Does the economy matter to the far right? | Business Beyond
Summary
TLDR2024年の世界最大の選挙年を背景に、世界中の支持を集める極右政党が台頭しています。経済は彼らの人気にどのような役割を果たしているのでしょうか。経済低迷や衰退する分野からの投票者からの支持を集めており、経済不安が独裁的・民衆主義政党の支持を高める要因となっています。しかし、経済政策自体が極右政党の支持を動かす主な要因ではないと指摘する専門家もいます。彼らは、文化的・社会的価値観、特に移民問題などの文化的な問題が、経済問題を超越した重要な要素であると語ります。一方、ビジネスリーダーは極右政権による経済への影響について懸念を示しており、EUからの離脱を求める政党はビジネスにとって損害を与えると指摘しています。経済危機が起きた場合、極右政党はその場に強い立場を占めることができると諸問題が浮上しています。
Takeaways
- 🗳️ 2024年は世界で最も重要な選挙年であり、多くの選挙では極右派が支持を集めています。
- 🌏 極右派は世界中の多くの地域で勢力を拡大しており、特にヨーロッパでは多くの国民議会で重要な足holdsを築き、一部はすでに政権を握っています。
- 💼 経済は極右派の支持を獲得する要因の一つであり、経済的な見通しが低い層や衰退している分野の人々からの票を獲得しています。
- 🎖️ 経済不安定な人々にとって、経済は独裁的・民謡主義政党の重要性を高める要因です。
- 🏭 経済は極右派にとって文化戦争の延長として扱われており、経済復興の約束が支持を集める手段とされています。
- 🤔 ビジネスリーダーは極右派政権の見通しについて懸念を示しており、EU離脱などの政策がビジネスに損害を与える可能性があります。
- 🏛️ 「極右派」という言葉の正確性について議論があり、経済政策よりも文化問題に関する立場が極右派を特徴付けています。
- 🌈 文化的な価値観、人権、移民などの問題は極右派政党を支持する選挙者の動機となっており、経済政策よりも重要視されています。
- 📊 経済指標は極右派政党が勢力を持ちやすい場所を予測する指標とはならないと見なされています。
- 🏗️ 経済危機後の10年間で極右派は成長しましたが、2015年の難民危機が彼らの現在的地位を築いたとされています。
- 🌐 反グローバリゼーションは極右派運動の共通の主張の一つであり、経済保護主義につながることもあります。
- 🏭 産業復興の約束は極右派支持層にとって魅力的であり、旧産業地帯の人々がその主張に共感しています。
- 🇪🇺 ヨーロッパ連合に対する反発は極右派運動の一般的な主張ですが、一部の政党はEUからの離脱ではなく、EUを変えるという姿勢を示しています。
- 📊 経済政策に関しては、極右派政党は国内の議題に応じて異なる主張を持っていますが、グローバリゼーションに反対する点で一致しています。
- 🚫 ビジネス界は極右派政党の経済政策に懸念を持ち、彼らが政権を握ると経済に悪影響を与えると警戒しています。
- 🔄 しかし、経済危機が起きた場合、極右派政党は支持を広げることができますが、現在のヨーロッパでは雇用と福祉の状況は安定しています。
Q & A
2024年はなぜ世界で最も重要な選挙年とされていますか?
-2024年は世界史の中で最も重要な選挙年とされています。これは、多くの人々の投票が極右派政党に支持を集めているという大きな選挙が行われるためです。
極右派政党が経済面でどのような影響を与えているとされていますか?
-極右派政党は経済面での影響を与える一方で、経済面が彼らの人気に寄与しているとされています。経済的な見通しが低い層や衰退している分野の人々からの票を獲得していると報告されています。
経済学は極右派政党の人気にどのような役割を果たしていますか?
-経済学は極右派政党の人気に重要な役割を果たしていますが、特に経済的に不安定な人々にとっては、権威主義的・民衆主義政党の重要性を高める要因となっています。
極右派政党は経済に関する何を主張していますか?
-極右派政党は経済に関する様々な主張を持っており、経済を文化戦争の延長として扱っているとされています。彼らは経済を通じて国家主義や社会保守主義を強化する策略を用いています。
ビジネスリーダーは極右派政党による政府に対してどのような考えを持っていますか?
-ビジネスリーダーは極右派政党による政府に対して懸念を示しており、経済的な影響がビジネスに有害であると感じています。例えば、EUからの離脱を主張する政党はビジネスにとって有害だと考えられています。
「遠い右派」という言葉の意味は何であり、なぜ誤解を招く可能性がありますか?
-「遠い右派」という言葉は、国家主義、強硬な反移民情绪、歐州疑問主義を結びつける政党を指しますが、現代の複雑な政治状況においては誤解を招く可能性があります。経済に関する従来の左と右の区別は、文化的問題に関する新しい分離に取って代わられつつあるためです。
経済政策は極右派政党とその支持者を動機づけていますか?
