Pemeriksaan Antropometri Bayi & Anak - dr. Nurcahaya Sinaga, Sp.A(K)

Summary

Dr. Nur Cahaya Sinaga, a neuro EE sub-specialist, delivers a comprehensive guide on assessing child growth and development. She covers essential metrics like weight, height, and circumference using WHO and CDC growth curves. The session emphasizes the importance of early identification of nutritional disorders through Z-scores and growth measurements. Developmental milestones such as motor skills, speech, and social interaction are also highlighted, with advice on using KPSP and Denver for early screening. Dr. Sinaga stresses the significance of timely interventions to address developmental delays and ensure optimal growth in children.

Takeaways

• 😀 Growth assessment involves measuring body weight, height, arm circumference, and head circumference, and plotting these measurements on growth curves.
• 😀 The WHO curve is used for children under 5 years old, while the CDC curve is used for children over 5 years old to assess growth.
• 😀 Z-Score is a crucial tool in evaluating whether a child’s growth is disrupted, particularly focusing on weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age.
• 😀 Stunting is assessed using the WHO curve and indicates chronic nutritional issues in children under 5 years old, while short stature is assessed using the CDC curve for children over 5.
• 😀 Weight-for-age is not a reliable indicator of nutritional status for children over 1 year old, though it is useful for infants under 6 months.
• 😀 Nutritional disorders such as malnutrition or obesity can be detected through weight-for-height assessment using the Z-Score. A score below -2 indicates malnutrition, and above 2 indicates overweight or obesity.
• 😀 Developmental assessments focus on four domains: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, speech skills, and social interaction.
• 😀 Early screening for developmental issues is essential. Tools like KPSP and Denver are used to assess children’s development, with caregivers able to use KPSP and healthcare professionals using Denver.
• 😀 The assessment of gross motor skills begins early, with milestones like head lifting at 2 months being critical for identifying delays.
• 😀 Social interaction and speech development should be assessed as early as 3 months, as delays in eye contact or speech can signal issues like autism or developmental delays.
• 😀 It is crucial to intervene early in developmental issues. For example, a child should be able to speak simple sentences by the age of 2, and any delay should prompt immediate intervention.

Q & A

What are the primary measurements used to assess a child's growth?

The primary measurements used to assess a child's growth include body weight, height, arm circumference, and head circumference.

How do we assess whether a child's growth is disrupted or normal?

We assess a child's growth by plotting their measurements on a growth curve, such as the WHO or CDC curves, which help determine if the child's growth is on track.

What is the Z-score, and how is it used in growth assessment?

The Z-score helps assess nutritional status. It is used to evaluate weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age. For example, weight-for-height below -2 indicates undernutrition, while above +2 indicates overweight.

What is the significance of the WHO growth curve in children under 5 years old?

The WHO growth curve is used for children under 5 years old and helps assess their weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age to identify potential growth disturbances such as malnutrition or stunting.

How does the CDC growth curve differ from the WHO curve?

The CDC growth curve is used for children over 5 years old and focuses on assessing 'short stature' instead of stunting. It doesn't include the term 'stunting' but is used to evaluate a child's nutritional status and genetic potential based on the height of the parents.

What is weight faltering, and how is it identified?

Weight faltering refers to a failure in expected weight gain. It can be identified when a child's weight shifts below one percentile line on the growth chart, indicating that the child has not gained weight as expected.

What are the four main domains of child development that should be assessed?

The four main domains of child development that should be assessed are gross motor skills, fine motor skills, speech skills, and social interaction.

What screening tools are recommended for assessing child development?

The KPSP is a caregiver-friendly screening tool for children under 6 months, while the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver) is used by healthcare workers to assess developmental milestones.

At what age should parents begin to assess a child's motor skills and speech development?

Parents should begin assessing a child's motor skills and speech development from as early as 3 months. At this age, children should show signs of gross motor skills like lifting their head and fine motor skills like opening their hands.

How can early intervention help in developmental assessments?

Early intervention can help address developmental issues such as speech delays or motor impairments before they become more serious. Identifying issues as early as 3 months allows for timely referrals and interventions to support the child's development.