Shadow City: Homelessness in New York | Fault Lines
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses the escalating homelessness crisis in New York City, exacerbated by soaring housing costs and a lack of affordable housing. It highlights personal stories of families struggling to find shelter amid bureaucratic barriers and the city's struggle to accommodate the growing number of homeless people. The role of cluster site shelters, private landlords, and the city's efforts to address the issue are explored, revealing a complex situation where the city's response to homelessness is both costly and controversial.
Takeaways
- 🏙️ New York City is facing a homelessness crisis, with more people homeless than at any point since the 1930s due to a combination of high living costs and low incomes.
- ❄️ The harsh winter conditions have exacerbated the situation, making it even more difficult for homeless individuals to find shelter and basic necessities.
- 📈 The number of people living in New York's homeless shelters has nearly doubled in a decade, reaching 60,000, highlighting the scale of the crisis.
- 👨👧👦 Homelessness is not just an issue for single individuals; more than 70% of those in city shelters are families with children.
- 🚫 Despite New York City's obligation to provide shelter to all homeless individuals, bureaucratic barriers often wrongfully deny shelter to needy families.
- 💼 The cost of shelter is immense, with the city spending over a billion dollars annually on shelter and emergency services for homeless people.
- 📉 Median incomes in New York have dropped while median rents have risen, pushing more people into homelessness as they can't afford to live in the city.
- 🏢 The loss of affordable housing and the elimination of permanent housing programs under the Bloomberg administration have contributed to the rise in homelessness.
- 🏘️ Gentrification and the conversion of rent-stabilized apartments to market rate have led to evictions, which is the number one cause of family homelessness in New York.
- 🤝 Mayor de Blasio has promised to create and preserve 200,000 affordable housing units, aiming to address the housing crisis through tax incentives for developers.
- 💰 The city's use of cluster site shelters, privately owned buildings housing homeless families, has raised concerns about high costs and poor living conditions.
Q & A
What is the current situation of homelessness in New York City as described in the script?
-The script describes a homelessness crisis in New York City, with more people homeless today than at any point since the 1930s. It mentions that the number of people living in homeless shelters has nearly doubled in a decade, reaching 60,000, and that the city is facing the coldest winter in 81 years, exacerbating the situation.
What factors contribute to the homelessness crisis in New York City according to the script?
-The script suggests several factors contributing to the crisis, including skyrocketing rents, the exodus of families from the city, and a lack of affordable housing. It also points to bureaucratic barriers that deny shelter to needy families and the elimination of permanent housing programs under the Bloomberg administration.
How does the script describe the experience of families seeking shelter in New York City?
-The script describes the experience as complicated and bureaucratic, with families having to navigate a system that often denies them shelter. It mentions that more than 70% of people in city shelters are families with children and that many working parents are struggling to find shelter and meet basic needs.
What is a 'cluster site' as mentioned in the script?
-A 'cluster site' is a type of shelter system in New York City where homeless families are housed in privately owned buildings. The city pays private landlords to provide these shelters, which has led to concerns about the high costs and the condition of these buildings.
How does the script characterize the role of real estate developers in the homelessness crisis?
-The script implies that real estate developers have contributed to the crisis by focusing on market-rate housing that excludes low-income families. It suggests that their goal is to maximize profits rather than provide affordable housing, leading to a saturation of the market with expensive housing options.
What is the role of rent regulation in New York City's housing market, as depicted in the script?
-The script highlights rent regulation as a crucial aspect of New York City's housing market, providing some level of affordability for tenants. However, it also points out that nearly 20% of rent-regulated apartments have been converted to market rate since the early 1980s, contributing to the affordability crisis.
How does the script address the issue of eviction as a cause of homelessness?
-The script identifies eviction as the number one cause of family homelessness in New York City, with over 33,000 evictions occurring in the last two years. It suggests that landlords sometimes use legal means to push out tenants, especially in rent-stabilized buildings, to increase rents.
What is the city's response to the homelessness crisis, as described in the script?
-The script describes Mayor Bill de Blasio's promise to create and preserve 200,000 affordable housing units through tax incentives for developers. However, it also criticizes the reliance on cluster sites and the high costs associated with providing shelter, suggesting that the city's efforts are not adequately addressing the root causes of homelessness.
How does the script portray the experiences of individuals and families living in cluster site shelters?
