Biografi Singkat Soeharto, Presiden kedua Republik Indonesia

Saung Edukasi

11 Oct 202005:39

Summary

TLDRThe script recounts the life of General Haji Muhammad Soekarno, Indonesia's second president, born in Yogyakarta on July 8, 1921. It details his military career, from a soldier to a commander, and his pivotal role in reclaiming Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers. After the 1965 coup attempt, he assumed control of the army and was appointed acting president by President Soekarno. His presidency, marked by development strategies and food self-sufficiency achievements, lasted over three decades until his resignation in 1998. Despite facing corruption allegations, he remained a significant figure in Indonesian history, passing away on January 27, 2018, at the age of 87.

Takeaways

🎓 Soeharto was the second president of Indonesia, born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta on July 8, 1921.
👨‍🌾 His father, Kertosudiro, was a farmer and an assistant to the village head in irrigation and rice field management.
👩‍🏫 Soeharto started school at the age of eight but frequently moved, eventually becoming a military cadet in Bintara Gombong, Central Java.
🗓️ He officially joined the Indonesian National Army (TNI) on October 5, 1948.
💍 Soeharto married Siti Hartinah, a government official's daughter, on December 26, 1945, and they had six children.
🚩 He began his military career as a soldier and rose through the ranks to become a battalion commander and a regiment commander.
🏰 In 1949, he led his troops to reclaim Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers and served as a guard for the Supreme Commander Sudirman.
📈 On October 1, 1965, after the G30S PKI incident, Soeharto took over as the head of the Army and was appointed as the operational commander by President Soekarno in March 1966.
🏛️ Following the political turmoil, the Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) in 1967 appointed Soeharto as the acting president, which was later confirmed in 1968.
🏙️ Soeharto governed for more than three decades, through six general elections until his resignation on May 21, 1998.
🛑 His resignation was not solely due to student demonstrations but also due to betrayal by his close aides who were ambitious without political acumen.
🏥 Soeharto faced corruption charges and misuse of funds from a foundation he established, but his trial was halted due to his illness.
🏗️ He initiated development with a 'trilogy' strategy focusing on stability, growth, and equity, earning him the title of 'Father of National Development'.
🏆 He received an award from FAO for achieving food self-sufficiency by 1985.
🕊️ Soeharto passed away at the age of 87 on January 27, 2018, after being treated for 24 days at the Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta.

Q & A

Who was Haji Muhammad Wasitho?
-Haji Muhammad Wasitho was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia.
Where and when was Haji Muhammad Wasitho born?
-He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta on July 8, 1921.
What was the cause of Haji Muhammad Wasitho's death?
-He passed away at 1:00 PM on Sunday, January 27, 2018, due to multi-organ failure.
What was the profession of Haji Muhammad Wasitho's father, Kertosudiro?
-Kertosudiro was a farmer and also served as an assistant to the village head in irrigation and rice field management.
When did Haji Muhammad Wasitho officially become a member of the Indonesian National Army (TNI)?
-He officially became a member of TNI on October 5, 1948.
Who did Haji Muhammad Wasitho marry and when was their wedding?
-He married Siti Hartinah, a government official's daughter, and their wedding was held on December 26, 1945.
How many children did Haji Muhammad Wasitho and Siti Hartinah have?
-They were blessed with six children: Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati, Harijadi Hutomo Mandala Putra, and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih.
What significant military achievement did Haji Muhammad Wasitho accomplish in 1949?
-In 1949, he successfully led his troops to recapture the city of Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers.
What was the significance of the 'Sebelas Maret' order given by President Soekarno to General Soeharto in 1966?
-The 'Sebelas Maret' order tasked General Soeharto with restoring security and order, as well as securing the teachings of the great revolutionary leader Bung Karno.
How did Haji Muhammad Wasitho's presidency come to an end?
-His presidency ended tragically not only due to student demonstrations in 1998 but also due to betrayal by his close aides who were ambitious without political poison.
What was Haji Muhammad Wasitho's strategy for development during his presidency?
-His development strategy was based on the trilogi of development, stability, growth, and equity.
What recognition did Haji Muhammad Wasitho receive for his achievements in food self-sufficiency?
-He received an award from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for successfully achieving food self-sufficiency by 1985.
What was the final illness that led to Haji Muhammad Wasitho's death?
-He was treated for 24 days from January 4-27, 2008, at the Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta, before succumbing to multi-organ failure.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Life and Career of President Soeharto

