Lesson 32 Good example of a data presentation
Summary
TLDRThis presentation guide offers a structured approach to crafting effective data-driven presentations. It emphasizes simplicity in the title slide, the importance of dating presentations for context, and using a narrative to engage audiences. It introduces data visually, avoiding clutter, and suggests using animations and annotations to direct attention. The script discusses analyzing European demographic and economic data to understand happiness levels, using heat maps and scatter plots to illustrate findings. It concludes that wealth, health, and happiness are correlated, noting the need for further analysis to determine causality, and stresses the importance of storytelling in data presentation.
Takeaways
- 🗓️ Always include the date on the title slide to provide context for when the presentation was made and the circumstances surrounding it.
- 📝 Start with a clear purpose statement to set the stage for what the presentation is about and what story the data will tell.
- 📊 Use a visual on the first slide without text to introduce the audience to the data set without overwhelming them with information.
- 🔍 Introduce the data set and its components (e.g., demographic, economic data points) before diving into specific analysis.
- 🎨 Use color and design consistently to help the audience follow the presentation's theme and make it visually coherent.
- 👀 Utilize animations and annotations to direct the audience's attention to specific parts of the visual as you discuss them.
- 📉 Explain the visuals, especially complex ones like scatter plots, in depth the first time they are used to ensure the audience understands the analysis.
- 📝 Keep text on slides short and concise, using it only to highlight the main points being discussed to avoid distraction.
- 🔗 Ensure smooth transitions between slides to maintain the flow of the presentation and to guide the audience through the content logically.
- 📈 Use correlation coefficients to quantify the relationship between variables and explain these concepts in a simplified manner for better understanding.
- 🔑 Conclude with clear findings that tie back to the initial purpose, such as the relationship between wealth, health, and happiness, and suggest areas for future analysis.
Q & A
What is the importance of including the date on the title slide of a presentation?
-The date on the title slide is crucial as it provides context and allows for the analysis to be placed within a specific timeframe. It helps the audience to understand the circumstances under which the presentation was made, and is useful for future reference or when the presentation is shared within a company.
Why is it essential to start a presentation with a clear purpose statement?
-A clear purpose statement at the beginning of a presentation sets the context and informs the audience about the main topic and objectives of the presentation. It helps to focus the audience's attention and expectations on what the presentation aims to achieve.
What role does storytelling play in a data-driven presentation?
-Storytelling in a data-driven presentation helps to engage the audience by presenting data in a narrative format. It makes the data more relatable and easier to understand, allowing the audience to follow the analysis and insights more effectively.
Why is it recommended to keep the title slide simple with just the title, presenter, and date?
-A simple title slide helps to avoid clutter and ensures that the audience can quickly grasp the main topic and who is presenting. It also emphasizes the importance of the date, providing a clear reference point for when the analysis was conducted.
What is the significance of the conclusion slide in a presentation?
-The conclusion slide is significant as it summarizes the main findings of the presentation and provides recommendations if applicable. It helps to reinforce the key points and leaves a lasting impression on the audience.
How can animations be effectively used in a presentation to enhance understanding?
-Animations can be used to direct the audience's attention to specific parts of a slide as the presenter discusses them. They can also help to prevent the audience from becoming overwhelmed or distracted by introducing new concepts gradually.
What is the purpose of the appendix in a presentation?
-The appendix in a presentation serves as a supplementary section where additional information, data visuals, and context that do not fit within the main flow of the presentation can be included. It provides a comprehensive resource for those who seek more detail.
Why is it important to introduce the data set before diving into the analysis in a presentation?
-Introducing the data set before the analysis ensures that the audience has a clear understanding of the source and nature of the data being presented. This foundation is crucial for the audience to follow and trust the subsequent analysis and conclusions.
How should scatter plots be used in a presentation to effectively communicate data relationships?
-Scatter plots should be introduced and explained in detail the first time they are used to ensure the audience understands the axes and what is being compared. Once understood, they can be used to visually represent correlations and relationships between different data points.
What is the role of annotations in guiding the audience's attention during a presentation?
-Annotations serve as visual cues that guide the audience's gaze and attention to specific parts of a visual or data set as the presenter discusses them. They help to clarify what is being shown and ensure that the audience is focusing on the right aspect of the presentation.
Why is it important to maintain a logical flow when transitioning between slides in a presentation?
-A logical flow in transitioning between slides helps to keep the audience engaged and ensures that they can follow the progression of the presentation. It also signals the end of one topic and the beginning of another, providing a clear structure to the presentation.
How can the presenter use the correlation coefficient to explain relationships between variables in a data set?
-The presenter can use the correlation coefficient to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. By explaining what the values close to +1, -1, and 0 represent, the presenter can help the audience understand the degree of correlation and its implications.
What are the key takeaways from the analysis presented in the script?