-経済政策は極右派政党とその支持者をある程度動機づけていますが、文化的問題がより重要な役割を果たしています。経済政策は彼らにとって重要な問題ではありますが、移民や性別アイデンティティなどの他の問題と比べると、政治化された程度は低いとされています。
移民と経済はどのように関連していますか?
-移民は経済問題と関連しており、北欧の一部の国々では経済的成長と福利国家主義が移民と関連して極右派政党の支持を強化する要因となっています。しかし、経済インジケーター自体は極右派政党がどこで強いかを予測する指標にはなりません。
極右派政党が経済に関する何を主張していますか?
-極右派政党は経済に関する様々な主張を持っており、グローバリゼーションに強い反対意見を示したり、国家の自己完結性や古い産業復興への懐古的な希望を示す傾向があります。
ビジネスは極右派政党の経済政策にどのように反応していますか?
-ビジネスは極右派政党の経済政策に懸念を示しており、多くのビジネスリーダーが彼らの政権獲得に反対しています。経済保護主義や経済国家主義への転向は、輸出指向企業にとって利益ではありません。
経済危機が極右派政党にどのような影響を与える可能性がありますか?
-経済危機が極右派政党に影響を与える可能性があり、雇用と福利国家の提供能力が脅かされることで彼らは支持を集めることができます。しかし、現在の雇用率が低いと福利国家の構造が強いことで、過去の経済危機と異なります。
現在の時代において「経済がばかげている」というフレーズは適切ですか?
-現在の時代においては、「経済がばかげている」というフレーズは適切ではないかもしれません。文化的問題が極右派政党の支持を集める重要な要素であり、文化的問題がより重要な政治的警句となっています。
Outlines
🗳️ 2024年の選挙と経済
2024年は世界で最も重要な選挙年であり、何億人もの投票者が遠右派政党に支持を寄せている。経済は彼ら人気を集める要因の一つであるが、特に経済的将来が不透明な層や衰退している分野の人々からの票を獲得している。遠右派は経済を文化戦争の延長として利用しており、経済政策について語ることも少なくないが、彼らは経済を通じて国家主義や自己完結性、旧産業の復活を主張している。
🌐 経済成長と移民問題
経済成長が強い国々においても遠右政党が台頭している。特に移民問題は経済問題と関連しており、北方ヨーロッパの国々では高水準の移民と福祉制度に対する国家主義的な感情が遠右政党を支持する要因となっている。経済的なインジケーターは遠右政党がどこで強力になるかを予測する指標とはならないが、選挙の勝利には経済的背景だけでなく多様な社会経済的背景を持つ支持層が関与している。
🛑 反グローバリゼーションと経済政策
遠右政党はグローバリゼーションに強い反対意見を示しており、経済的自己完結性や旧産業の復活を提唱している。アメリカのトランプ大統領やフランスのマリーヌ・レペンなど、彼らはグローバリゼーションを批判し、経済的な自己完結性や国家主義を重視する。また、EUへの強い反対意見も見られるが、一部の政党はEUから脱退するのではなく、EUを変革することを目指している。
🇩🇪 ドイツのafdと経済政策
afdはドイツで最も人気のある政党の一つであり、経済政策にはVATの削減、税金の増加しない方針、ドイツ税制の見直し、ユーロ圏からの離脱などを主張している。しかし、批判意見では、これらの政策が富裕層に有利で貧困層には不利益になると指摘している。ビジネス側からは、特に国際市場に依存する企業からはafdへの警戒感が強い。
🏭 経済危機と遠右政党の台頭
1920年代と2020年代の経済状況を比較し、現在のヨーロッパでは雇用状況が良好で福祉制度も強化されているが、経済危機が起きた場合、遠右政党はその危機を利用して支持を広げることができる可能性がある。経済危機が遠右政党の台頭につながる恐れがあるが、現在の経済状況では雇用と福祉の保障があるため、遠右政党が支持を得るには文化的議題がより重要な役割を果たしている。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡遠右政党
💡経済的不安定
💡文化戦争
💡権威主義
💡反グローバリゼーション
💡経済的自己完済
💡経済危機
💡ビジネスリーダー
💡労働陳兵
💡社会分断
Highlights
2024年是全球历史上最重要的选举年,数十亿选民中有很多人支持所谓的极右翼政党。
极右翼政党在欧洲许多国家议会中占有重要地位,有些甚至已经掌权。
经济因素在推动极右翼政党的流行中扮演了什么角色?
极右翼政党成功地从经济前景较差的选民那里获得选票。
经济不安全感增强了这些威权民粹主义政党的显著性。
极右翼政党如何谈论经济?例如承诺恢复矿工的工作。
商业领袖对极右翼政府的前景感到担忧。
“极右翼”一词在当今经常被使用,但它的确切含义是什么?