-The script portrays the experiences as challenging, with families living in substandard conditions, facing numerous code violations, and waiting for necessary repairs. It also highlights the discrepancy between the high amounts the city pays landlords for these units and the much lower rents paid by other tenants in the same buildings.
What is the script's perspective on the effectiveness of the current approach to addressing homelessness in New York City?
-The script suggests that the current approach is not effectively addressing the homelessness crisis. It criticizes the high costs of shelter, the reliance on cluster sites, and the lack of focus on providing affordable housing. It implies that more needs to be done to understand and address the underlying causes of homelessness.
What are some of the personal stories highlighted in the script to illustrate the homelessness crisis?
-The script features personal stories such as Melissa Rivera, who has been homeless for three years and lives with her children in her grandmother's living room, and Tawana Little, who has been forced to live in a shelter after being evicted due to rent increases. These stories highlight the struggles of finding shelter, maintaining employment, and the impact of eviction on families.
Outlines
🏙️ New York's Homelessness Crisis
This paragraph highlights the severe homelessness crisis in New York City, exacerbated by harsh winter conditions. It discusses the record-breaking snowfall coinciding with the highest number of homeless people since the 1930s. The narrative focuses on the struggles of homeless individuals and families, including the difficulty of finding shelter and the rising number of people living in shelters. The paragraph also touches on the bureaucratic barriers that deny shelter to many needy families and the city's obligation to provide shelter, despite the rejection of many applications.
📈 The Impact of Economic Disparity and Housing Costs
This section delves into the economic factors contributing to homelessness in New York City. It presents the reality of one in five New Yorkers living below the federal poverty line while housing costs continue to rise. The narrative follows individuals like Tawana, who lost her housing due to rent increases, and the challenges she faces in finding affordable housing. The paragraph also discusses the city's history of housing policy and its effects on the affordability of housing, leading to the displacement of long-time residents.
🏡 The Failure of Housing Policies and the Rise of Homelessness
The paragraph examines the consequences of past housing policies, particularly under Mayor Bloomberg, which led to a significant loss of affordable housing and an increase in homelessness. It critiques Mayor de Blasio's promise to reverse economic inequality and create affordable housing units, suggesting that his plan may not be significantly different from his predecessor's. The narrative includes perspectives from housing advocates and the experiences of individuals like Shaniqua Charles, who faced eviction despite rent stabilization laws.
👪 The Plight of Families in Cluster Site Shelters
This section focuses on the issue of cluster site shelters, privately owned buildings that house homeless families. It discusses the financial incentives for landlords and the substandard living conditions in these shelters, including numerous code violations. The narrative includes the experiences of tenants like Shaquanda, who receives a budget letter detailing the city's payments to her landlord, and the disparity between what the city pays and the actual market rent for similar apartments.
🏛️ The Systematic Approach to Gentrification and Its Effects
The final paragraph addresses the systematic nature of gentrification and its impact on the city's most vulnerable residents. It describes how the city's approach to housing and shelter has led to a situation where affordable housing is being converted into shelters, and the high cost of these arrangements. The narrative includes the voices of tenants and housing advocates who argue that the city's policies are not addressing the root causes of homelessness and are instead creating a profitable system for landlords at the expense of the homeless.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Homelessness
💡Shelters
💡Affordability
💡Eviction
💡Gentrification
💡Cluster Sites
💡Rent Stabilization
💡Housing Policy
💡Poverty Line
💡Tax Incentives
💡Economic Inequality
Highlights
New York City faces its coldest winter in 81 years, coinciding with a homelessness crisis.
Homelessness in NYC is at its highest since the 1930s, with over 60,000 people in shelters.
The city's only intake center for homeless families in the South Bronx reveals the complexity of homelessness beyond stereotypes.
New York City spends over a billion dollars annually on shelter and emergency services for homeless people.
Despite the large shelter system, about half of the families applying for shelter are rejected due to bureaucratic barriers.
The story of Melissa Rivera illustrates the struggle of a working mother who has been homeless for three years.
One in five New Yorkers lives below the federal poverty line amid soaring housing costs and stagnant incomes.
The elimination of permanent housing programs under the Bloomberg administration contributed to the rise in homelessness.
Mayor de Blasio's plan to create and preserve 200,000 affordable housing units faces criticism for not addressing the root causes.
