GEOMORFOLOGI | Konsep Dasar Ilmu Geomorfologi
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script introduces the fundamental concepts of geomorphology, a branch of physical geography, focusing on the study of Earth's landforms. It explores the complexity of landforms shaped by both endogenic and exogenic processes, using Java Central as an example. The script delves into various aspects of geomorphological studies, including the King Trilogi, which encompasses structure, process, and stage. It also highlights the importance of field observation, examining landforms through morphometry and material analysis, and discusses the formation processes of volcanic rocks and pyroclastic deposits.
Takeaways
- 🌏 Geomorphology is a branch of physical geography that studies the forms of the Earth's surface, focusing on landforms rather than global shapes.
- 📚 The term 'geomorphology' originates from the Greek words 'Geo' (earth), 'morpho' (form), and 'logi' (study), indicating the study of the Earth's form.
- 🏞️ The Earth's surface features are complex and formed by various processes, including volcanic activity, tectonic movements, river flows, and wind erosion.
- 🌋 In the region of Central Java, including the area around Yogyakarta, there is a diverse and complex array of landforms, such as volcanic, structural, and coastal formations.
- 🔍 Geomorphology examines landforms based on several aspects, including structure, process, and stage, as proposed by different geomorphologists.
- 📝 The King Cycle by W.M. Davis emphasizes the importance of understanding landforms through the stages of development they undergo.
- 🏔️ Tectonics and climate are considered crucial aspects in geomorphology by some experts, like Albert and Waterpark.
- 🔬 The study of geomorphology encompasses the form, genesis, process, and environment of landforms to understand their development fully.
- 👨🏫 The script includes a field observation example applying the King Cycle, which includes morphology, material, and process.
- 🗻 Morphology in geomorphology involves studying the shape and quantitative size of landforms, such as the sloping terrain towards the south due to the presence of Mount Merapi.
- 🧪 Material analysis in geomorphology considers the composition of rocks, which can indicate the type of volcanic activity and the nature of the eruptions, such as explosive eruptions producing pyroclastic materials and lahars.
Q & A
What is geomorphology and what does the term originate from?
-Geomorphology is a branch of physical geography that studies the forms and features of the Earth's surface. The term originates from the Greek words 'Geo' meaning Earth, 'morpho' meaning form, and 'Logi' meaning science.
What are the different definitions of geomorphology mentioned in the script?
-Different experts have proposed various definitions of geomorphology, all of which revolve around the study of the Earth's surface forms, often using terms like 'form', 'landform', or 'geomorphology' to describe these surface features.
How complex are the Earth's surface forms according to the script?
-The Earth's surface forms are very complex, shaped by various processes such as volcanic activity, tectonic movements, river action, sea, wind, and glacial activity, both endogenic and exogenic.
What types of landforms are mentioned in the script as examples of the complexity of the Earth's surface?
-The script mentions volcanic landforms, structural landforms, coastal landforms shaped by marine processes, and deltas as examples of the complexity and variety of landforms found even within a single region like Central Java.
What are the aspects of geomorphology studies as proposed by different experts?
-Experts like Davis proposed the Davisian Triad consisting of structure, process, and stage. King proposed a triad of morphology, material, and process. Albert and Waterpark suggested that tectonics and climate are the most important aspects, while others include landform genesis, processes, and environment.
What is the significance of the King Triad in geomorphology?
-The King Triad, which includes morphology, material, and process, is significant as it provides a comprehensive framework for understanding landforms by considering their shape, the material composition, and the processes that formed them.
How does the script describe the application of geomorphological studies in the field?
-The script describes the application of geomorphological studies through field observations, focusing on aspects such as morphology, material, and process, using the King Triad as an example of how geomorphologists analyze landforms.
What is the role of volcanic activity in shaping the landforms as described in the script?
-Volcanic activity plays a significant role in shaping landforms by producing various rock types with different mineral compositions, which are indicative of the eruption's explosivity and the cooling process of the magma.
