LAMBANG KEPALANGMERAHAN

PMI TV

21 Sept 202303:41

Summary

TLDRThe video script explains the history and significance of the Red Cross emblem, starting from its adoption in 1864 to protect military medical units. It details how Turkey and Iran adopted different symbols like the Red Crescent and the Red Lion and Sun, and introduces the Red Crystal added in 2005. The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) was established in 1945 and recognized internationally in 1950. The script emphasizes the legal protections for the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia, including penalties for misuse, while affirming the public's ability to engage in humanitarian activities.

Takeaways

🏥 The Red Cross emblem is a symbol with a specific meaning and function, representing medical military unity.
📜 In the mid-18th century, medical military units lacked a common emblem, often becoming targets on the battlefield.
📍 The 1864 Geneva diplomatic conference adopted the Red Cross emblem on a white background to distinguish medical military units and ensure their neutrality.
🌙 In 1876, the Ottoman Empire used the Red Crescent emblem as an alternative to the Red Cross.
📝 In 1929, a diplomatic conference adopted the Red Lion and Sun as an additional emblem at the request of Turkey, Persia, and Egypt.
🔄 After the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1980, the Red Crescent replaced the Red Lion and Sun as its emblem.
🔺 In 2005, a protocol was ratified to recognize the Red Crystal as an emblem with equal status to the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
🌍 Currently, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem, 34 countries use the Red Crescent, and one country uses the Red Crystal.
🇮🇩 The Indonesian Red Cross, known as PMI, was established on September 17, 1945, and is recognized internationally by the ICRC and IFRC since 1950.
📜 The Indonesian Red Cross is legally established as the only national society in Indonesia through Law No. 1 of 2018, which also affirms Indonesia's official choice of the Red Cross emblem used by military health units and PMI.
🛡 The Red Cross emblem serves as a protective and identification symbol, used exclusively by the national society, PMI, and can be used by military medical units and civilian health facilities with permission from the military commander.
🚫 The misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations for profit is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of Rp10 billion under Indonesian law.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Red Cross emblem?
-The Red Cross emblem is a symbol that represents neutrality and protection for medical military units, adopted to distinguish them during conflicts and to ensure their safety.
When was the Red Cross emblem first adopted?
-The Red Cross emblem was first adopted in 1864 during a diplomatic conference in Geneva, Switzerland.
Why did the Ottoman Empire use a different emblem?
-In 1876, the Ottoman Empire used the Red Crescent emblem as an alternative to the Red Cross to align with their cultural and religious identity.
What emblems were adopted at the 1929 diplomatic conference?
-The 1929 diplomatic conference adopted the Red Crescent and the Red Lion and Sun as additional emblems to accommodate the requests of Turkey, Iran, and Egypt.
When did Iran change its emblem from the Red Lion and Sun to the Red Crescent?
-After becoming the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1980, the Red Crescent emblem replaced the Red Lion and Sun as its official emblem.
What is the status of the Crystal Red emblem?
-The Crystal Red emblem, adopted in 2005, has equal status with the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems, providing an additional option for national societies.
How many countries use the Red Cross emblem?
-As of the script's information, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem.
How many countries use the Red Crescent emblem?
-34 countries use the Red Crescent emblem.
What is the history of the Indonesian Red Cross, known as PMI?
-The Indonesian Red Cross, or PMI, was established on September 17, 1945, with the first chairman being Dres Muhammad Hatta, and it was recognized internationally by the ICRC and IFRC in 1950.
What is the legal status of PMI in Indonesia?
-PMI's legal status in Indonesia is reinforced as the only national society through Law No. 1 of 2018 concerning the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems.
What are the functions of the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia?
-In Indonesia, the Red Cross emblem serves as a protective and identification symbol for the national society PMI and is used exclusively by them, including during armed conflicts and for identifying personnel, vehicles, and facilities involved in humanitarian aid.
What are the penalties for misuse of the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia?
-The misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations for profit can result in a maximum prison sentence of 10 years and a maximum fine of Rp10 billion.
Does the Red Cross and Red Crescent law in Indonesia restrict humanitarian activities by the public?
-No, the law does not prohibit or limit the public from conducting humanitarian activities; it specifically regulates the operation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems by PMI in collaboration with the community.

Outlines

00:00

🏥 Origin and Significance of the Red Cross Emblem

This paragraph discusses the historical development and importance of the Red Cross emblem. It explains that before the 18th century, military medical units lacked a common emblem, making them vulnerable to attacks. The 1864 Geneva Convention adopted the Red Cross on a white background as a protective symbol for these units. The Ottoman Empire later used a red crescent moon emblem, which was officially recognized in 1929. The red lion and sun were also adopted as an alternative emblem upon the request of Turkey, Persia, and Egypt. The emblems underwent further changes, with Iran adopting the red crescent in place of the red lion and sun in 1980. The Red Crystal emblem was recognized in 2005 as an additional emblem with equal status. Presently, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem, 34 use the red crescent moon, and one uses the Red Crystal.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Emblem

An emblem is a symbol or sign that has a specific meaning and function. In the context of the video, the Red Cross emblem is a symbol of neutrality and protection for medical military units. The script mentions that in the mid-19th century, medical military units lacked a common emblem, making them targets on the battlefield. The 1864 Geneva Convention adopted the Red Cross emblem on a white background to represent neutrality and ensure protection.

