Making Connections - The Power of Oral Storytelling | Trent Hohaia | TEDxUOA

Summary

The speaker, a young Maori man, shares his journey of self-discovery and the importance of storytelling in connecting to one's cultural roots. He discusses his upbringing in a diverse South Auckland, his struggle with identity as a Maori academic, and the profound impact of traditional Maori navigation stories on his understanding of his heritage. He advocates for the repatriation of storytelling in Maori homes to foster identity and resilience, drawing parallels between the strength of forests and the strength found in community and shared narratives.

Takeaways

• 👨‍👧 The speaker is the youngest of five siblings, with an older sister who was absent during his early childhood and has a tendency to act motherly towards him.
• 🏠 Growing up in South Auckland, the speaker cherished the cultural diversity and felt a sense of pride in being from a multi-talented family.
• 🎓 Despite not always being the best student, the speaker excelled academically, often being at the top of his class, which was surprising to him given the stereotype that being Maori and achieving academically were separate.
• 🧐 The speaker struggled with an identity crisis, feeling that his Maori heritage and academic success were at odds with each other, leading to a denial of his heritage for a time.
• 🌍 Traveling the world, the speaker sought to find his identity but was repeatedly asked where he was from, which led him to question his own origins and identity more deeply.
• 👨‍👦 A conversation with an older brother in London sparked a realization about the sacrifices made by his parents and the speaker's role as an inheritor of their legacy.
• 🏆 The speaker's academic achievements were seen as exceptional due to his Maori background, which perpetuated the stereotype that Maori people are not typically high achievers.
• 📚 A story shared by a man named Michael about Polynesian navigation skills helped the speaker see the value in his Maori heritage and the importance of storytelling in understanding one's identity.
• 🌳 The speaker founded a social enterprise called 'Toitoi Tito' to promote oral storytelling traditions, emphasizing the relational, developmental, and prescriptive power of stories.
• 🌱 Storytelling is described as foundational, with stories being the roots that give shape to the world and provide a sense of identity and purpose.
• 🌿 The speaker passionately advocates for the importance of storytelling in connecting to one's culture and history as a means to address contemporary social issues and foster a stronger sense of identity and community.

Q & A

What is the significance of the speaker's older sister being 17 years older than him?

The speaker's older sister being 17 years older gives her a maternal role in his life, which is reflected in her tendency to speak to him as if she were his mother. However, there's also a humorous twist as she was not around for the first year of his life due to being in Germany and recorded over videos of him with MTV music videos.

How did the speaker's upbringing among four brothers influence his perspective on life?

Growing up in the shadow of his older brothers, who were all good at sports, talented, or excelled in school, the speaker admired them and thought being their little brother was amazing. This likely instilled a sense of admiration for achievement and a desire to follow in their footsteps.

What was the speaker's initial struggle with his Maori identity in relation to academic achievement?

The speaker initially struggled with the notion that being Maori and achieving academically were separate and could not coexist. He felt that being Maori was seen as incompatible with being intelligent, which led to an identity crisis where he questioned his own achievements and identity.

How did the speaker's travel experiences contribute to his understanding of his identity?

Traveling the world made the speaker confront the question 'where am I from?' repeatedly, as people asked him about his origins. This led him to introspect and question his identity, realizing that the aspects he used to identify himself were mostly about his family, not his own individual identity.

What revelation did the speaker have during his conversation with his brother at the pub?

The speaker realized that he had been a worse son to his family than they deserved. This conversation made him reflect on the sacrifices and contributions his parents had made for him and his siblings, leading him to understand the importance of living up to his family's legacy.

What was the speaker's academic performance like during his university years?

The speaker excelled academically in university, being on the dean's list for academic excellence and receiving the Marti academic excellence award two years in a row. He maintained an average of about 90% on all his submissions.

How did the speaker's achievements at university affect his perception of his Maori identity?

Despite his academic success, the speaker felt that he was seen as an exception rather than the norm for Maori students, which perpetuated the stereotype that Maori students are unlikely to achieve academically. This realization deepened his identity crisis.

What impact did the story told by Michael King have on the speaker's understanding of his Maori heritage?

The story about the Polynesian navigators and their incredible feat of navigating the Pacific Ocean changed the speaker's perspective. It made him realize that being Maori and achieving great things were not separate but intertwined, thus resolving his identity crisis.

