technology known as VLANs that's a

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feature that allows you to sign the

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different ports to different networks in

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our case the network that we're working

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with is flat that is there is no VLANs

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so at that point we can plug things just

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about anywhere we want to I'm also

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loving that we have this picture because

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it's going to be like one of those

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weight-loss commercials this is the

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before by time we're done you'll be

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amazed at just how good things look now

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I said at the beginning of this nugget

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that you will be able to size select and

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install a network patch panel so here's

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what I want you to do determine the

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number of ports needed for your mini

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network deployment and add about 25% to

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that number because you're gonna want

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some room for expansion from their

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purchase and install an appropriately

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sized patch panel then mountain punch

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down the network cables that you ran

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previously if you find yourself in a

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situation where you cannot do the

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practical then dive into the theoretical

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and

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to search Google Images for patch panel

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insults and I want you identify a good

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insulation a bad insulation and a

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creative installation and put them into

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a document

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Redes de ComputadorasInstalación de HardwarePanel de ConexiónCableado EthernetTecnología de RedCrimpar CablesPatch CablesConfiguración de RedCableado de OficinaMantenimiento de Red
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