💡Red Cross

The Red Cross is an international humanitarian organization known for providing aid in conflicts and disasters. The script discusses the origin of the Red Cross emblem and its adoption by the 1864 Geneva Convention. It also touches on the historical development of the emblem, including the Ottoman Empire's use of the Red Crescent and the addition of the Red Lion and Sun as alternative emblems in 1929.

💡Geneva Convention

The Geneva Conventions are a series of international treaties that provide the framework for the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and internal conflicts. The script refers to the 1864 Geneva Convention, which was significant for adopting the Red Cross emblem to distinguish medical military units and ensure their protection.

💡Neutrality

Neutrality in the context of the video refers to the impartial stance of medical military units during conflicts. The Red Cross emblem was adopted to reflect this neutrality and to guarantee protection for these units. The script explains that the emblem's purpose is to ensure that medical units are not targeted during warfare.

💡Red Crescent

The Red Crescent is an alternative emblem to the Red Cross, used predominantly by Muslim-majority countries. The script mentions that the Ottoman Empire began using the Red Crescent emblem in 1876 as a replacement for the Red Cross, and it was later adopted by the 1929 diplomatic conference as a recognized symbol alongside the Red Cross.

💡Red Lion and Sun

The Red Lion and Sun is another emblem that was adopted by the 1929 diplomatic conference as a distinctive sign for Iran, Iraq, and Egypt, in response to their request. The script notes that after Iran became the Islamic Republic, the Red Lion and Sun was replaced by the Red Crescent in 1980.

💡Red Crystal

The Red Crystal is a third emblem that was recognized in 2005 by an additional protocol to the Geneva Conventions, granting it equal status with the Red Cross and Red Crescent. The script indicates that the Red Crystal was introduced to accommodate cultural sensitivities and to provide an additional emblem option for national societies.

💡Indonesian Red Cross (PMI)

The Indonesian Red Cross, known as PMI (from its Indonesian name Palang Merah Indonesia), was established on September 17, 1945. The script explains that PMI was formed by the order of President Soekarno and is recognized internationally by the ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) and IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). PMI is the only national society in Indonesia with legal status to carry out humanitarian activities.

💡Protection and Identification

The script discusses the dual function of the Red Cross emblem as both a protective sign and an identification mark. As a protective sign, it is used during armed conflicts by military medical units and can also be used by hospital staff and civilian transport with permission from the military commander. As an identification mark, it signifies personnel, vehicles, and facilities of official institutions providing aid during unrest and security disturbances.

💡Legislation

The script mentions the 2018 Indonesian law on the Red Cross emblem, which strengthens PMI's legal status and emphasizes that Indonesia officially chooses the Red Cross emblem used by military health units and PMI. The law also provides protection against misuse of the emblem by individuals, groups, institutions, and corporations for profit, with penalties including up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of 10 billion rupiah.

💡Humanitarian Activities

Humanitarian activities refer to efforts aimed at providing aid and assistance to people in need, often during crises or conflicts. The script highlights that the 2018 law on the Red Cross emblem does not restrict the general public from engaging in humanitarian activities but specifically regulates the management of the emblem by PMI in collaboration with the community.

Highlights

A symbol or emblem is a sign with meaning and function, such as the Red Cross emblem.

In the mid-18th century, military medical units lacked a common emblem, often becoming targets on the battlefield.

The 1864 Geneva diplomatic conference adopted the Red Cross emblem on a white background to represent military medical units.

The emblem reflects neutrality and ensures protection for the units.

In 1876, the Ottoman Empire used the Red Crescent emblem as an alternative to the Red Cross.

The 1929 diplomatic conference adopted the Red Crescent and Red Lion and Sun as distinguishing emblems at the request of Turkey, Persia, and Egypt.

After Persia became the Republic of Iran in 1980, the Red Lion and Sun emblem was replaced by the Red Crescent.

The 2005 emblem proposal was approved, adding the Red Crystal emblem with equal status to the previous two emblems.

Currently, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem, 34 countries use the Red Crescent, and one country uses the Red Crystal.

In Indonesia, the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) was established on September 17, 1945, with the first chairman being Dres Muhammad Hatta.

PMI was formed by order of President Soekarno and recognized internationally by the ICRC and IFRC in 1950.

PMI's legal status as the only national society in Indonesia was strengthened through Law No. 1 of 2018 on the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems.

The Red Cross emblem serves as a protective and identification symbol, used only by the national PMI organization.

The protective symbol is used by military medical units during armed conflict and can also be used by hospital medical staff and civilian transport with permission from the TNI Commander.

The identification symbol serves as a marker for personnel, vehicles, and facilities of official institutions providing assistance during riots and security disturbances.

Use of the emblem by others besides PMI requires written permission from the PMI central management.

The emblem regulation in law provides broader protection and access for PMI or others participating in humanitarian activities.

Misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations for profit can result in a maximum 10-year prison sentence and a maximum fine of Rp10 billion.

The Red Cross and Red Crescent law does not prohibit or limit the public from conducting humanitarian activities but specifically regulates the management of the emblems by PMI in collaboration with the community.