Sistem Tenaga Listrik - Bagaimana kita bisa menikmati listrik PLN

Summary

This video explains the electric power system in Indonesia, from the generation of electricity to its distribution. It covers various types of power plants, including hydro, thermal, geothermal, diesel, and solar power. The process of transforming electricity, from high-voltage transmission through step-up transformers to lower voltages for distribution, is detailed. It also explains the role of substations and the types of cables used in distribution, as well as how electricity reaches homes. This process ensures efficient delivery of power to consumers, from the source to households, in both single-phase and three-phase systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Electricity is essential for modern life, providing power for homes, cooling, entertainment, and daily activities.
• 😀 The video explains how electricity from PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) is distributed from generation to homes.
• 😀 Indonesia's electrical system is divided into three main stages: generation, transmission, and distribution.
• 😀 Different types of power plants in Indonesia include hydropower (PLTA), steam (PLTU), geothermal (PLTP), diesel (PLTD), and solar (PLTS).
• 😀 All power plants convert potential energy into electrical energy to supply the grid.
• 😀 The transmission stage involves raising voltage through step-up transformers to prevent voltage drop over long distances.
• 😀 High voltages like 150 kV and 500 kV are used in the transmission system to reduce current and minimize cost by using smaller cables.
• 😀 Electricity is transmitted via SWT and Sutet (extra-high voltage) lines and then reduced to 20 kV at substations using step-down transformers.
• 😀 Distribution uses 20 kV medium-voltage lines, which then pass through local transformers before being delivered to homes at lower voltages.
• 😀 The final stage delivers either 220V single-phase or 380V three-phase electricity to households, depending on the type of service required.

Q & A

What are the main components of the electrical power system in Indonesia?

The main components of the electrical power system in Indonesia are power generation, transmission, and distribution.

What types of power plants are used in Indonesia for electricity generation?

The types of power plants in Indonesia include PLTA (hydropower), PLTU (coal-fired power plants), PLTP (geothermal power plants), PLTD (diesel power plants), and PLTS (solar power plants).

How is electricity transmitted over long distances in Indonesia?

Electricity is transmitted at high voltages of 150 kV or 500 kV using power lines. This helps minimize energy loss over long distances.

Why is the voltage increased to 150 kV or 500 kV during transmission?

The voltage is increased to prevent voltage drop during long-distance transmission. Higher voltage results in lower current, which reduces the thickness of the power cables needed and thus lowers costs.

What happens to the electricity once it reaches the substation?

At the substation, the voltage of the electricity is reduced using step-down transformers to 20 kV, which is considered medium voltage, making it suitable for distribution.

What is the voltage used for residential electricity distribution in Indonesia?

For residential use, electricity is distributed at 220 V for single-phase homes and 380 V for three-phase homes.

What are the types of cables used for electricity distribution in Indonesia?

The cables used for electricity distribution in Indonesia include A3C (bare wire), A3CS (insulated wire), and MP3 (medium voltage twisted cables).

How does the use of high voltage benefit the transmission of electricity?

Using high voltage reduces the current, which in turn allows for smaller cables and less energy loss during transmission, making the system more efficient and cost-effective.

What is the purpose of step-down transformers in the electricity distribution process?

Step-down transformers lower the voltage from 20 kV to 220 V or 380 V, making the electricity safe and usable for homes and businesses.

How does electricity from PLN reach a typical household in Indonesia?

Electricity from PLN is transmitted through high-voltage power lines, stepped down at substations, and then distributed through medium voltage cables to local distribution transformers, where it is further reduced to 220 V or 380 V before being delivered to homes.