-The key takeaways are that wealthier countries tend to have higher average happiness levels, healthier countries also tend to have a happier population, and that wealth, health, and happiness appear to be interconnected. However, it is also noted that correlation does not imply causation and further analysis is needed to understand causal relationships.
What is the final recommendation for future analysis based on the presented data?
-The final recommendation is to conduct further analysis to understand the causal effects between wealth, health, and happiness, as the current analysis only shows correlation and not causation.
Outlines
📅 Presentation Structure and Data Storytelling
The speaker introduces the framework for an effective presentation, emphasizing the importance of a simple title slide with essential information like the presentation title, presenter, and date. The purpose of the presentation is outlined as a story with data, including a clear beginning, development, and conclusion with recommendations if applicable. The speaker also highlights the significance of including the date for future reference and context. The presentation flow is detailed, starting with a transition slide that sets the stage for the topics to be discussed, followed by a table of contents to guide the audience through the presentation.
🗺️ Visualizing Data for Clear Communication
The speaker discusses the approach to presenting data visually, starting with a clean slide that introduces the dataset without overwhelming text. The dataset is described as containing demographic and economic indicators for European countries, collected between 2015 and 2017. The use of a heat map is introduced to represent happiness scores, with annotations and animations suggested as tools to guide the audience's attention and understanding. The speaker emphasizes the importance of explaining visuals thoroughly before delving into analysis, ensuring that the audience is familiar with the data representation and the analysis process.
📊 Analyzing Correlations with Demographics and Economics
The speaker continues with the presentation's analytical phase, using scatter plots to explore potential correlations between happiness and various factors such as population size, health, and GDP. The importance of explaining new concepts, such as correlation coefficients, in a simplified manner is highlighted to ensure audience comprehension. The speaker also stresses the significance of smooth transitions between slides to maintain audience engagement and understanding of the presentation's progression. Findings from the analysis, such as the lack of correlation between happiness and population, and the positive correlation between happiness, health, and GDP, are summarized.
💡 Drawing Conclusions and Discussing Future Research
The speaker concludes the presentation by summarizing the findings that wealthier and healthier countries tend to have higher happiness levels. The conclusion emphasizes the interrelation between wealth, health, and happiness, while also acknowledging the need for further research to understand causality. The speaker advises on the importance of discussing limitations and future analysis to address potential questions arising from the presentation. The final slide is reserved for questions, marking the end of the presentation and inviting audience interaction.
🎨 The Art of Data Storytelling
In the final paragraph, the speaker reflects on the art of data storytelling, reminding the audience that while tools and frameworks can guide the presentation layout, it is the presenter's personality and analytical skills that bring the data to life. The speaker encourages presenters to infuse their own style and expertise into their presentations to help the audience better understand the analytics and insights being shared.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Presentation
💡Title Slide
💡Purpose Statement
💡Storytelling
💡Data Visualization
💡Correlation
💡Demographic Data
💡Economic Data
💡Animations
💡Annotations
💡Conclusion
💡Causality
Highlights
The importance of including the date in a presentation slide for future reference and context.
The presentation should tell a story with data, starting with a clear purpose statement.
The structure of a presentation includes a title slide, transition slides, data presentation, conclusion, and appendix.
Use of animations to direct audience attention and prevent distraction during data introduction.
Annotations on visuals can guide the audience's gaze and focus.
The presenter introduces the data set and its relevance before displaying text on slides.
The use of a heat map to represent happiness scores by country.
Lack of correlation between geographical location and happiness levels.
The significance of transition in maintaining the flow of a presentation.
Explaining scatter plots and their axes to the audience for clarity.
Finding little to no correlation between happiness and population size.
The introduction of demographic and economic factors in analyzing happiness.
A positive correlation found between happiness and health, explained with a correlation coefficient.
The relationship between GDP, health, and happiness, with stronger correlations as we move from health to GDP.
Wealthier countries tend to have a higher average happiness level, suggesting a link between wealth, health, and happiness.
The need for future analysis to understand causal effects between wealth, health, and happiness.
The conclusion that storytelling with data is an art, requiring personal input and skill in data analytics.
