Every Lying Signal Explained in 11 minutes | How to Catch a Liar
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the telltale signs of deception, highlighting how liars exhibit negative expressions, fidget, and display nervous behaviors like blinking more often. It discusses 'Duping Delight', a positive emotion experienced by certain personalities when lying. The transcript also covers timing issues in gestures, responsibility shifts, and changes in eye contact and pupil dilation. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a baseline to identify deviations and advises against relying on single indicators, stressing the need for a comprehensive assessment to suspect dishonesty.
Takeaways
- 😠 Liars often exhibit negative facial expressions, such as frowning and sneering, and may raise their chin as a sign of deception.
- 😰 Liars tend to be more nervous and tense, with specific signals like fidgeting and increased blinking, especially when lying about moral violations.
- 😈 'Duping delight' is a positive emotion some liars display when anticipating, during, or after lying, and is more common in individuals with Dark Triad personalities.
- 🕺 Liars may have poorly timed physical gestures that do not match their words, similar to an untrained actor.
- 💰 Liars frequently mention responsibility for behavior, either by accepting blame, blaming others, offering excuses, or denying participation.
- 👀 Eye contact can be a sign of lying if it involves looking away or averting gaze more often, especially in cases of moral violations.
- 👁 Pupil dilation can be an indicator of lying, but it's essential to consider it in context with other signals as pupils can also dilate due to other emotions.
- 🤔 Liars' stories may be less logically structured and plausible, particularly if they haven't had time to prepare their lies.
- 📉 Liars are generally less expressive, with less emphasis on words, less intense facial expressions, and fewer hand movements.
- 😖 A liar's facial expression may show less symmetry and conflicting emotions, with the true emotion often found around the eyes.
- ⏱ Liars may have different response latencies, either responding quickly if they prepared their lie or slowly if they are caught off guard.
- 🎵 Liars might speak at a higher pitch than usual, which can be observed or measured using various instruments.
Q & A
What is a common facial expression that liars make according to the script?
-Liars often make a specific negative facial expression known as the 'chin raise,' where the chin and the lower lip are pushed upwards.
How do liars typically behave when they are nervous or tense?
-Liars tend to fidget with objects, their bodies, or faces more than truth tellers, and they may also blink more often, especially when lying about a moral violation.
What is 'Duping Delight' and which personalities are more likely to display it?
-Duping Delight is a positive emotion experienced in anticipation of, during, or after a lie is told. Dark Triad personalities, such as narcissists, machiavellians, and psychopaths, are more likely to display it.
How can the timing of physical gestures indicate lying?
-Liars often make badly timed physical gestures, such as gestures appearing before their words or the opposite, similar to an untrained actor.
What does the script suggest about a liar's tendency to mention responsibility for behavior?
-Liars will mention responsibility for behavior more often, which can include accepting responsibility, blaming others, offering excuses or justifications, or denying participation in the behavior.
How does eye contact change when someone is lying about a moral violation?
-When lying about a moral violation, a liar is more likely to look away or avert their gaze and look down, possibly due to feeling shame.
What does pupil dilation indicate in the context of lying?
-Pupil dilation can indicate lying, but it's important to observe it in context with other signs of lying, as pupils can also dilate for reasons such as fear, anger, excitement, or sexual arousal.
Why are the stories of liars often less logically structured?
-Liars often have less logically structured stories, particularly if they do not have time to plan their lie, and even if they remain logical, their responses may be less plausible and realistic.
What is the significance of establishing a person's baseline in detecting lies?
-Establishing a person's baseline helps in detecting deviations that might indicate lying, as most signs of lying are compared to the specific baseline of the person being observed.
How does the use of pronouns differ between liars and truth tellers?
-Liars tend to use more second and third person pronouns or omit pronouns altogether, while truth tellers include more first-person pronouns and use demonstrative references that indicate proximity.
What is the relationship between a liar's talk speed and the nature of the lie?
-Liars may talk more quickly when the lie is about violating moral standards or when they feel fear of being caught, but they may talk more slowly if they have to come up with their lie on the spot.
Why is it important to consider multiple signs of lying rather than just one or two?
-Relying on just one or two signs can lead to inaccurate assessments, as many signs of lying are needed to make a reasonable conclusion, and no single sign can be 100% conclusive.
