Demokrasi

Summary

This script discusses the evolution of democracy in Indonesia, beginning with the parliamentary system after independence in 1945, followed by the Guided Democracy period under President Sukarno, and the New Order era under President Soeharto. It highlights key political transitions, including the Reformasi era of the late 1990s, which brought about decentralization, direct presidential elections, and freedom of the press. The script outlines the principles, components, and types of democracy, emphasizing Indonesia's commitment to Pancasila democracy. It also provides examples of democratic practices like free elections, freedom of speech, and public participation in policy-making.

Takeaways

• 😀 Democracy in Indonesia is a system of government where the people are the primary source of power. Government decisions are made based on the will of the people through elections and representation.
• 😀 The motto of democracy in Indonesia is 'from the people, by the people, for the people', emphasizing the role of citizens in decision-making processes.
• 😀 The history of Indonesian democracy can be divided into several stages, starting from the parliamentary system after independence in 1945 until the present-day system.
• 😀 The first phase of democracy (1945–1959) followed a parliamentary system with executive power in the hands of the Prime Minister, who was accountable to the legislature.
• 😀 Democracy in Indonesia shifted to 'guided democracy' under President Sukarno from 1959 to 1966 due to political instability, with power becoming more centralized in the president.
• 😀 The New Order period (1966–1998) introduced the Pancasila democracy, which focused on political stability and tight control by the government, under President Suharto.
• 😀 The reformasi period began in 1998 after the fall of Suharto, marked by a transition to a more democratic system, including decentralization of power, limitation of presidential terms, and media freedom.
• 😀 Key principles of democracy include popular sovereignty, the rule of law, respect for human rights, separation of powers, and public involvement in governance.
• 😀 Components of Indonesian democracy involve the sovereignty of the people, free and fair elections, freedom of expression, accountability, rule of law, and respect for human rights.
• 😀 Indonesia adheres to Pancasila democracy, which reflects the cultural and societal needs of its people, differing from other countries' democratic systems based on their unique conditions.
• 😀 Notable characteristics of democracy include citizen participation, legal equality, transparent governance, majority decision-making, and the protection of human rights, all embedded in Indonesia's democratic system.

Q & A

What is the essence of democracy in Indonesia?

The essence of democracy in Indonesia is that the power lies with the people. Decisions are made based on the will of the people through representation or elections, with the slogan 'from the people, by the people, for the people' encapsulating this idea.

How did the system of government in Indonesia evolve post-independence?

Post-independence, Indonesia initially adopted a parliamentary system, with executive power vested in the Prime Minister, which was different from the system in place today.

What was the Guided Democracy period in Indonesia?

The Guided Democracy period (1959-1966) was a time when political instability led President Sukarno to centralize power. He issued a decree that dissolved the Constituent Assembly and restored the 1945 Constitution, leading to a system where decisions were made primarily by the president.

What led to the emergence of the New Order regime?

The New Order regime emerged in 1966 after President Sukarno’s resignation. General Suharto took power, with support from the military and political factions, and implemented a tightly controlled government under the concept of Pancasila Democracy.

What were the major reforms during the Reformasi era?

The Reformasi era, starting in 1998, introduced several democratic reforms including decentralization, direct presidential elections, media freedom, limitations on presidential terms, and increased political transparency and accountability.

What is the concept of 'Pancasila Democracy' in Indonesia?

Pancasila Democracy, introduced during the New Order era, focuses on political stability with strong governmental control, reflecting the values of Pancasila, Indonesia’s five foundational principles, emphasizing unity and national stability.

What are the main principles of democracy in Indonesia?

The main principles of democracy in Indonesia include popular sovereignty, justice, consultation, a balance between rights and duties, unity, rule of law, constitutional governance, and belief in God.

What role do media and political parties play in Indonesian democracy?

Media and political parties play a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and public participation. They help in monitoring government actions, offering criticisms, and ensuring that decisions are aligned with the will of the people.

How has Indonesia ensured public participation in governance?

Indonesia has ensured public participation by allowing citizens to express their opinions through elections, political demonstrations, media outlets, and public consultations, providing platforms for people to contribute to policy-making.

What are the core components of Indonesian democracy?

Core components of Indonesian democracy include sovereignty of the people, free and fair elections, freedom of speech, a representative government, human rights protections, the rule of law, media freedom, and active participation by political parties and citizens.