La Décima: Estructura, Versos y Rima (con ejemplos)

Summary

In this video, viewers will learn about the Décima, a traditional 10-line poem originating from Spain, popularized by the poet Vicente Espinel in the 15th century. The video explains its structure, with 8-syllable verses and a unique consonant rhyme scheme. It highlights essential rules for counting syllables, such as sinalefa and the handling of aguda and esdrújula words. Additionally, the video discusses how the Décima has been embraced in Latin American folk music, where it's often used for storytelling and expressing emotions. The tutorial also offers a detailed analysis of a sample Décima to demonstrate its rhythm and rhyme.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 'Décima' is a 10-line poem originating from Spain, popularized by Vicente Espinel in the 15th century.
• 😀 The Décima structure consists of 10 verses, each containing exactly 8 syllables.
• 😀 The Décima's rhythm relies on 'sinalefa,' a rule where two vowels from adjacent words are counted as one syllable.
• 😀 If a line ends with an 'aguda' word, one extra syllable is added to the verse count.
• 😀 If a line ends with a 'esdrújula' word, one syllable is subtracted from the total syllable count.
• 😀 The Décima uses consonant rhyme, where the ending sounds of certain lines are identical.
• 😀 The rhyme scheme of the Décima follows a pattern: 'a b b a a c c d d c'.
• 😀 Popular in Spanish-speaking countries, the Décima is often used in folk music to tell stories or express emotions.
• 😀 The Décima was originally written and spread through books and papers but later became popular in oral traditions.
• 😀 In rural areas, Décima poems are often performed in spontaneous poetic duels or with musical accompaniment.
• 😀 Understanding the syllable count and rhyming scheme is crucial when writing a Décima to maintain its structure and flow.

Q & A

What is a 'Décima' poem?

A 'Décima' is a type of poem that consists of 10 verses. It originated in Spain, made popular by the Spanish poet Vicente Espinel in the late 15th century.

Who is credited with making the 'Décima' popular?

Vicente Espinel, a Spanish poet, is credited with popularizing the 'Décima' poem in the late 15th century.

How was the 'Décima' initially spread?

Initially, the 'Décima' was spread through written forms like books and papers. However, its popularity grew, and it started being transmitted orally.

How did the 'Décima' spread to America?

The 'Décima' reached America with the arrival of the Spanish colonizers, where it was adopted by popular poets, especially in rural areas.

What is the structure of a 'Décima' poem?

A 'Décima' consists of 10 octosyllabic verses, meaning each line has exactly 8 syllables. The rhyme pattern follows an 'ABBAACCDDC' structure.

What does 'octosyllabic' mean in the context of a 'Décima' poem?

'Octosyllabic' means that each verse in the poem contains exactly 8 syllables.

What is the 'sinalefa' rule in a 'Décima' poem?

The 'sinalefa' rule occurs when a word ends in a vowel and the next word begins with a vowel. In this case, the two vowels are counted as one syllable.

How does the accent of a word affect syllable counting in a 'Décima' poem?

The accent of the final word of a verse can affect syllable counting. If the word is 'aguda' (accented on the last syllable), one extra syllable is added. If the word is 'esdrújula' (accented on the antepenultimate syllable), one syllable is subtracted.

What is the rhyme scheme used in a 'Décima' poem?

The rhyme scheme for a 'Décima' poem follows the pattern 'ABBAACCDDC', meaning the first and fourth/fifth verses rhyme, the second and third rhyme, and so on.

Can you explain how the syllable count and rhyme scheme are applied to a specific 'Décima' example?

For example, in the provided 'Décima', the first verse ends with 'flor', which rhymes with 'olor' in the fourth verse and 'calor' in the fifth. The syllable count is carefully verified for each verse, ensuring they all adhere to the 8-syllable rule.