Outlines
😠 Behavioral Signs of Lying
This paragraph discusses various behavioral cues that may indicate lying. It covers the negative expressions and body language such as the chin raise and fidgeting, which are common among liars. It also touches on the concept of 'Duping Delight,' where certain personalities like narcissists and psychopaths may show pleasure in lying. Additionally, it highlights the issue of timing inconsistencies in gestures and speech, the tendency of liars to take responsibility in different ways, and the changes in eye contact and pupil dilation that may accompany deception. The paragraph also notes the importance of observing a person's baseline behavior to identify deviations that could suggest lying.
🤔 Detecting Lies Through Verbal and Non-Verbal Cues
The second paragraph delves into the verbal and non-verbal signs of lying. It mentions how liars might press their lips together, buy time by asking for question repetitions, or deny knowledge to avoid lying directly. It also discusses the avoidance of uncertain language by liars and how they tend to be less expressive in their speech and facial expressions. The paragraph highlights the importance of looking for asymmetry in facial expressions and immediate corrections in a liar's narrative. It also covers response latency, pitch of voice, and the amount of detail provided by a person when they are lying, as well as the use of pronouns and the tendency for liars to speak less as an interaction progresses.
📉 Analyzing Speech Patterns and Interaction Behavior in Lies
This paragraph focuses on the speech patterns and interaction behaviors that may suggest someone is lying. It talks about the tendency of liars to derail from the main topic or talk about unrelated matters to maintain narrative balance. The paragraph also discusses how the speed of speech can change when lying, especially under stress or fear. Furthermore, it points out that liars are generally less cooperative and may show frustration when asked to assist or repeat information. The paragraph concludes with advice on using bundles of signs to detect lying effectively, emphasizing the importance of establishing a baseline, not relying on single signs, and being cautious with conclusions due to the impossibility of absolute certainty without concrete evidence.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Complainer
💡Nervous Nelly
💡Duping Delight
💡Timing Problem
💡Responsibility
💡Eye Contact
💡Pupil Dilation
💡Nonsense
💡Good Liars
💡Defensive
💡Buy Time
Highlights
Complainers and liars tend to exhibit more negative facial expressions, such as frowning and sneering, and may raise their chins as a specific sign of deception.
Liars often appear more nervous and tense, with observable physical signals that suggest dishonesty.
Duping delight is a positive emotion experienced by certain individuals, particularly those with Dark Triad personalities, in anticipation of or after lying.
Liars may display poorly timed physical gestures that do not align with their speech, similar to an untrained actor.
Liars frequently mention responsibility for behavior, often in the form of accepting responsibility, blaming others, or offering excuses and justifications.
Eye contact is not a reliable indicator of lying, except in cases of moral violations where the liar may avert their gaze more often.
Pupil dilation can be a sign of lying, but it is important to consider other contextual factors as pupils can also dilate due to fear, anger, excitement, or sexual arousal.
Liars often provide less logically structured stories and may give responses that are implausible or unrealistic.
Establishing a person's baseline behavior is crucial for identifying deviations that may indicate lying.
People who believe they are good liars tend to lie more often.
When lying, individuals' modes of communication, such as words, facial expressions, gestures, and voice tone, may not match.
Liars are generally more defensive compared to truth-tellers, who may be more offensive if accused.
Liars may attempt to buy time to think by using phrases like 'That's a good question' or by repeating the question back.
Liars often do not admit to a lack of memory or use words that show uncertainty, such as 'maybe' or 'possibly'.
Liars tend to be less expressive, with less intense facial expressions and fewer hand movements when speaking.
False emotions can produce asymmetric facial expressions, with the true emotion often found around the eyes.
Liars are less likely to make immediate corrections to their statements without being prompted.
Response latency, the time between the end of a question and the beginning of an answer, can indicate if a person is lying, with prepared liars responding more quickly and unprepared liars taking longer.
A liar may speak at a higher pitch than usual, which can be measured using various instruments or observed directly.
Liars generally provide fewer details in their stories, especially relevant details about people, places, actions, objects, events, and timing.
Liars tend to use more second and third person pronouns, or omit pronouns altogether, while truth-tellers use more first-person pronouns.
Liars may spend less time talking in proportion to the total length of the interaction and provide shorter responses over time.