What is the purpose of the social enterprise 'Tota Tito' that the speaker started?

Tota Tito, meaning to compose verses in unison, is a social enterprise aimed at promoting oral storytelling traditions. The speaker believes that storytelling is relational, developmental, and prescriptive, and that it can help ground individuals in their cultural identity.

How does the speaker connect the concept of storytelling to the health of forests and the problems faced by Maori communities?

The speaker uses the metaphor of the kahikatea tree and its root system to illustrate the importance of connection and relationship in both nature and human society. He suggests that the problems faced by Maori communities, such as high suicide rates and domestic violence, may be a result of disconnection from their cultural roots and identity.

What is the speaker's vision for the future regarding the repatriation of traditional Maori learning methods?

The speaker envisions a future where young Maori are surrounded by stories that affirm their identity, making them feel relevant, meaningful, and capable. He believes that by understanding and connecting to their past through storytelling, they can achieve stability and navigate the future more effectively.

Outlines

00:00

👨‍👧‍👦 Family Dynamics and Identity Struggle

The speaker, Jin Ho, introduces himself as the youngest of five siblings and reflects on his childhood overshadowed by his older siblings' achievements. He humorously recounts his older sister's attempt to mother him despite her absence during his early years. Jin's narrative delves into his Maori heritage and the internal conflict he faced between his academic success and cultural identity. He shares his journey of self-discovery, beginning with his academic achievements and the stereotypes he encountered, leading to a deeper exploration of his Maori roots and the repatriation of traditional learning methods.

05:01

🎓 Academic Excellence and Cultural Identity

Jin Ho discusses his academic success at university, where he excelled despite the underlying stereotype that Maori students were unlikely to achieve academically. He received multiple awards and maintained a high GPA, which he saw as a way to honor his parents' sacrifices. However, he also faced comments that reinforced the stereotype, making him feel like an exception rather than the norm. This led to an ongoing identity crisis, which was further explored during his travels and a profound conversation with his brother about their family's contributions and sacrifices.

10:02

🗺️ The Power of Storytelling and Cultural Connection

The speaker shares a transformative experience where he learned about the incredible navigation skills of his Polynesian ancestors, which challenged the derogatory 'Great Wave' theory. This revelation connected him to a proud history and inspired him to embrace his Maori identity fully. Jin Ho founded a social enterprise, 'Tautoko', to promote oral storytelling traditions, emphasizing their relational, developmental, and knowledge-preserving aspects. He believes storytelling is essential for identity formation and navigating the future, drawing parallels between the strength of forests and the strength derived from communal storytelling and connection.

15:02

🌳 The Importance of Connection and Cultural Resilience

Jin Ho concludes by addressing the pressing social issues faced by the Maori community, such as high suicide rates and domestic violence, attributing these in part to a disconnection from cultural roots. He advocates for the importance of storytelling in fostering a sense of identity and connection, using the metaphor of the kahikatea tree and its interwoven root system to illustrate the strength found in relationships. He envisions a future where young Maori are empowered by stories that affirm their worth and potential, and he encourages everyone to recognize and harness the power of their own stories.

Keywords

💡Identity

Identity in the video refers to an individual's understanding of their own self in relation to their cultural, familial, and personal history. It is a central theme as the speaker grapples with his Maori heritage and academic success, seeking to reconcile the stereotypes and expectations associated with being Maori. The speaker's journey to find his identity is a key narrative, exemplified when he reflects on his family's sacrifices and his own achievements, leading him to understand that being Maori and successful are not mutually exclusive.

💡Stereotype

A stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. In the context of the video, the speaker discusses the stereotype that Maori people cannot achieve academically, which he initially internalizes. This stereotype is challenged when he excels in university, yet he also notes that his success paradoxically reinforces the stereotype by being seen as an exception rather than the norm.

💡Cultural Disconnection

Cultural disconnection is the lack of connection to one's cultural roots and traditions. The speaker mentions this concept in relation to the high rates of social issues among the Maori community, suggesting that these problems stem from a disconnection from their cultural heritage. The video emphasizes the importance of reconnecting with cultural stories and traditions as a means to address this disconnection and its associated issues.

💡Storytelling

Storytelling is the act of telling stories, especially within a cultural context. The video highlights the power of storytelling as a means to preserve knowledge, build relationships, and shape identity. The speaker's own experiences and the examples he provides, such as the story of the Polynesian navigators, illustrate how storytelling can connect individuals to their past and provide a sense of belonging and purpose.

