Krashen's model of SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 2022 | the monitor model hypothesis | SLA | SLL | EFL

Summary

This video delves into Stephen Krashen's renowned model of second language acquisition, highlighting its five key hypotheses: the Acquisition-Learning distinction, the Monitor Theory, the Natural Order of learning grammatical structures, the Input Hypothesis emphasizing 'i+1' for optimal learning, and the Affective Filter which considers emotional barriers to language intake. Krashen's model underscores the necessity of comprehensible input for language acquisition, the incidental nature of learning, and the limited impact of first language influence and instruction, while suggesting that language output is a result, not a driver, of acquisition.

Takeaways

• 📚 The Stephen Krashen model is a highly influential theory in the field of second language acquisition.
• 🧠 Krashen's model is connected to Chomsky's innate theory, suggesting we have an inherent language faculty that aids in language understanding, acquisition, and use.
• 🌱 The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis differentiates between subconscious acquisition and conscious learning, with separate storage in the brain.
• 🔍 The Monitor hypothesis states that learned knowledge serves to edit or monitor the acquired knowledge during language production.
• 📈 The Natural Order hypothesis suggests learners progress through a predictable sequence of grammatical structures, regardless of complexity.
• 🔑 The Input hypothesis, or 'i plus one', is central to Krashen's model, emphasizing the importance of receiving input slightly beyond one's current proficiency level.
• 🚫 The Affective Filter hypothesis identifies emotional barriers that can prevent learners from effectively receiving language input.
• 🌐 Exposure to L2 input is essential for second language acquisition, as the absence of comprehensible input makes acquisition impossible.
• 🎓 Incidental learning plays a significant role in second language acquisition, supporting the idea of an innate language faculty.
• 🚷 The outcomes of second language acquisition can vary due to individual differences in affective filters.
• 📚 The influence of the first language is limited, as language acquisition is guided by universal internal processes.
• 👩‍🏫 The impact of instruction on second language acquisition is limited; comprehensible input is key, with instruction aiding in learned knowledge.
• 📊 The learner's language production, or output, is a result of acquisition rather than a driver, indicating that the focus should be on input for effective acquisition.

Q & A

What is the Stephen Krashen model in the context of second language acquisition?

The Stephen Krashen model, also known as the Monitor Model, is a theory in the field of second language acquisition that suggests learners acquire a second language naturally and unconsciously, and that learning is a separate, conscious process.

What is the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis in Krashen's model?

The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis posits that acquisition is a subconscious process that occurs during natural interaction with the L2, while learning is a conscious and intentional process. These two types of knowledge are stored separately in the brain.

Can learned knowledge be converted into acquired knowledge according to Krashen?

No, according to Krashen, learned knowledge cannot be converted into acquired knowledge. They are separate entities within the brain.

What is the Monitor Hypothesis in Krashen's model?

The Monitor Hypothesis suggests that the primary function of learned knowledge is to monitor or edit the acquired knowledge during language production, allowing learners to consult their learned knowledge for accuracy.

What does the Natural Order Hypothesis state about the acquisition process?

The Natural Order Hypothesis states that learners follow a certain order and go through stages in the acquisition process of grammatical structures, which is independent of the complexity of the structures.

What is 'I plus one' in the context of Krashen's Input Hypothesis?

'I plus one' in the Input Hypothesis refers to the idea that learners acquire language by receiving input that is slightly beyond their current level of proficiency, where 'I' represents the current level and 'plus one' indicates the input should be marginally more advanced.

What are the effective filters in Krashen's model?

Effective filters are emotional barriers in Krashen's model that prevent learners from receiving input. Learners need to be comfortable to effectively receive and process the input.

How does the absence of comprehensible input affect second language acquisition according to Krashen?

The absence of comprehensible input makes second language acquisition impossible, as it is a necessary condition for the acquisition process to take place.

What role does the first language play in second language acquisition according to Krashen's model?

The effects of the first language are limited in second language acquisition because the process is guided by universal and internal processes, rather than being heavily influenced by the first language.

How does instruction affect second language acquisition in Krashen's model?

In Krashen's model, the effects of instruction are limited as long as there is comprehensible input. Instruction mainly contributes to the development of learned knowledge, which is separate from the acquisition process.

What is the relationship between language output and acquisition according to Krashen?

According to Krashen, language output is the result of acquisition, not the cause. It is the input that drives the acquisition process, and output does not affect the process positively or negatively.