Rent regulation in New York is under threat, with nearly 20% of rent-stabilized apartments converted to market rate since the 1980s.
Eviction is the number one cause of family homelessness in New York, with over 33,000 evictions in the last two years.
The city's use of 'cluster sites' for sheltering homeless families raises questions about the efficiency and morality of privatized housing solutions.
Despite promises to phase out cluster sites, the de Blasio administration has increased their number.
The privatization of shelter services has led to a lack of accountability and a disconnect from the needs of homeless families.
The cost of housing the homeless in New York City is astronomical, yet solutions to address the root causes remain elusive.
The transcript highlights the urgent need for comprehensive and effective policy to tackle the homelessness crisis in NYC.
Transcripts
New York New York
8.4 million people call the city home 24
degrees selling art of Central Park
going down to 20 of Midtown snowfall one
to two feet so they're now saying we
could have snow falling as rapidly as
five inches an hour this has been the
coldest winter here in 81 years and it
coincides with a grim reality more
people in New York City are homeless
today than at any point since the 1930s
you see why cold blue got three floors
all today it's it's really difficult
especially when to find ways to just get
through today dough from you know
finding clothing to finding shelter to
find where we want to eat tonight it's
pretty hectic because of the snow
outside and not a lot of places for us
to sleep now so everybody's kind of
coming in in just a decade the number of
people living in New York's homeless
shelters is nearly doubled reaching
60,000 and night last year
it's a homelessness crisis unprecedented
in any American city what we see today
the homeless that we see the exodus from
the city families doubling tripling up
the rent skyrocketing this has been a
crisis that's been cooking for 20 years
why are so many in New York homeless
this week fault lines looks at the
forces that are displacing thousands
from their homes
we're on our way to the South Bronx to
New York's only intake center for
homeless families more than 70 percent
of people in the city shelters are
families with children
homelessness is so complicated it's not
just this guy on the street with that
shopping cart and it isn't just this one
person who made the wrong choice or had
bad luck to apply for shelter a family
must first come to this building known
as path journalists are not allowed
inside we've been here just a few hours
and there's been dozens of families
coming in it's been really shocking it's
a lot of young children and a lot of
working parents trying to make it what's
it like in there um it's not what people
think beeps we're near you know every
day
I don't judge people because you never
know the situation you'll be it you know
I have four kids my salary I get paid
nine dollars an hour so you do Neph how
did you know about the Pat Center I'll
go with it
I'll go who are family Saul says young
find me I'll go vote it is this your
first time in the shelter sister yeah
what's this little guy's name
it's Josiah Grove say hard you saw you
hide you say how old are you just say so
where are you sleeping where are you
staying these days man wherever they
play you come in they'll put you in
attend a placement and then they'll be
like okay you neither denied or approve
if you know you have to go tonight
if you denies you have to come back and
do the process all over again that's
what you're doing now for the third time
New York City has an obligation to
provide shelter to all individuals who
are homeless because of that tradition
New York City has the largest public
shelter system in the United States
Patrick Marquis is one of New York's
leading advocates for the homeless the
cost of shelter is exorbitant the city
now spends more than a billion dollars a
year just in shelter and emergency
services for homeless people today New
York operates over 250 homeless shelters
but still about half of the families who
apply for shelter are rejected the city
has put in place these kind of
bureaucratic barriers that wrongfully
and unlawfully deny shelter to many
needy families community help me with
your brother we met Melissa Rivera Pat
she's 25 and has three kids I go the
lose every single day when I come home
come here then comes my mommy stop
crying she's my little mini-me she looks
just like me yeah these kids mean
everything to you huh yes they're my
life I love them dearly melissa has been
homeless for three years she and her
kids now sleep in the living room of her
grandmother's public housing unit this
is it right here
I put this couch I bring it over uh-huh
put it together with that one but the
blankets on there and you know you all
sleep right here dead living in my two
daughters and then my son right in here
yep this playpen hello New York's Child
Services Agency has told Melissa that
she's endangering her kids by keeping
them here how does your grandmother feel
about you living right here in her
living room she hates it her grandmother
is also at risk of losing her housing
subsidy but still she says the city has
denied her shelter applications seven
times Melissa works as a door-to-door
sales woman but she only makes about
$400 a month have you ever had to sleep
on the streets um not with my kids thank
God I have gone through it on my own