💡Maori

Maori refers to the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand. The video discusses the Maori identity and the challenges faced by the speaker in reconciling his academic success with his Maori heritage. The term is used to explore themes of cultural pride, stereotypes, and the importance of cultural preservation and understanding within the Maori community.

💡Repatriation

In the video, repatriation refers to the reintroduction of traditional Maori learning methods into the homes and lives of the Maori people. The speaker is passionate about this concept, believing that reconnecting with these traditional methods can help address cultural disconnection and its associated social issues.

💡Academic Achievement

Academic achievement is the success attained in educational activities and assessments. The speaker reflects on his own academic achievements and the surprising reactions he received as a Maori student, which often served to reinforce the stereotype that Maori students do not excel academically. His personal journey with academic achievement is a central part of the narrative, as he seeks to challenge and change these perceptions.

💡Polynesian Navigators

Polynesian navigators refers to the skilled seafarers of the Polynesian culture who navigated the vast Pacific Ocean using their deep understanding of the environment. In the video, the speaker recounts a story about these navigators, emphasizing their remarkable skills and the respect they command from scholars, which helps him to reframe his understanding of what it means to be Maori and successful.

💡Kahikatea

The kahikatea is a native New Zealand tree mentioned in the video as a metaphor for strength through connection. The speaker uses the kahikatea to illustrate the idea that, like the tree's root system, people can find stability and strength through their interconnected relationships and shared stories.

💡Social Enterprise

A social enterprise is an organization that applies commercial strategies to maximize improvements in human and environmental well-being. The speaker mentions starting a social enterprise called 'Total Tito,' which aims to promote storytelling and cultural connection. This enterprise is an example of the speaker's commitment to fostering cultural identity and connection through storytelling.

💡Mental Health

Mental health refers to the state of an individual's psychological and emotional well-being. The video discusses the rising rates of mental health issues, particularly among the Maori community, and suggests that a lack of connection to cultural roots and stories may be a contributing factor. The speaker advocates for the power of storytelling as a means to improve mental health by fostering a sense of identity and connection.

Highlights

Speaker is the youngest of five siblings with a 17-year age gap between him and his older sister.

Older sister was in Germany for the first year of the speaker's life, missing important family moments.

Speaker grew up in the shadow of his older brothers who were talented in various fields.

The speaker's identity crisis due to the stereotype that being Maori and achieving academically are separate.

Speaker's realization of the sacrifices made by his parents and the importance of honoring his Maori heritage.

The speaker's academic excellence at university, challenging the stereotype about Maori students.

Speaker's identity crisis persists despite academic success, feeling abnormal as a high-achieving Maori.

The transformative power of storytelling and its role in finding identity and purpose.

The speaker's encounter with Michael, learning about Polynesian navigation and its significance.

The importance of oral storytelling traditions and their role in preserving Maori culture.

The speaker's initiative to start a social enterprise called 'Total Tito' to promote storytelling.

Storytelling as a relational, developmental, and prescriptive tool that shapes our world.

The role of stories in providing knowledge and understanding of one's cultural roots.

The metaphor of the forest and the importance of interconnectedness for strength and survival.

The current social issues faced by the Maori community, including high suicide rates and isolation.

The speaker's vision for the future, where identity is rooted in cultural connection and storytelling.

The call to action for the audience to recognize and utilize the power of their own stories.

The analogy of the kahikatea tree and its survival strategy through interconnected roots.