How does the script explain the difference between pyroclastic and lahar deposits?
-The script explains that pyroclastic deposits are the result of explosive eruptions where materials are ejected into the atmosphere and then settle, while lahar deposits are the result of water mixing with fine materials, transporting larger fragments and creating a mixture with rounded edges due to the mixing process.
What is the importance of understanding the processes behind landforms as discussed in the script?
-Understanding the processes behind landforms is crucial as it allows geomorphologists to analyze the Earth's surface features comprehensively, considering not only their current form but also their genesis and the environmental factors that influence their development.
How does the script relate the study of geomorphology to the complexity of landforms in Central Java and the surrounding areas of Yogyakarta?
-The script relates the study of geomorphology to the complexity of landforms in Central Java and the surrounding areas of Yogyakarta by highlighting the variety of landforms and the processes that shape them, emphasizing the need for a detailed understanding of these features.
Outlines
🌏 Introduction to Geomorphology
The video script introduces the subject of geomorphology, a branch of physical geography, emphasizing its focus on the study of the Earth's surface forms. It explains the origin of the term 'geomorphology' from the Greek words 'Geo' (Earth), 'morpho' (form), and 'logi' (science). The script highlights the complexity of the Earth's surface, shaped by both endogenic (e.g., volcanic and tectonic activities) and exogenic (e.g., river, sea, wind) processes. The diversity of landforms in Central Java and the surrounding areas of Yogyakarta is used as an example to illustrate this complexity. The video aims to explore the basic concepts of geomorphology and how it examines various landforms through different aspects of study, such as those proposed by geomorphologists like Davis, King, and others.
🏞️ Geomorphological Analysis of a River Valley
This paragraph delves into the geomorphological analysis of a specific river valley, characterized by steep and deep valley walls, indicative of a mature river stage. The material aspect is examined, revealing the presence of volcanic rocks with varying colors, suggesting different mineral compositions. Light-colored rocks are typically rich in silica and prone to explosive eruptions, while darker rocks indicate a more viscous lava flow. The script describes the identification of volcaniclastic materials, including fine-grained crystals formed rapidly outside the Earth's crust and larger, angular fragments associated with pyroclastic flows from Mount Merapi. It also discusses the processes of debris accumulation, such as pyroclastic fall and lahars, which are mudflows composed of a mixture of pyroclastic materials and water. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the unique perspective a geomorphologist has on the Earth's surface, distinct from other scientific fields.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Geomorphology
💡Landforms
💡Volcanic Activity
💡Tectonic Activity
💡Exogenous Processes
💡Morphology
💡Davisian Triad
💡Morphometry
💡Volcanic Rocks
💡Pyroclastic Material
💡Lahar
Highlights
Geomorphology is introduced as a branch of physical geography, focusing on the study of Earth's surface forms.
The term 'geomorphology' originates from the Greek words 'Geo' for Earth, 'morpho' for form, and 'Logi' for science.
The complexity of Earth's surface forms is highlighted, shaped by various activities such as volcanic, tectonic, fluvial, and coastal processes.
Examples of complex landforms are given, specifically in Central Java and the surrounding areas of Yogyakarta.
Different types of landforms are mentioned, including volcanic, structural, and coastal landforms shaped by marine activities.
The presence of a delta in North Central Java demonstrates the combined activity of rivers and the sea.
Geomorphology discusses landforms based on several aspects of study, including the theories proposed by experts like Davis and King.
W.M. Davis' theory of the cycle of erosion is briefly mentioned, consisting of structure, process, and stage.
The King Cycle by L.C. King introduces the concepts of morphology, material, and process in geomorphology.
The importance of tectonics and climate in shaping landforms is emphasized, as suggested by some experts.
The study of geomorphology encompasses form, genesis, process, and environment for a comprehensive understanding.
A field observation site is introduced to demonstrate the application of geomorphological studies, specifically the King Cycle.
Morphology, as part of the King Cycle, is discussed in terms of landform shape and quantitative size, known as morphography and morphometry.