A liar may attempt to derail the conversation by focusing on unrelated topics or changing the subject to avoid discussing the lie.
Liars may speak more quickly when lying about moral violations or when feeling fear of being caught, but may speak more slowly if fabricating a lie on the spot.
Liars are generally less cooperative and helpful when asked to perform tasks or repeat information.
To effectively use these signs of lying, establish a baseline, look for multiple deviations, and remember that no single sign can provide absolute certainty.
Transcripts
Complainer. Liars complain and make negative comments more often, even their facial
expressions are more negative. They frown and sneer more frequently. The chin raise, where the
chin and the lower lip are pushed upwards, is a specific negative facial expression liars make.
Nervous Nelly. Liars seem more nervous and tense. Specific signals were observed. I need to figure
out why you were there. Why your mom came? Kind of everything. She follows me, I used to take care of
her. You're not being honest about what happened. What happened to your mom? As a matter of fact, I'm
I'm pretty positive that I know that you're not being honest with me about what happened
to your mom. Liars fidget with objects, with their bodies, or faces more than truth tellers.
Liars also blink more often, especially when lying about a moral violation. Also look for
a hard swallow; it signals nervousness. Duping Delight. At night when I close my eyes, I can
see Christy reaching her hand out to me, while I'm driving, and the blood just keep coming out
of her mouth. And that maybe it'll fade too, with time. But I I don't think so that haunts me
Duping delight is any positive emotion that is experienced in anticipation of, during, or after
a lie is told. Recent studies showed that normal people do not typically display duping delight
but Dark Triad personalities like narcissists machiavellians and Psychopaths do. You might try
letting the suspect think you believe their lies then watching them for a smirk or signs of being
proud of successfully lying. Timing Problem. Liars make badly timed physical gestures for example,
Why did we have to meet those stupid people, right there, why did we have to meet them. I'm serious
why did we have to meet them. Now I can't go home again. Their physical gestures appear before their
words, or the opposite just like an untrained actor. Any false facial expressions they make
will start abruptly last longer than normal and end abruptly. Who's Responsible.
Okay we met up with these guys. We snuck into the house and I took the money; they shot somebody and I left.
Liars will mention responsibility for behavior more often. This includes accepting
responsibility, blaming others, offering excuses or justifications, or denying participation in the behavior.
Eye Contact. Neither increased nor decreased eye contact were found to be signs of
lying except, if the lie is about violating moral standards; in that case, the liar would look away
or avert their gaze more often and look down. These signs come from the liar feeling shame.
Pupil Dilation. The pupil, or that black circle in the middle of the eyes, gets bigger when someone is
lying. It is important to observe this in context and with other lying signals because pupils
can dilate for other reasons, like fear anger excitement or sexual arousal.
Nonsense. Liars will have less logically structured stories particularly if they do not have time to plan the lie.
Even if they remain logical, they often give responses that are less plausible and realistic.
The Normal. Observe and note what is normal for the person you suspect of lying notice. How fast they
talk, the pitch of their voice, their normal level of anxiety, their posture, and how expressive they are.
Are they more emotional or logical? What is normal for a given person is called their baseline
and most signs of lying presented here are used by comparing to the specific baseline of the person you're observing.
Good Liars. People who believe that they're good liars tend to lie more often.
Oh I might be a good liar, but I ain't stole nobody damn credit card. Doesn't Match.
When someone is lying, their modes of communication will not match. For example, their words will not match
their facial expressions. Their gestures will not match their words. Yes I do. Their voice tone will not
match what they're saying, like saying a statement but with the tone of a question. In the following
interrogation notice the raised voice tone at the end of each statement making it sound like a question.
How did it make you feel when you heard about her being killed? Yeah shocked? mhm
um non believing? um extremely sad? Defensive. A liar will be defensive in general while
someone telling the truth will be offensive if accused. More specifically researchers found that
liars will press their lips together and direct their body and head away from you when they lie.
Buy Time. When a liar did not have time to prepare for the lie or was surprised by one of
your questions they would attempt to buy time to think by using phrases like, "That's a good question."
or "Can you repeat the question?" or they simply repeat your question back to you. The Tea Party
guy. Yeah. Yeah. What do you know about him? What do I know about him? He's an arrogant [ __ ]. Do you know
anything about that? Do I know anything about that? Yeah. No, I don't know anything about it.