Transcripts

I'm the youngest of five of my family

there's four boys including myself and

there's my older sister she's 17 years

older than me what's wonderful about

having a 17 year old or a sister who's

17 years older than you and she feels

like she could speak to you like she is

your mother and whenever she tries to do

that to me I remind you is that for the

first year of my life she actually

wasn't around she was in Germany

I don't exchange with your high school

and my mother sent her videos of me

doing adorable baby things and she

thought it would be a good idea to

record over them with MTV music videos

so I love my sister my three older

brothers I grew up completely and

utterly in their shadow and I loved it

they were all good at sport or talented

or good at school or did really well and

as I was growing up I thought far out

being their little brother it's pretty

amazing

who I hope well how did he like what

soccer mighty public eye audio do tuned

in Hanoi no Nazi money puts our heart

Tina premature art anatomy Kia Crematory

Milwaukee errata we took her to remove a

part of in WA a question point car we

worry buddy muharram Omaha caricature

katoa my name is Jin ho hi I'm really

privileged to be in front of you here

today to speak about something that I'm

deeply passionate about and that is the

repatriation of traditional Maori

learning methods into the homes of final

across South Tarawa our storytelling

because I believe that through

storytelling what we're able to do is

find identity in the present and then

better navigate the future through

connection to the past so that's what

I'm gonna be exploring with you guys all

today I was born and raised in South

Auckland and a place called to Kearney

and that's between money they weren't

purple cutter and I loved it growing up

in the south side all the different

cultures with different people different

languages different kinds of food all

those things I loved being from South

Auckland and I thought far out being

from South Falklands pretty amazing did

all of my schooling at South Auckland

um I wasn't always the best student and

to like on my report it used to say

things like

chances of distraction to other people

in class and I feel like that's more on

the end than on me

nevertheless that was written but I

always did really well at school and

school kinda came really easy to me I

was always at the top if not near the

top of pretty much every class I was in

what's really surprised me because I'm

Modi and all throughout my life growing

up I knew although no one ever

explicitly said it to me that being

Maori in achieving academically were

separate things that they couldn't be

the same thing and I thought ah you know

what it's probably because I'm only half

Modi so the other half of me is probably

the smart house and being MALDI can't be

smart so I had this conundrum actually I

was this conundrum here I was at high

school talented capable achieving well

and credibly good-looking yellow was

moldy and had this idea that man I like

this can't be me

so either I'm not moldy or I can't be

intelligent and that shook me and I

began to deny who I was I remember this

in English class there was a movie

called Oh - it's a really good New

Zealand made film and there's the same

what scared one of the girls in class

and I'm really embarrassed by what I

said to here but what I said to her when

she got scared as I said I don't worry

Marty's not real you laugh but honestly

that was my identity about myself for

years this thought that who I was was

some relic as I graduated high school a

year after I graduated I went overseas

first time of my life first time I been

away from my family for more than a week

at the time and I thought this is it

I'm gonna find out who I am by traveling

the world I'm gonna find my purpose in

life and unequivocally wherever I went

people asked me where are you from I was

frustrated traveled all the way around

the world to discover who I was and

people kept asking me where I come from

and so I said as they kept asking me

this question I started asking it of

myself actually where am i from

I knew I was from South Auckland I knew

I was Marty but I didn't know a whole

lot else and the things I used to

identify myself actually had very little

to do with me they were all about my

family while I was traveling I went to

London to visit my oldest brother who

still

it's coming home next year with his wife

on his new baby I'm really excited and

there's I visited him I stayed with him

for about a month and one of the nights

we into a pub because that's what older

brothers like to do take your little

brother to the pub and teach him the

facts of life I wasn't aware that my

brother knew those facts but clearly he

thought he did and as we're sitting in

the pub I started talking and we ended

up talking about our family and I had

what I can only call a revelation my

revelation was this for the first 19

years of my life I've been a worse son

to my family than they deserve as my

brother and I say let's talk about the

sacrifices and the contributions my

parents had made not just to me but to

all my siblings I started to unmark

understand myself in relation to their

sacrifice what does this call out of me

man I'm their only inheritor of these

eggs my father left a six-figure sum job

to teach my brothers how to play rugby

to coach the team six figures any lifter

my father's our kind of man who will fix

things you don't know what broken my mum

was the kind of person who'll figure out

that you're the one that broke them and

then go tell your father and I love my

parents so after this conversation I

came home two jobs one discover who I

was to become a better son for my family

so I enrolled in university because I

thought far out they've put so much into

me that I need to particularly my mother

but also my father have put so much into

me to prepare me well for academics the

least I can do was achieve well for them

so I signed up to University in the