Transcripts
[Music]
so now that you know what not to do
i'm going to walk you through how i
would tackle a presentation
so to start you can see the title slide
is a lot simpler we have a title
we have who is presenting and we have
when it occurred
now i do want to talk a little bit about
the date at the bottom which is an
important factor that you shouldn't
forget to include
you may come back to this presentation a
few months later
even a year later or this may be
disseminated across your
company it's important to know that
when this analysis took place and
why and what were the circumstances of
it and a big part of that is
what were the circumstances of the
company at the time that this was
actually presented
so the next slide is giving an idea of
what you're going to be presenting to
everyone and when
so you start with your purpose statement
you're going to be discussing
what are we talking about the next
aspect is
where you actually tell your story and
that's an important concept is this
overall presentation is a story with
data
and finally you have your conclusion
slide you're going
to be very clear that this is the
conclusion this is where you're going to
add recommendations if this is in a
business context
and then you'll have your appendix where
you can have an additional
information on data data visuals as well
as
overall context for the presentation
that may not
work within the overall flow itself
so our transition slide what are we
talking about
so this is where you let the audience
know what we're talking about
what are we trying to tell them what are
all the slides that are following this
going to be driving towards
so when we look at this slide i'm trying
to
identify if there are geographic
demographic
and or economic factors that contribute
to a happier life
that is the purpose of the overall
presentation
so everybody now in the room knows this
and that is what they're going to be
thinking about as you present all of the
data to them
next section on our table of contents
present the data
it is important to mention these will
probably have different titles as you
build them out
but this is the topic that we're moving
into
so you'll recognize this visual from the
messy slide
but it has a different color context
that's not as important but what is
important is when you get here
you have a title on the slide you have a
visual
but there is no text and this is an
important aspect to it
is what we're trying to do is
walk and introduce the audience to the
overall data that you're going to be
using
now this is the first slide that has any
form of
content on it so it's important that you
introduce them
to the underlying data and seeing as the
data is all about
geographic demographic and economic data
points for each country
it's important that the visual
represents that
if i were to be the presenter on a slide
like this i would start by
getting to this slide and explaining the
process and data that we're looking at
so we analyzed data set consisting of
data collected from residents
of european countries between 2015 and
2017.
the data contained demographic and
economic data
for individuals within each country
including population
gdp or gross domestic product
and a happiness score per person so i've
now
introduced them to the data set there's
still no text
so they know that they should be looking
at the visual and listening to me
now the next aspect which is can be
over utilized but i've also seen
underutilized is using animations in
your presentation
animations can be used as a way to
direct your audience's attention
as you speak a way to say look over here
at this area of the slide as i'm talking
it also allows them not to get too
bogged down or distracted
as you're introducing new concepts to
them because remember as you're
introducing data that
technical components may be new to a lot
of people and finally
another way to do this is through
annotations on top of visuals that can
be used as another form of directing
their gaze and their overall attention
so putting these together we can have
something like an annotation appear
as you're discussing it so if we were
trying to explain what the visual is
showing
we have an annotation that pops up that
says happiness score
and points to the score within the
specific country and we can explain
exactly
what the visual is showing so in this
way we could say something like
we began by creating a heat map of the
happiness score for each country
where the number within each country
represents
the overall score and the colors
represent
how high or how low the score is on a
scale so
the darker blue the country is the
higher the numeric
happiness score for that country the
deeper red
that the country is the lower the
happiness score
and overall numeric value so what we've
done
before any text has appeared on the
screen is explain the visual
explain the overall data that they're
going to be looking at throughout the
presentation
so that they now can understand when we
dive into this specific analysis
so it's important that you only use text
on the screen
in a short and concise manner to
highlight the main points that you're
discussing
so after i introduce the visual
i can now dive into the analysis so we
have our first bullet point
happiness levels vary widely by country
so with this
as it appears my speaker notes can be
something along the lines of
however as high and low scores are
spread sporadically throughout the map
there is little correlation that we find
between geographical location and
happiness
finally we concluded that the
geographical location alone was not a
strong indicator of happiness
so as you can see as i'm discussing and
as i'm explaining what we were looking
at within the data
the overall text on the screen only
populated as i began to discuss it so
the audience knew exactly where to look
and exactly what to be listening to when
i'm talking
a very important aspect of the flow of
the overall presentation
is the transition from one slide to the
next so
as i'm discussing this you can use a
bullet point you can use your speaker
notes either way there should be some
transition
from one slide to the next so that you
the audience knows that
this part is over and they know what's
coming next so
for this slide i used my speaker note so
i'm going to explain the transition
something like our next step was to
identify the
demographic and economic differences
between the higher and lower countries
to isolate
the correlated features between them so
we get to the next slide
very common theme it may be a different
visual but the
overall title and where the text is
going to show up
is going to be in the same place so we
familiarize them with the overall theme
of the presentation within
three slides now the title immediately
tells what we're going to be discussing
the previous one was geographic this one
is all based on population
as we move through this slide and as you
saw in the messy example we use a lot of
scatter plots
and scatter plots may not always be the
best option
because they are rather difficult for
people to follow within presentations
but if you explain it to them once so