General TNI (Ret.) Haji Muhammad Wasitho, also known as Soeharto, was the second President of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, on July 8, 1921, and passed away at 13:00 on Sunday, January 27, 2018. His father, Kertosudiro, was a farmer and a village irrigation assistant, while his mother was Sukirah. Soeharto attended school at the age of eight and moved frequently. He eventually became an exemplary soldier at the Bintara School in Gombong, Central Java, in 1941, and officially joined the TNI on October 5, 1948. In 1947, Soeharto married Siti Hartinah, the daughter of a Mangkunegaran employee. Their marriage on December 26, 1945, in Solo, blessed them with six children: Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Harijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra, and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih. Soeharto's military career saw him rise from a sergeant in the KNIL army to a commander of various units, ultimately leading to his role in recapturing Yogyakarta from Dutch forces in 1949. He served as a bodyguard for General Sudirman and commanded the Mandala operation for the liberation of West Irian. During the G30S PKI uprising on October 1, 1965, Soeharto took control of the army and was appointed as the army commander and head of the Kopkamtib by President Sukarno. In March 1966, he received the Supersemar order from Sukarno to restore security and order and safeguard the teachings of the revolution. Due to the worsening political situation following the G30S PKI, the MPRS special session in 1967 appointed Soeharto as acting president, and he was confirmed as the second President of Indonesia in March 1968. Soeharto ruled for over three decades through six elections until his resignation on May 21, 1998, amidst student protests and betrayal by his close aides. He faced charges of corruption and misuse of foundation funds but fell ill, leading to the suspension of his trial. Despite the challenges, he was recognized for his developmental policies, receiving accolades from FAO for achieving food self-sufficiency in 1985. Soeharto passed away at 13:00 on January 27, 2018, at the age of 87, after being hospitalized for 24 days at the Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta. The Presidential medical team officially announced his death due to multiple organ failure.

05:01

👍 Closing and Call to Action

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Mindmap

Keywords

💡TNI Purnawirawan Haji, Muhammad Wasitho

This refers to the Indonesian military honorific and the full name of the second President of Indonesia, Soeharto. It is significant as it sets the stage for discussing his military background and his rise to political power. In the script, his military career is highlighted, showing his progression from a soldier to a commanding officer.

💡Presiden Republik Indonesia

This term means 'President of the Republic of Indonesia' and is central to the video's theme, focusing on Soeharto's political career. The script mentions his tenure as the second president, indicating his importance in the country's history.

💡G30S PKI

G30S PKI refers to the September 30th Movement of the Indonesian Communist Party, a pivotal event in the script that led to Soeharto taking over the leadership of the Army and eventually becoming the president. It is a critical moment in the narrative of his rise to power.

💡Pangad

Pangad is an abbreviation for 'Panglima AD', meaning 'Commander of the Army' in Indonesian. In the script, Soeharto's appointment as Pangad is a key step in his political ascension, showing his control over the military forces.

💡MPRS

MPRS stands for 'Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara', the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly in Indonesia. The script mentions the special session of MPRS in 1967, which appointed Soeharto as the president, a significant turning point in his political career.

💡Trilogi Pembangunan

Trilogi Pembangunan translates to 'Development Trilogies' and refers to Soeharto's development strategy focusing on stability, growth, and equity. The script highlights this as a key part of his governance, illustrating his approach to national development.

💡FAO

FAO stands for the Food and Agriculture Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. The script mentions an award given to Soeharto by FAO for achieving food self-sufficiency by 1985, showcasing a significant achievement during his presidency.

💡Yayasan

Yayasan is an Indonesian term for 'foundation'. The script refers to a foundation established by Soeharto, which became a subject of controversy due to allegations of corruption and misuse of funds, reflecting a darker aspect of his legacy.

💡Korupsi

Korupsi means 'corruption' in Indonesian. The script discusses Soeharto's trial for corruption charges, which is an important part of the narrative about his later years and the challenges he faced regarding his financial dealings.

💡Pengkhianatan

Pengkhianatan translates to 'betrayal' in English. The script suggests that Soeharto's resignation was not only due to student protests but also due to betrayal by his close aides, indicating a complex political downfall.

💡Bapak Pembangunan Nasional

This term, meaning 'Father of National Development', is used in the script to honor Soeharto's contributions to Indonesia's development. It reflects the positive view of his leadership in terms of economic and infrastructural progress.

Highlights

Muhammad Wasitho is the second president of the Republic of Indonesia.

Born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta on July 8, 1921.

Passed away at 13:00 on Sunday, January 27, 2018.

Father, Kertosudiro, was a farmer and an assistant in irrigation.

Mother, Sukirah, related to Soeharto.

Began schooling at eight but frequently moved schools.

Selected as a military cadet at the age of 18 in Bintara Gombong, Central Java.

Officially joined the TNI on October 5, 1948.

Married Siti Hartinah in 1947, had six children.

Started military career as a soldier, later became a battalion commander.

Led troops to reclaim Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers in 1949.

Served as a bodyguard for Commander Sudirman and Commander of Mandala for West Irian liberation.

Took over Army leadership after the G30S PKI incident in 1965.

Appointed as the Army Chief of Staff by President Soekarno in March 1966.

Received the 'Supersemar' order to restore order and secure the teachings of Bung Karno.

Political situation deteriorated post-G30S PKI, leading to his appointment as president by MPRS in 1967.

Ruled for over three decades through six elections until his resignation on May 21, 1998.

Had to step down not only due to student demonstrations but also betrayal by close aides.

Demonstrated resilience and determination throughout his life.

Was tried for corruption and misuse of foundation funds but fell ill, halting the process.

Initiated development with the trilogi strategy, achieving food self-sufficiency by 1985.

Awarded by FAO for development achievements, known as the Father of National Development.

Passed away at the age of 87 after 24 days of treatment at Pertamina Central Hospital, Jakarta.

Official statement on his death was released by the presidential medical team.