The material aspect of the King Cycle is explored, identifying volcanic activity products and their mineral composition.
The process of material consolidation is examined, distinguishing between pyroclastic fall and lahar deposition.
The characteristics of volcanic rocks, such as crystal formation due to rapid cooling, are described.
The impact of gravity on the transportation and deposition of volcanic materials, forming pyroclastic and lahar deposits, is explained.
The video concludes by emphasizing the unique perspective geomorphologists have on Earth's surface forms compared to other scientific fields.
Transcripts
Hai stands Assalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh selamat
datang dalam matakuliah geomorfologi
mata kuliah ini adalah salah satu mata
kuliah yang diselenggarakan pada program
studi pendidikan geografi Fakultas Ilmu
Sosial Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
dalam video kali ini kita akan
mempelajari tentang konsep dasar
geomorfologi Selamat mengikuti
geomorfologi merupakan salah satu cabang
ilmu yang termasuk dalam rumpun geografi
fisik istilah geomorfologi berasal dari
tidak kata dalam bahasa Yunani yaitu Geo
yang berarti bumi morpho yang berarti
bentuk dan Logi yang berarti ilmu
Hai dengan demikian geologi merupakan
ilmu yang mempelajari bentuk bumi bentuk
bumi yang dimaksud disini bukanlah
bentuk Global bumi namun bentuk
permukaan bumi atau diistilahkan sebagai
bentuk lahan ada beberapa definisi
geomorfologi yang dicetuskan oleh para
ahli semuanya menggunakan istilah
bentuklahan atau lem form untuk menyebut
bentuk permukaan bumi bentuk permukaan
bumi kita ini sangat kompleks ada yang
terbentuk oleh aktivitas vulkanik akhir
tas tektonik aktivitas sungai laut angin
blazer dan sebagainya dengan kata lain
bentuk permukaan bumi ada yang terbentuk
oleh aktivitas indrogen ada yang
terbentuk oleh aktivitas eksogen untuk
menunjukkan bukti kompleksitas disini
akan saya Tunjukkan bahwa di wilayah
Jawa Tengah terdapat bentuklahan yang
sangat
Biasanya sih bahkan di wilayah sekitar
Jogjakarta saja terdapat berbagai macam
bentuk lahan yang kondisinya sangat
kompleks ya jadi disini ada bentuklahan
vulkanik ini pengolahan vulkanik
kemudian ke selatan sedikit ada bentuk
lahan struktural yang ini pengolahan
struktural kemudian bentuklahan khas
lalu di daerah pesisirnya ini ada
bentuklahan asal proses magrib atau
bentuklahan yang terbentuk oleh
aktivitas laut ini kemudian kalau kita
lihat di Jawa Tengah bagian utara juga
adadelta ini menunjukkan aktivitas dari
sungai berkombinasi dengan laut nah
berbagai macam bentuk lahan ini
menunjukkan bahwa dipermukaan bumi
kondisi pengolahannya sangat kompleks
bahkan ini baru area Jawa Tengah dan
area sekitar Jogyakarta saja
Hai ada kompleksitas kendaraan yang
sangat bervariasi pula pertanyaannya
kemudian adalah bagaimana geomorfologi
membahas berbagai bentuk lahan ini kita
akan melihat bentuk lahan ini
berdasarkan aspek kajian geomorfologi
terdapat beberapa aspek kajian dalam
geomorfologi yang dikemukakan oleh para
ahli Davis misalnya Mencetuskan the
Davis Trilogi yang terdiri dari struktur
proses stadium King Mencetuskan The King
Trilogi yang terdiri dari morfologi
material dan proses Albert dan Waterpark
berpendapat bahwa tektonik dan iklim
merupakan aspek yang paling penting
sementara ketetapan berpendapat bahwa
aspek kajian geomorfologi mencakup
bentuklahan Genesis proses dan
