Geomorfologi Bentuklahan Struktural

Summary

This educational video from the Geography Education Program at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, explores the structural geomorphology of landforms. It delves into the impact of endogenetic and exogenetic forces on the Earth's surface, focusing on structural landforms like anticlines, synclines, and fault scarps. The video explains the formation of high plateaus known as 'Plato' and discusses various types of mountain ranges, including fold mountains, dome mountains, and complex mountain systems. It concludes with a field exploration of the Baturagung mountain range in Southern Yogyakarta, highlighting the geological structures and landforms indicative of tectonic activity.

Takeaways

• 🌏 The video is an educational lesson from the Department of Geography at the State University of Yogyakarta, focusing on geomorphology and structural landforms.
• 🏞️ Geomorphic processes are influenced by endogenous, exogenous, and extraterrestrial forces that shape the Earth's surface over geological time.
• 🌋 Endogenous forces originate from within the Earth and are responsible for the formation of structural landforms and volcanic landscapes.
• 📏 Structural landforms are associated with geological structures, characterized by the relief of mountains or hills related to folding or faulting.
• 🔄 Folding structures are characterized by anticlines (peaks) and synclines (valleys), which occur in elastic rocks under relatively weak compressive stress over time.
• 💥 Faulting occurs in harder rocks where compressive or tensional stress occurs strongly and rapidly, resulting in steep slopes known as escarpments.
• 🏔️ Plateaus are high, flat areas formed by structural processes, characterized by horizontal layers and limited by steep sides descending to lower areas.
• 🏞️ There are three types of plateaus: intermountain, base-level, and continental, each with distinct geological settings and characteristics.
• 🏞️ Dome mountains have an elliptical anticlinal structure formed by strong uplift, with different types such as crystalline, salt, and epirogenetic.
• 🏞️ Block mountains have a steep side and a gentle side, resulting from the uplift of a block, while tilted block mountains have a steep slope on one side and a gentle slope on the other.
• 🏞️ Fold mountains are created by horizontal compression in sedimentary areas, while complex mountains consist of a combination of structures occupying a relatively large area.
• 🏞️ The Baturagung Mountains, part of the Southern Yogyakarta or Southern Java Mountains, are an example of structural landforms with distinct geomorphological features.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video from the Department of Geography at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta?

The main topic of the video is the study of structural landforms in geomorphology.

What are the three main forces that influence the morphological dynamics of the Earth's surface over geological time?

The three main forces are endogenetic, exogenetic, and extraterrestrial forces.

What is the origin of endogenetic forces mentioned in the video?

Endogenetic forces originate from within the Earth.

How do endogenetic forces affect the Earth's surface morphology?

Endogenetic forces cause the formation of structural landforms and volcanic landforms.

What is the main characteristic of structural landforms in relation to geological structures?

The main characteristic is the relief of hills or mountains associated with structures such as folding or faulting.

What are the terms used to describe the peaks and valleys in folding structures?

The peaks are called anticlines and the valleys are called synclines.

What type of rocks are folding structures more likely to occur in, and why?

Folding structures are more likely to occur in elastic rocks due to the influence of relatively weak compressive stress over a long period of time.

What is the term used for the steep slopes associated with fault structures in geomorphology?

The term used is scarp or escarpment.

What is a 'Plateau' in geomorphological terms, and what are its characteristics?

A plateau is a high, relatively flat area formed by structural processes, characterized by being bounded on at least one side by a steep descent to a lower area, with simple structure consisting of horizontal layers.

What are the three categories of plateaus as described by the video?

The three categories are intermountain or plateau between mountains, piedmont or foot of mountains, and continental or teller plateau.

What is the significance of the escarpment in the Batur Mountain range as seen in the video?

The escarpment signifies evidence of faulting related to the genesis of the mountains, characterized by its straight and elongated form.

What is the term for the triangular facets observed on the escarpment, and what do they indicate?

The term is 'triangular facets', and they indicate the occurrence of erosion on the escarpment wall due to the influence of exogenetic forces over geological time.

What is the geographical extent of the Southern Java Mountains, as mentioned in the video?

The Southern Java Mountains extend from Parangtritis in the west to the eastern end of the island of Java.

What are the three main mountain ranges within the Southern Mountains of Java, according to the video?

The three main mountain ranges are Mount Sewu in the south, Wonosari in the center, and several mountain ranges in the north.