when I was 16 and I don't want that life
for them so sorry
just thinking about that they could be
in the situation that I was in before um
knowing that I'm by myself there's a lot
of things that I would love to have but
it's so expensive I don't make enough to
get any of those things it isn't you're
just a lot of rich people here they want
to make the city for people that can
afford things you know forget about the
people that can't afford and they're
just gonna have to leave the city that's
how I see it one in five New Yorkers
lives below the federal poverty line
meanwhile housing costs continue to soar
median rents have risen by eight point
five percent but median incomes have
dropped by seven percent your star dated
on the sunniest Tawana little has lived
in New York for her whole life but for
over a year she and her kids have been
forced to live in shelter when they came
down to the ending of my lease that was
a prime opportunity for landlord to say
okay we don't want this program in here
anymore
Tawana depended on a state program that
helped her pay the rent when her
landlord raised the price she was
evicted
he just wanted higher rents he wanted
higher risk so your rent for that place
has now gone up to 2,200 2,200 yes could
you afford that oh absolutely not
Tawana is looking for an apartment she
can afford it's a search that's taken
her far outside the city an hour and a
half bus ride to Middletown New York we
met her in Middletown but the broker
hood agreed to show her around canceled
so I'm just really in a really bad
emotional place right now I'm not
feeling the greatest I feel like it was
just a pure waste of time to salvage the
trip she decided to look anyway what's
it like doing the search while you're in
a shelter is it hard when you in a
shelter is doubly hard you're not really
comfortable but I tell you if I would
rather come out here and take a look and
doing what I need to do to get my family
a part of that circumstance opposed to
sitting there not doing it
do you see yourself living here no no I
don't know I don't know yet
do you know a lot of people here no not
at all do you have a lot of friends and
family in New York in the city yeah
absolutely
it's where I grew up at so I know I know
my areas do you feel like you've been
forced to leave the city with the rinse
with the rinse that as high as they are
yes yes middle class people in the city
are not being really cater to their
busting they're behind working every day
constantly you like to the point where
you know they're not even sleeping you
know and if they miss a paycheck then
that's a possibility they can be where I
am and that's the realism of it city I
see in the middle of a rally with
hundreds of New Yorkers from East New
York a working-class neighborhood in
Brooklyn
people here are demanding that at least
half of the new houses built here are
affordable to them they want to push
these people out because the apartments
are gonna be so high they're not going
to be able to afford it under its last
Mayor Michael Bloomberg New York City
lost more than a third of apartments
considered affordable to poor families
and what we're seeing now is the effects
of 20 years of housing policy 20 years
of people little by little being pushed
out
no attempt to house these human beings
and homelessness is the numbers rising
every day this right here right here
right here people are getting priced off
push to out-of-state New York City under
the Bloomberg administration eliminated
entirely the permanent housing programs
which were designed to help homeless
families and children leave the shelter
system under Bloomberg the number of
people in homeless shelters each night
went from 31,000 to 54,000 essentially
what we had and was a massive social
experiment to test the proposition that
if you take away permanent housing
assistance from the neediest children
and families in our city what will
happen no good job every day in this
city people are losing their homes if we
do not act New York risks taking on the
qualities of a gated community Mayor
Bill de Blasio was elected in 2013 on a
promise to reverse New York's growing
economic inequality the city has for
decades let developers write their own
rules when it came to building housing
this administration is taking a
fundamentally different approach de
Blasio has vowed to create and preserve
200-thousand affordable units his plan
relies on tax incentives to developers
if you're a developer if you set aside
twenty percent of those units for
low-income folks the city will give you
tax breaks on that property Robert
Robinson is a housing advocate who's
formerly homeless I would challenge
mayor de Blasio and say your plan is no
different than Bloomberg's plan 80%
market rate 20% low-income the more you
create housing like that you're
saturating the market would market rate
housing developers in this city they
want to profit as much as they can so
their heart is not into building houses
for poor people that's not their goal
there
goal is to get market rate rents New
York's largest existing stock of
affordable housing is the 1 million
apartments that are rent regulated under
state law but the trend is clear since
the early 80s nearly 20% of these have
been converted to market rate hi
Finney cool Shaniqua Charles has lived
in a rent stabilized apartment in the
Bronx since 1988 by law her landlord can
only raise her rent a small percentage
each year but if she moves out he can
raise the rent by 20% this area is going
