VIDEO PRAKTEK PEMBERIAN TRANSFUSI DARAH

Summary

This educational video guides viewers through the essential steps of performing a blood transfusion. It covers patient identification, preparing necessary tools, and ensuring safety protocols like checking the blood label and maintaining sterile conditions. The video emphasizes monitoring the patient for any allergic reactions, setting proper transfusion rates, and observing vital signs during the procedure. With clear instructions, it provides a comprehensive approach to ensure a safe and efficient blood transfusion process. The video concludes with post-procedure care, including documentation and proper disposal of equipment.

Takeaways

• 😀 Always identify the patient using at least two forms of identification before starting the transfusion.
• 😀 Inform the patient about the purpose of the procedure before proceeding with the transfusion.
• 😀 Prepare the necessary equipment, including gloves, alcohol swabs, plasters, scissors, and NaCl 0.9% solution.
• 😀 Wash hands thoroughly with a six-step hand hygiene technique and wear clean gloves before handling any equipment.
• 😀 Double-check the blood product's label for correct blood type, Rh factor, expiration date, serial number, and patient identity.
• 😀 Ensure that an intravenous (IV) access is properly established and free from complications like phlebitis or local infections.
• 😀 Administer NaCl 50-100 mL before starting the transfusion to prepare the patient.
• 😀 Adjust the transfusion rate to 2 mL per minute during the first 15 minutes and monitor for any allergic reactions.
• 😀 Transfuse blood products according to specific time frames: 4 hours for PRC, 2 hours for platelets (TC), and 6 hours for fresh frozen plasma (FFP).
• 😀 After the transfusion, flush the IV line with NaCl and monitor vital signs for any changes, particularly during the first 15 minutes and at 4 hours post-transfusion.
• 😀 If allergic reactions occur at any point, stop the transfusion immediately and take appropriate action. Don't forget to document the entire procedure.

Q & A

What is the first step in the blood transfusion procedure?

The first step is to identify the patient using at least two identifiers, such as their name and date of birth.

Why is it important to inform the patient about the procedure?

It is important to inform the patient about the procedure so that they are aware of what will happen, helping them feel more comfortable and prepared.

What equipment is needed for the blood transfusion process?

The required equipment includes clean gloves, alcohol swabs, plaster, scissors, absorbent pads, saline solution (NaCl 0.9%), and the blood product itself.

How should you check the blood product before administering it?

You should double-check the label on the blood product to ensure the correct blood type (ABO and Rh), expiration date, serial number, and the patient's identity.

What is the significance of saline administration before starting the transfusion?

Administering 50-100 ml of saline before the transfusion helps prepare the vein and ensures the blood transfusion will proceed smoothly.

What should you do if the patient shows signs of an allergic reaction during the transfusion?

If the patient shows signs of an allergic reaction, stop the transfusion immediately and monitor their condition closely.

What is the correct drip rate for the first 15 minutes of blood transfusion?

For the first 15 minutes, set the drip rate to 2 ml per minute and observe the patient for any allergic reactions.

How long should different types of blood products be transfused?

PRC (Packed Red Cells), WBC, and PRCLD products should be transfused within 4 hours, platelets (TC) within 2 hours, and FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma) or cryoprecipitate within 6 hours.

Why is it necessary to flush with saline after completing the blood transfusion?

Flushing with saline helps clear the transfusion line and ensures any remaining blood product is fully administered.

What is the importance of monitoring vital signs during a blood transfusion?

Monitoring vital signs during the transfusion helps detect any changes in the patient's condition, especially signs of a reaction, so appropriate action can be taken if necessary.