Pancasila Era Orde Lama I Kajian Sejarah Bangsa Indonesia

Summary

This video discusses Pancasila, the state ideology of Indonesia, and its evolution during the Old Order era under President Soekarno. It highlights the political instability of the 1950s, leading to the Presidential Decree of 1959 and the establishment of 'guided democracy.' Despite the intention to uphold democratic principles, Soekarno's authoritarian actions, including dissolving elected bodies and embracing the Nasakom ideology, deviated from Pancasila’s values. The situation worsened with the 1965 PKI rebellion, culminating in Soekarno's downfall and the rise of Soeharto. The video provides an in-depth look at how Pancasila was interpreted and applied during this tumultuous period.

Takeaways

• 😀 Pancasila is the foundation and ideology of Indonesia, guiding citizens in their social life.
• 😀 Pancasila's values were applied even before Indonesia's independence and have evolved over time.
• 😀 The 1950-1959 period marked political and economic instability, leading President Soekarno to issue a Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959.
• 😀 The 1959 Presidential Decree led to the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the return to the 1945 Constitution, and the formation of MPRS and DPAS.
• 😀 During the period from 1959-1966, Indonesia was under a system called 'Guided Democracy,' with power centralized in President Soekarno's hands.
• 😀 There were significant deviations in the interpretation of Pancasila, including Soekarno's authoritarian approach and his appointment as president for life.
• 😀 Soekarno replaced Pancasila with the Nasakom ideology, merging nationalism, religion, and communism, which caused moral decline and challenges to Pancasila.
• 😀 Bung Karno’s vision of Pancasila included Indonesian-style socialism, guided democracy, and a national personality, resulting in events like the PKI rebellion in 1965.
• 😀 The political climate worsened after the PKI rebellion, with students demanding action against the PKI and the resignation of Soekarno's cabinet.
• 😀 Following student protests, Soekarno dissolved student organizations and closed university campuses, signaling a loss of support and authority.
• 😀 The power transition from Soekarno to Soeharto in 1966 marked the end of the Old Order era, with Soeharto officially becoming president in 1968.

Q & A

What is Pancasila and why is it important in Indonesian history?

Pancasila is the ideological foundation and the state philosophy of Indonesia. It serves as a guideline for the Indonesian citizens to live by, reflecting the core values that shape the nation's identity and governance. Pancasila has been integral to Indonesia's national unity and political development.

How did the dynamics of Pancasila change during the Old Order era?

During the Old Order era, the implementation of Pancasila underwent several changes, largely influenced by political instability and government policies. The period saw deviations from Pancasila's original intent, including authoritarian governance and a shift towards a more centralized leadership under President Soekarno.

What led President Soekarno to issue the 1959 Presidential Decree?

The 1959 Presidential Decree was issued due to the political and economic instability in Indonesia during the 1950-1959 period. This instability prompted President Soekarno to disband the Constituent Assembly, return to the 1945 Constitution, and form the MPRS and DPAS to stabilize the country.

What does 'guided democracy' mean, and how did it manifest in Indonesia?

'Guided democracy' refers to a political system where democracy is controlled and guided by a central leader, rather than being fully participatory. In Indonesia, this meant that all decision-making power was concentrated in the hands of President Soekarno, sidelining popular participation and democratic processes.

How did President Soekarno's interpretation of Pancasila lead to authoritarian practices?

President Soekarno's interpretation of Pancasila led to authoritarian practices, such as his appointment as President for life and the dissolution of the elected DPR. These actions contradicted the principles of the 1945 Constitution, centralizing power and reducing democratic freedoms.

What was the role of the Pancasila ideology in the 1965 PKI rebellion?

The Pancasila ideology was manipulated during the 1965 PKI rebellion, where it was used as a tool to justify authoritarian actions. The rebellion and the resulting unrest highlighted the contradictions within the application of Pancasila during Soekarno's guided democracy.

What were the demands of the Indonesian student movements during the 1960s?

The student movements of the 1960s, including the Pancasila Front and the Kahfi, voiced several demands, such as the disbanding of the PKI, cleaning the government of PKI elements, and addressing economic issues like rising prices of basic necessities.

How did the political situation in Indonesia deteriorate under President Soekarno's leadership?

Under President Soekarno, the political situation in Indonesia deteriorated due to increasing authoritarianism, economic instability, and conflict between political factions, particularly following the PKI rebellion. This led to growing dissatisfaction among students and the general public, contributing to calls for change.

What was the significance of Supersemar in the transfer of power from Soekarno to Soeharto?

Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) was a decree issued by President Soekarno in 1966, which gave Lieutenant General Soeharto the authority to restore order. It marked a pivotal moment in Indonesia's history, facilitating the transition of power from Soekarno's Old Order to Soeharto's New Order regime.

What event officially marked the end of the Old Order and the beginning of the New Order in Indonesia?

The official transition from the Old Order to the New Order occurred on March 12, 1966, when Soeharto was inaugurated as the President of Indonesia, following the handover of power through the Supersemar decree and the subsequent actions of the MPRS.