through gentrification right so that's
no secret I mean the writing is on the
wall if you can get these buildings from
being rent stabilized then you can
charge twenty five hundred dollars a
month three thousand dollars a month
eventually Shaniqua says she's never
missed her rent payment but six months
ago she received an eviction order from
her landlord I was the most helpless
feeling I've I've ever I've ever
experienced actually yeah what was your
biggest fear that moment being homeless
and you don't think rationally when you
know you don't think rationally when
you think you're gonna lose your home
the number one cause of family
homelessness in New York is eviction in
2012 more than one-third of families who
applied for shelter had recently been
evicted
we've got 33,000 people who've been
evicted across New York City in the last
two years 33,000 families
Shaniqua 'he's building has 50 code
violations the apartment was full of
lead
there were like holes in the walls the
bathroom ceiling almost collapse this
will probably fall down at any last
spring she asked for repairs one day a
crew arrived and demolished her bathroom
my daughter came in I recorded her she
was like what is this I don't know I
meant you angry sir why does it make you
angry because right ruling it's ruined
really ruling hopefully the lander will
fix it right we didn't have a bathroom
for over a month we were like packing
our bags every night to find somewhere
to bathe it's it's frustrating because
my rent is paid owners are not viewed
favorably by anybody I think we are
probably somewhere on the bottom next to
real estate agents or bankers Joseph
Strasburg is the president of the rent
stabilization Association a lobbying
group for landlords every economist will
tell you that any artificial controls do
not work explain the stories you're
called the rent stabilization
Association but you're opposed to rent
stable that's correct that's correct
government requires so many rules and
regulations that they impose on owners
many of them are small property owners
not very sophisticated you know even
with all these regulations there's still
this constant flow of people who are
getting evicted and I'm just wondering
what you would say to a homeless family
that was evicted out of a friend
stabilized building oh well if they've
been paying the rent how did they get
evicted
and I was dealin numb just in the past
month we've met so many families but if
they've been paying their rent there is
no way they could be evicted if they
were evicted it was done illegally but
owners they're not in the business of
providing social services that's
government's responsibility every day we
read stories about repairs not being
done
people being harassed they don't get
heat they don't get hot water
gentrification doesn't just happen it is
a system and it is done systematically
there are ways to legally push people
out it's only illegal when you get
caught
Crown Heights Brooklyn more families
from this neighborhood have entered the
shelter system than from any other in
New York I've been here a long time and
I hide the island I'm a senior now
listen to somebody what's that these
people put a pain I can't afford that
I've heard stories at the tenant Union
about them we're at a tenants meeting
called by Keisha Jacobs who lives in
this building
I could be homeless too you know any one
of us can have a situation where
something happens and we lose money on
your apartment any one of us to find
ourselves without our home come on the
building is rent stabilized but Keisha
was the last paying tenant to move in
people told us when they were leaving
they were like this building is about to
change drastically she started to notice
bunk beds and mattresses being moved
into the building so she asked the
building supervisor what was happening
he was like all those are for the people
as there were people and so he was like
Oh for the shelter people the city was
turning keesha's building into a type of
homeless shelter known as a cluster site
a privately owned building that shelters
homeless families they are housing
families in need of emergency shelter in
in my building the city created cluster
sites over a decade ago as homelessness
grew Mayor Bloomberg increasingly
favored paying private landlords for
shelter the folks who own this building
are really making lots of money um from
these people and so you know heshes
landlord is a prominent real estate
family called it Podolski's they owned
about 40 cluster shelters since 2010 the
city has paid them over 90 million
dollars to house homeless families four
of their shelters are in Keisha's
neighborhood so this is pretty typical
door wide open broken into and broken
mailboxes
my building is owned by the same people
who owned this building and we're trying
to improve the conditions in the
buildings that he owns you know this guy
thinks that because the families are
homeless they have no power and just
because a family is in crisis doesn't
mean you should be making me as $1 off
for me the cost of living has
skyrocketed you know I mean and then I
gotta pay utilities okay then I have two
kids and I have to get to work and I
have to buy food do you know how much
the city pays for this visa curtains um
like our budget letter shows that which
is basically like what they pay for our
rank pretty much like the breakdown with
the money that's that plane is paying
for us to stay here that can be given to