first few years I was on the dean's list

of academic excellence reserved for the

2% highest achievers and the faculty

regardless of your year I received the

Marti academic excellence award two

years in a row and I achieved an average

Myatt Army University never getting

anything less than about a 90% on

anything I submitted I don't

particularly care about grades I don't

see personally but I knew that what I

needed to do was work hard for my mother

but the funny thing that happened was I

was at I was at the top of all these

classes I wasn't and I heard comments

like this it's really good to see a

Maori boy at the top of the class and

while these were well-intentioned what

they served to remind me was man

academic achievement and being Maori are

not the same thing

if you're Maori you

unlikely to achieve here and I thought

that by doing well maybe I'd change the

stereotype but actually what amazes me

is that I perpetuated the stereotype

because I became seen as abnormal

exceptional that it wasn't normal for

Marta to do this so actually I wanted to

come closer to my identity as Modi and

by doing well I was going further away

from it and my identity crisis persisted

Who am I if these things are happening a

couple years after I graduated

University I was staying at a Mud Island

Golden Bay and Toto and I met a man

named Michael sucker hats a brand he

told me a story he told me the story of

how in the 13th century Polynesian

navigators my ancestors using the tips

of connections to the environment to the

understanding of the flood patterns of

birds ocean currents and star lights

using all those things to navigate to

arrive an altered or here today

now the navigation of the Pacific Ocean

by my ancestors academically was thought

of as a mistake there was this idea

called the Great Wave which is racist

and that simplicity the idea was a lot

of Polynesians were out in there Walker

and a great wave just happened to sweep

them from Micronesia all the way down to

Altair Dora and I remember this because

it made me angry to hear them and then I

heard a sentence that I'll never forget

because it's a sentence that's changed

my life as he was telling the story he

said this Jared Diamond the prominent

academic was asked at a conference what

is the greatest achievement of mankind

is that the curing of polio as at the

1960s civil rights movement in the south

in America is the putting of a man on

the moon as of the fall of the Berlin

Wall and he said unequivocally without a

doubt it is the navigation of the South

Pacific by early Polynesian explorers

the idea that they stumbled upon our

Theodora is as likely as finding a speck

of dust in the eye of a needle the

needle in the haystack

the haystack in a panic one hit dear

White full of haystacks and something in

me shifted suddenly achieving great

things and being mild he would no longer

separate effects they'd never been super

but these narratives had dominated my

idea of what it meant to be who I was

and through connections to story I was

able to find an identity in the prison

and understand my purpose moving forward

much like when I spoke to my brother in

the pub understanding my parents

sacrifices I found purpose and began to

act and that's what I'm passionate to

talk to you all about today is the power

of our story storytelling connecting to

your culture market everyone coaches

history in order to understand identity

in the prison and navigate the future

well yes

so after I heard this I just fell in

love with oral storytelling traditions

and I once understand what is it about

these things that helps ground us and

identity what are that what's the

functional aspect of us this year I've

started a social enterprise called total

Tito which means to compose verses in

unison so the idea is to people seeing

the same song making up the words at the

same time which i think is beautiful and

as I started this I wanted to understand

here the function of these things and

these are the things that I lens

storytelling is relational a

developmental my angeles's are like this

people will forget what you see don't

forget what you did but they'll never

forget how you made them feel

the act of sitting down with someone not

taking photos of your coffees not

checking your phone to see who asked

wants to hang out the act of sitting

down with a person face to face and

sharing stories we have no idea the

capacity our attention can has to affect

the lives of those around us words

create world's storytelling is not just

descriptive it's prescriptive so this is

the basic idea of advertising if you're

appealing message enough it becomes

truth so the narratives that are fixed

in my life and will affect some of your

lives I simply have repeated enough that

they become true so advertising the

basic premises buy this product and you

will be better off or don't buy this

product and you'll be worse off now

those ideas hearing those once or twice

a day that's fine but if we continue to

hear these ideas that talk about our

self-worth degrading without something

thousands of times a day repeated every

day for our for the entirety of our

lives that begins to do something

because storage having it is

prescriptive it creates world's words

create world's our storytelling gives

knowledge assault so the reason some

forms of esoteric knowledge of Maori and

Salman Chong and polynesian Fijian and

many other cultures

the world have survived thousands of

years of migration and coronation and

all of the other things they've survived

is because they'd had a face

there are countless books I always hear

this from fish is at University oh man I

hate learning theory and I think there's

people that have written these theories

that set with other people sent letters

communicator face-to-face in this is

their last week and we hate it because

there's no face to it that's one of the

reasons sometimes theory can just be

boring but this is perhaps the most

important thing I lens so the model word

for story is poo taco product as a