lingkungan untuk lebih memahami
implementasi dari aspek kajian
geomorfologi ini selanjutnya saya akan
mengajak anda untuk bersama-sama belajar
di lapangan pasti
Anda mengikuti video ini sampai akhir
agar anda mendapatkan pemahaman yang
konkret mengenai bagaimana geomorfologi
melihat bentuk lahan di lapak baik saat
ini kita sudah berada di lokasi
pengamatan lapangan di lokasi ini saya
akan mencoba untuk memberikan contoh
implementasi salah satu aspek kajian
geomorfologi yaitu morfologi material
proses atau lebih dikenal sebagai The
King Trilogi kita awali pengamatan kita
dari morfologi morfologi tidak terlepas
dari bentuk dan ukuran kuantitatifnya
atau disebut morfografi dan morfometri
kalau dilihat dari bentuknya wilayah ini
secara umum berlereng melandai kearah
Selatan karena ada gunung merapi di sisi
sebelah utara dan dengan kemiringan
lereng sekian maka wilayah ini merupakan
bagian dari kaki gunung api
Hai lebih khusus lagi kita berada di
area lembah sungai dengan tebing yang
terjal dan dalam ini merupakan ciri khas
dari sungai berstadium udah di kawasan
hulu selanjutnya kita melihat aspek
material disini jika kita lihat
materialnya adalah material produk
aktivitas vulkanik ada batuan yang
warnanya berbeda-beda nih ada yang
terang ada yang gelap ini menandakan
bahwa mineral penyusunnya berbeda-beda
yang berwarna terang biasanya terdiri
atas mineral-mineral ringan mudah pecah
kaya silikat sehingga tergolong batuan
yang bersifat massal ya Ini juga ada
kaitanya dengan sifat erupsi yang
eksposi tadi gimana magma dengan
kandungan silika tinggi masam biasanya
kental dan memicu letusan yang eksplosif
i
juga ada yang ringan sekali ada
lubangnya Ya bersyukur feskul er ini
menandakan bahwa material ini terbentuk
dari proses erupsi yang eksplosif jadi
semua ini merupakan batuan beku vulkanik
dapat kita kenali ciri-cirinya kristal
yang terbentuk halus dan sulit dikenali
tanpa menggunakan alat hal ini terjadi
karena proses pembekuan terjadi di luar
kulit bumi dan berlangsung sangat cepat
baik yang terakhir adalah proses kalau
kita perhatikan material di tebing ini
memiliki ciri yang berbeda ya ada yang
ukurannya kecil sebesar kacang ada yang
berupa bongkahan besar bersisi tumpul
ada yang bersisi tajam ini yang
butirannya halus tentu proses
pengendapannya terjadi ketika erupsi
eksplosif banyak
Sebutkan material di atmosfer lalu
mengendap seperti ini bongkah bersisi
tajam ini berkaitan dengan aliran
piroklastik jadi ini adalah guguran dari
kubah yang ada di puncak Merapi yang
jatuh dan terbawa sampai ke sini akibat
pengaruh gravitasi sementara bungkah
posisi tumpul ini prosesnya berbeda ada
peran dari air yang bercampur dengan
material halus menjadi lahar lahar bisa
mengangkut tumbuhan beserta di sepanjang
perjalanan pengangkutannya
bongkah-bongkah ini saling bertubrukan
satu sama lain sehingga sisi-sisinya
tumpul jadi dilihat dari prosesnya ada
material tuh defriza Tuhan kemudian ada
pula endapan piroklastik ada pula
endapan lahar jadi sama-sama hasil
sloganisme tapi proses pengendapannya
berbeda-beda Nah itu tadi adalah contoh
Bagaimana seorang ahli geomorfologi
melihat bentuk permukaan bumi sudut
pandang ini tentu berbeda dengan bidang
ilmu yang lainnya mudah sekali bukan
sampai jumpa dalam video pembelajaran
berikutnya untuk membahas topik yang
lainnya kasih assalamualaikum
warohmatullahi wabarokatuh
[Musik]
[Musik]
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