Won't Admit. I don't know what happened. I had good weather, unlimited visibility. After that it just all went fuzzy.
You blacked out? No ma'am I was fully conscious, but I got disoriented, lost track of time.
Next thing I knew, the aircraft was pointed at the ground Liars do not admit to lack of memory,
or use words that show uncertainty. So they avoid using words like "maybe" or "possibly" they also avoid
using phrases like "I think," "I don't remember clearly," or "I can't remember all the details."
Expressiveness. Liars are less expressive. For example they would not prolong words for emphasis.
If you ask them, did you cheat on the test, they would say "no" instead of "noooo." Also their facial
expressions are less intense, and they make fewer hand movements when they talk.
Lying Face. False emotions would produce a less symmetric facial expression compared to facial expressions coming
from true emotions. A false facial expression may also show one emotion around the mouth and nose
and a different emotion around the eyes. Typically, the true emotion is found around the eyes. However,
note that the person could actually be feeling conflicting emotions. Paul Ekman found that there
are 7 universal facial expressions across cultures while Dr. Alan Cowen found 16. I will
share these in another video, for now, look for fear on the face of a person who would suffer
serious bad consequences if they're caught lying, and look for sadness if the liar is likely to
feel guilty, like if they're lying to someone who trusts them, or lying about violating their moral standards.
Immediate Correction. Liars will not make corrections to what they said without
being prompted. they would not say something like, "I had coffee with a friend this morning, no sorry, that was yesterday morning."
Response Latency. Response latency is the time between the end
of your question and the beginning of their answer. Tell us about the fire. We got to call around 3:00 a.m. Researchers found
that a person that had a chance to prepare for telling a lie will respond to your questions
more quickly than someone telling the truth so they have a lower response latency. However,
an unprepared liar will take longer to respond than someone telling the truth. So beware if they
start responding more quickly or more slowly than normal. That Pitch. A liar will speak at
a higher pitch compared to their usual voice. This was validated by measuring pitch using
various instruments as well as by direct human observation. Details. Liars will give less detail
in general and even less relevant details compared to truth tellers. Details like descriptions of
people, places, actions, objects, events, and the timing of events, are reduced when someone is lying.
Cuz the devil's always in the details. Not my Pronouns. Two people are being accused of
stealing company money. the first one says, "Never, didn't do that. It was your wife. You should stop
making accusations like that." The second one says, "No, I didn't do it. It wasn't me. Stop accusing me
like this. The liar uses more second and third person pronouns like, "you, your, they, them, theirs...,"
or they omit the pronouns altogether. Truthful statements include more firstperson pronouns,
"I, me, my, we, us, our..." Liars also use distancing demonstrative reference, like "that" instead of
"this" and "there" instead of "here." Less Talk. The liar will spend less time talking in proportion to the
total length of the interaction. Additionally, the longer time you spend interacting with the liar
the shorter their responses will become. I need to know about this girl right here. You know her? "Yes."
Who is that? "Lauren Giddings" Does she live next door to you? "Yes." Okay, was you friends with Lauren? Yes."
MLU. MLU or Mean Length of Utterance, in simple terms, is the average number of words used in a
person's sentences. When people feel anxious or are telling a lie, they tend to speak in sentences
that are either shorter or longer than their MLU Derail. A liar will try to spend more time talking
about something not directly related to the event that they are lying about. This is called "narrative balance."
They will also attempt to change the topic of discussion away from the lie.
Talk Speed. When the lie is about violating moral standards or when the liar feels fear of being caught, they talk
more quickly compared to their baseline. However, liars who have to come up with their lie on the
spot, tend to talk more slowly. Cooperative. A liar will be less cooperative and helpful. Try asking
them to hand you something, or to repeat something they said because you missed it, and then watch if
they show signs of getting annoyed or frustrated. Bundles and Chances. To use these signs effectively,
remember these 3 things. (1) Establish a baseline then look for deviations from that baseline.
(2) Never rely on just one or two signs, many signs of lying are needed to make a reasonable assessment.
(3) No matter how many signs You observe it only means that there's a higher chance that
the person is lying. It is impossible to be 100% sure without hard evidence, so be cautious with your conclusions.
If you know other signs of lying, share them in the comments. But first subscribe.
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