compound word the first word poo tucky

or base foundation the second with Rocco

tree so when we talk about our story

it's what we're talking about is the

base of our trees their roots now if you

know anything about Marty the martyr

creation story often called mythology

wrongly Talia Mejia wanted to separate

his parents don't you know him Papa to

arnica because he understood that for

them for this would be a world of light

he needed to separate his parents who

were on perpetual embrace so great was

their love for one another

he talked to his siblings some of them

said yeah boy let's do it

someone said no no no no don't make my

dad mad but he resigned himself he said

no we have to do this and what he lay

his back against his mother and he put

his feet against his father and he began

to push and as he did so he separated

and created the world we have today the

word our word for story is base of the

tree tani monitor as that's where the

god of our forests

so for Maori when we talk about stories

our pudica our roots we're literally

talking about the things that created

our world that give our world shape no

wonder connecting to these things are so

important no wonder we can find identity

and connecting to the past through story

thank you oh so why is this all

important what's the point of our

storytelling what what's the value why

do we need to know this stuff currently

an outtie at all we have the highest

user we have the highest suicide rate in

the developed world our young men and

our young Maori men specifically our 1.5

times high

in the national average I have a 1.5

higher chance likelihood to commit

suicide than the national average which

is already the highest in the world we

have higher rates of domestic violence

we have huge rates of infant mortality

we are an increasingly isolated

generation we spend less time face to

face with other humans than at any time

in history any time in human history

these things are creating our identity I

believe that is born out of

disconnection not connection we see

mental health rates rise and part of

that is because mental health as being

we're getting better at diagnosing it

but part of it and I believe is because

we have generations growing up not

understanding their connection to the

world because they're connected to

temporal things that are not based on

anything that's heaven during lasting

contributions to the world and it's not

right those things happening in our

country I think we all just believe

they're not right no matter how you

slice it and their intricate their

intricate problems with different causes

and different ways of solving them but

all of us know that those things are not

what we want out their door to be

there's a there's a tree could the

kakatiya that's a native sheets well

table and it has no tap roots separates

are the root systems that dig deep into

the earth to provide stability for trees

so that we in faced with challenges from

the wind rain sleet snow earthquakes

that they can remain strong and now

trees don't have them dr. Hackett's here

has existed since the Jurassic period so

it's got good at surviving and the way

it's done there is it's learn to

intertwine its roots with other kakatiya

around it and other trees it's poo

d'arco it's stories finding stability

through connection to others alone in

the field okay a Casilla is vulnerable

to the shifting of the earth the

shifting and moving of the wind of rain

but connected finally in relationship

with others through sharing of story our

forests can remain strong the Marty word

for forest is na he D na means mini or

plural hidden means connections so when

we look them to the forest what my

ancestors saw was the mutually

beneficial neutrally dependent

interwoven interconnected relationships

that were able to sustain the diversity

of life Paul cut it out

that's what we saw when we looked into

it and it's easy to see and I'll seal to

the outer door today with the problems

we have understand it's easier than to

understand the health of our forests

relationally who are we sharing our

stories with what value do we place on

the roots that we send out in

relationship to others or are we

standing alone in the field is that why

so many of us are falling

I'm deeply passionate about this stuff I

love it because I believe that the

problems we're facing today as a result

of disconnection but I have this dream

what will it look like in a hundred

years if the next generation of young

Maori but of young people in general I

surrounded from birth from cradle to

career with stories that affirm who they

are tell them that they're relevant

meaningful capable talented purpose with

greatness and that being whoever you are

and for me being Maori is not a burden

but it's a gift I believe that through

connection through understanding

ourselves not in isolation but through

connection to the past through story

like I understood myself and hearing the

sacrifices of my parents causing me to

find identity and then move to enroll in

university and all those things and

achieve well they're finding connection

to the past giving meaning to the

presence helping us better navigate the

future who might we be if our identity

is not based on just who I am what I

wear what I do the things I like but if

we send out our story we send out our

connection to others that we might

achieve stability relationally with all

of us don't know how many of us there

are in this room but all of you has

really said Heather story don't doubt

the power of your own story what's

interesting about a forest about an idea

is that trees aren't made strong because

they are strong they're made strong

because of their relationship in

connection to others the kahikatea has

survived a hundred hits from the dress

appeared 180 million years long-term

intergenerational transformative change

as possible through connection to

relationship no they're not till a

democratic artwork or time Nike TNA hey

off are we okay

namioka Ojeda Kapoor thank you very much

[Applause]