"Bioteknologi Konvensional vs Modern : Mana bedanya?"

Summary

In this lecture, the speaker discusses the concept of biotechnology, focusing on the distinction between conventional and modern biotechnology. The session highlights key applications in various sectors like health, agriculture, food, and the environment. Conventional biotechnology, such as tempeh and yogurt production, uses microorganisms directly with simple tools, while modern biotechnology employs advanced methods like genetic engineering for large-scale production of vaccines and antibiotics. The students are encouraged to actively participate, ask questions, and reflect on how biotechnology is closely tied to everyday life.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology is a science that applies engineering principles to process raw materials using living organisms to produce beneficial products and services.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology directly uses microorganisms, while modern biotechnology uses microorganisms indirectly, often involving advanced tools and technologies.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology typically involves smaller-scale production with lower costs, such as homemade cheese or tempeh.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology involves large-scale production with higher costs and the use of genetic engineering and reproductive technologies.
• 😀 Common examples of conventional biotechnology include foods like cheese, yogurt, tempeh, and soy sauce.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology has vast applications in health, including vaccines, antibiotics, and insulin production.
• 😀 Biotechnology plays a major role in agriculture with innovations such as transgenic plants and tissue culture.
• 😀 The environmental sector benefits from biotechnology through methods like waste processing and bioremediation.
• 😀 Vaccines are a prime example of modern biotechnology, as they involve microorganisms or parts of them to build immunity in humans.
• 😀 Tempeh production uses the *Rhizopus* fungus to ferment soybeans, making them softer and more digestible, highlighting conventional biotechnological processes.
• 😀 The lecture emphasized that biotechnology is not only essential in industrial settings but is also a fundamental part of daily life, seen in everyday food products like tempeh and yogurt.

Q & A

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the science that applies scientific and engineering principles to the processing of raw materials (both organic and inorganic) using living organisms like microorganisms, animal cells, and plants to produce products and services that benefit humanity.

What are the two main types of biotechnology discussed in the lecture?

The two main types of biotechnology discussed are conventional biotechnology and modern biotechnology.

How does conventional biotechnology differ from modern biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms directly and on a small scale, usually with simpler tools and at lower costs. In contrast, modern biotechnology uses microorganisms indirectly, often employing advanced technologies like genetic engineering and operates on a larger scale with higher costs.

Can you give examples of products created using conventional biotechnology?

Examples of products created using conventional biotechnology include cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, tempeh, and bread.

What role do microorganisms play in conventional biotechnology?

In conventional biotechnology, microorganisms are used directly for fermentation and other processes to transform raw materials into desired products, like turning milk into cheese or soybeans into tempeh.

What is an example of modern biotechnology, and how does it work?

A key example of modern biotechnology is vaccines. Vaccines are created by using parts of microorganisms, which are often weakened or altered, to stimulate the body's immune system and provide immunity against diseases.

What is the significance of genetic engineering in modern biotechnology?

Genetic engineering in modern biotechnology allows for the modification of organisms at the genetic level, which can lead to the creation of genetically modified crops, transgenic plants, and other biotechnological advancements, making production more efficient and products more effective.

How are vaccines related to modern biotechnology?

Vaccines are a product of modern biotechnology because they contain parts of microorganisms (such as weakened bacteria or viruses) that are used to stimulate the immune system to build immunity against specific diseases.

What is bioremediation, and how does it apply to biotechnology?

Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to break down pollutants in the environment. It is a part of biotechnology applied to environmental management, where it helps clean up contaminated areas, like oil spills or hazardous waste sites.

What are the advantages of using biotechnology in food production?

Biotechnology in food production allows for the creation of more nutritious, longer-lasting, and diverse food products. For example, fermentation processes in biotechnology improve the taste, shelf-life, and nutritional value of products like yogurt and tempeh.