us on vouchers and for finding better
places to live I'm sure you know how
much the city is paying to house
families in crisis yeah this is shaquan
Oh Ryan ten months ago she and her
family applied for shelter the city
moved them into this apartment okay
since this is the budget better every
month Shaquanda receives a budget letter
from the city is this how much money
that the city's paying your landlord
yeah for this apartment mm-hmm it's
twenty seven hundred to seven three
seven fifty yep that's a lot of money
you think this apartment is worth that
much note no way chiquan --is building
has a hundred and fifteen open code
violations that's an average of five
violations per unit she says she's asked
for repairs but she's still waiting the
windows ain't fix the first of all they
like don't come on the sock in the
kitchen has not even covered up right
now about a quarter of all homeless
families with children each night are
sleeping in these cluster site shelters
essentially sleeping at apartments and
we the taxpayers are paying a ridiculous
amount of money for that what would you
do with that money the city gave you
that much money
get a better apartment yeah if they
paying twenty seven for me to stay here
and they bothers well paid twenty seven
for me to get my own apartment but you
think other tenants in the building are
paying twenty seven hundred dollars how
much you think they pay less than that I
don't think twenty seven I want folks to
to understand that if it wasn't for this
program that because this apartment is
rent stabilized you could possibly just
afford to be living here wait a minute
so paying tenants in the building the
average rent is nine hundred dollars
right and the city is paying up to three
thousand dollars yes for the same
apartments yes it seems so ridiculous
that you would remove affordable housing
stock from working families to house
people in crisis and then turn a profit
why are people looking for a shelter
elsewhere when they're already in a
dwelling
that's when stabilized it doesn't it
doesn't make any sense to me when mayor
de Blasio was elected he promised to
phase out cluster sites but in the last
year his administration has actually
added two hundred and twenty five
cluster units we are facing high numbers
and we have to ensure that everyone is
safely place Kamil Rivera is the Deputy
Commissioner of New York's Department of
homeless services it's the agency that
oversees the city shelters tell me about
the cluster site program what about the
clusters cluster side shelters it seems
like the city is paying private
landlords quite a bit of money for these
apartments you know actually I would
disagree with that we're working we've
worked over the last year and a half
since the administration first came came
into office to reduce our reliance on
clusters but last year the city actually
increased the number of cluster units by
8%
we still reduced our reliance on it
would I mean that meaning that we are
focusing more on purposeful build
shelters shelters that provide more
robust social services for our families
with children a lot of the families
we've spoken to we've seen their letters
and they're saying that the landlord is
get
paid $2,700 and there's people in the
building paying rents of 500 to a
thousand dollars the letters that people
get include what's called social
services and aftercare components so
it's not something that we're paying the
landlord that amount of rent and I think
that that is a something that's out
there that's not true how much of that
$3,000 or whatever the amount is ends up
going to the landlord is there a formula
there's a formula
we're not gonna discuss that formula let
me tell you about one woman we met she
has two little kids in her building
there are nearly five violations per
unit what is DHS doing about buildings
that have these open code violations we
work with our sister agencies we work
with our providers to make sure they get
fixed I mean the families were
concerning on but this last question
families we're moving on they've created
a situation where they can't sort of
back out of this program they need it
because they need to have housing for
homeless people but they've privatized
it and so once you do that you know
you've made a deal with the devil now we
don't need any more buildings turning
into shelters we need housing so it's
been two months since we met toe on a
little she's still living in shelter and
looking for an apartment she can afford
you have to come up with your own
scenarios yeah as far as how you're
gonna get yourself out of this situation
because you really don't have very much
support I really don't think that
they've put much effort into
understanding what this crisis is
I think that they're throwing money at
it
that's where hunts where all these
shelters are coming up from because
they're kind of disconsolate is throwing
money at things but they're really not
getting into what the problem is in
dealing with the issue you can keep
finding places to warehouse bodies
doesn't end the problem it doesn't work
towards a solution that might end the
problem
in 2014 the overall number of families
and shelter rose by 13% money is being
made it is just like the homeless
population might as well be treated on
the stock market how much of the
homeless worth
what we know about in this city and in
this country if something is really
costing you money you do something about
it
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