that they understand
you can use them throughout the
presentation because you've familiarized
them with it
so because it's the first time it popped
up it's important that you explain the
visual in depth and all the features of
it that you will be
talking about later throughout the
presentation we use animations again
we talk about what are the axes on the
scatter plot
we created a scatter plot in which we
plotted countries based on their
happiness score
and the population to see if there was a
correlation between the two
the higher up something is on the
scatter plot the happier
the country is the further to the right
that the country is plotted the larger
the population
and the line that goes between the two
is testing for
correlation or if these two different
points
are related to one another so these
annotations and these animations are
there to clarify what the chart is
plotting
now the overall purpose is that we are
attempting to identify if there is a
relationship
between the population size of the
country and the overall happiness score
so now that you have explained what this
visual is you can now dive into the
results of it
now this slide itself has one bullet
point
it is the results of the overall
analysis that you can find
just based on the data visual we found
that there was little to no correlation
between happiness and population
based on the analysis that we ran so all
discussion and in-depth explanation of
the visual
is kept in the speaking notes besides
the overall annotations
and again the transition is very
important to the next slide so
you can say something like so next we
dove into the specific demographics of
each country to see if we can identify
the features
that separate or correlate with the
overall happiness of the country
again same thing we have the title
we know what we're going to be talking
about now this is now the health of each
country and how it correlates with
happiness
we have a scatter plot again except the
good news is
you've already introduced what the
scatter plot is and what you are
comparing on there
so now the audience has been
familiarized with the data set you don't
have to go through and explain
exactly what the visual is representing
you can dive into
the overall differences or analysis that
you're going to be presenting on this
slide
you can have something explaining that
we found
a positive correlation between happiness
and health
or overall life expectancy of the
country
now we found this because the
correlation coefficient
between the two different factors being
happiness
and health was 0.50
now you just introduced a new concept
this is where you have
to now explain the new concept
because otherwise you may lose people in
the room this is a
technical component to your overall
analysis and it is important component
so it is
critical that you do explain what it is
but in a simplified way so that
everybody understands
so you can say something along the lines
of a correlation coefficient
is a measure of strength and direction
of the linear relationship
between two variables so in other words
the closer to
one that the number is the more
positively correlated they are meaning
when
one of the variables goes up so does the
other one
the closer to negative one that the
number is
the more negatively correlated they are
meaning as
one of the variables such as happiness
goes up
that the other variable like health
would go down
and the closer to zero it is it means
they are not correlated at all which is
what we saw
between population and happiness and
means that they have no relationship
together so
we've now explained exactly what it is
that we used as an analysis on this
specific slide
and it's important again that we discuss
the transition to the next
so we did find that there was a positive
correlation between happiness and health
but the question remains are happy
people healthy
or are healthy people happy we know that
they are related but we don't know what
causes the other
and finally what contributes to a longer
life expectancy
if we know that longer life expectancy
is related to happiness what is it that
helps
create longer life expectancy within a
country
now these are the two questions that we
need to answer before the end of the
presentation moving on from here
so again we are creating a logical flow
as we move through this presentation
now we are looking at a new concept
wealth
within each country now that you are
using such as the scatter plot are
familiar with the audience
it's okay now that you add in additional
ones
so you can say something along the lines
of we then
analyzed how gdp or the overall
economic status of the country relates
to the overall health of the country
because if we know that gdp is related
to health
and we know that health is related to
happiness then we can
infer additional information through
that
so we found that there is a strong
correlation
between gross domestic product and the
overall health
of a specific country with a 0.7
correlation coefficient so higher
than the overall correlation coefficient
for
health and happiness next we found
an even stronger correlation between gdp
and happiness so whereas we first looked
at health and happiness and then
gdp and health we're now looking at gdp
and happiness and found that it has the
highest
correlation coefficient between all
three of those comparisons
so we have a conclusion within just this
slide which is
we found that richer countries have a
higher average happiness level
this is a good transition to the overall
conclusion of now your entire
presentation
so again you're directing your audience
through just presenting the text that
you want them to look at
your first conclusion from your overall
presentation
wealthier countries and ones that have
sustained
economic growth tend to have a higher
average happiness level your second
conclusion
healthier countries also tend to have a
happier population
however healthier countries also tend to
be wealthy
and finally this is where you take it
home so our evidence suggests that
wealth
health and happiness all go together
it's important to also discuss any
caveats or future analysis that needs to
be ran to answer the questions that may
come up
based on this analysis so we have said
that
the evidence suggests that wealth health
and happiness all go together
but that does not mean that one causes
the other
so there needs to be future analysis to
understand any causal effects between
them
and then you have your final slide and
this is where questions would come in
so it's important to remember that data
storytelling is an
art what we've given you is some
high-level overview and examples of what
not to do
and an improved version but don't be
afraid to put yourself in there
the overall presentation style is going
to come from your personality and skill
set within data analytics
you can use the tools that we use to
help you build
the layout of your presentation but
it's up to you to really put a lot of
yourself into it
and a lot of your own skills to help
people understand the overall analytics
that you've run
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