欧洲议会中的一些政党被标记为极右翼,它们通常具有民族主义、强烈反移民情绪和欧洲怀疑主义。
政治学家Pip Anaris认为“极右翼”这个术语已经过时,不再准确。
文化问题而非经济问题正在推动对这些政党的支持。
移民问题特别显示了文化而非经济是激励选民支持这些政党的因素。
北欧一些经济表现相对强劲的国家也出现了反移民政党的成功。
一些极右翼支持者将移民与经济问题联系起来,表现出福利沙文主义。
经济指标并不能决定极右翼政党的强势地区。
极右翼政党的支持者来自不同的社会经济背景。
2015年的难民危机是推动极右翼政党在欧洲占据显著地位的催化剂。
极右翼政党在谈论经济时,通常反对全球化,并倡导国家自给自足。
反对全球化与怀旧情绪和恢复旧工业的承诺相联系。
极右翼运动中的反全球化反弹现在已经成为主流。
极右翼政党对欧盟的强烈反对意味着对自由贸易的干扰。
德国选择党(AfD)是德国第二大受欢迎的政党,但被争议所困扰。
德国商业领袖普遍反对AfD,担心其政策会损害经济繁荣。
极右翼政党与商业之间存在模糊的关系,但面向出口的公司通常对经济保护主义和民族主义持怀疑态度。
极右翼政党在欧洲的崛起引发了对20世纪20年代和30年代的担忧,当时经济危机帮助法西斯统治上台。
目前,极右翼政党在欧洲和其他地方因文化问题而非经济问题而蓬勃发展。
文化而非经济问题更能激发极右翼政党的基本支持者的热情。
经济问题虽然也是极右翼政党主题的一部分,但并非主流主题。
极右翼的崛起表明,对于当前这个分裂的时代,文化问题可能比经济问题更重要。
Transcripts
2024 is the biggest election year in
Global
history and many of the several billion
voters casting ballots are throwing
their support behind the so-called far
right the far right has gained ground in
many parts of the world particularly in
Europe across the continent farri
parties have a significant foothold in
many national parliaments and some are
already in
power but what role has economics played
in driving their popular
it they've been very success successful
in um in recruiting votes from voters
with lower economic prospects um in jobs
and sectors generally in Decline those
economics matter of course what it
really does particularly for those who
are insecure is it drives a lot of the
salience of these authoritarian populist
parties what do the parties themselves
say about the
economy you watch what happened if I win
we're going to bring those miners back
you're going to be so proud of your
president you're going to be so proud of
your
country in a sense that the economy is
for them basically an extension of the
culture war and how do Business Leaders
feel about the prospect of governments
led by the far right if a party like the
RFD says we need to get out of the
European Union we're against the
European Union this is very harmful to
my business answers to these questions
and more for on business
Beyond we hear the term far right a lot
nowadays you're going to hear it a lot
in this episode but what does it
actually mean and is it the right term
to
use in the EU political parties
Affiliated to a group in the European
Parliament called identity and democracy
are routinely labeled as far right some
of the themes which bind them
nationalism strong anti-immigration
sentiment and euroskepticism
so we're talking about parties such as
France's national
rally the Netherlands party for Freedom
along with several others across the EU
many designate Italy's Prime Minister
Georgia Malone and hungary's prime
minister Victor Orban as far right it's
also used for Germany's afd Donald Trump
and the Maga movement in the US and at
times even with the conservative party
in the
UK what some experts say the term far
right doesn't work anymore one is the
political scientist pip anaris from
Harvard University I try to avoid it
basically because I don't think it's
very accurate it's an oldfashioned term
because Europeans used to think of
everything in Left Right ever since the
French Revolution and that made some
sense when you had uh Conservative
Christian democrats and you had social
Democrats and socialist parties nowadays
it's more
complicated she thinks classic Left
Right divides over the economy are
gradually being superseded Ed by a split
over cultural issues and it's a wide
range of issues on issues like for
example abortional Reproductive Rights
lgbtq rights nationalism versus
cosmopolitanism human rights versus a
sense of a strong state it helps explain
why you're probably more likely to hear
politicians like Donald Trump or vikor
Orban decrying the so-called woke agenda
than discussing Economic Policy some
people again talk about populism which
is a very vague term but really it's
about the values about the moral issues
and the social issues which divide
society and classically of course that
includes immigration in Europe but many
other issues that go along that but I
think nowadays the idea that there's a
simple unidimensional Left Right
spectrum is more misleading and confuses
more than actually helps us to
understand why these parties appeal to
to a wide variety of different uh voters
let's drill a little deeper into this
idea that it is culture rather than the
economy which has driven support for
these parties Philip rthb is a lecturer
at the University of Edinburgh and he
has studied farri right parties in
detail I asked him to what extent
Economic Policy motivates these parties
and their voters so they had their first
electional breakthroughs in the 80s and
the
1990s and that was a context where the
economy was very much
depoliticized in the sense that there
was a market conforming consensus and
economically liberal consensus that
depoliticized the economy and thereby
open the door for the politicization of
other issues that is immigration Asylum
gender identity and these are the issues
on which these parties are are in a good
position to mobilize that's their their
territory that's their home tur if you
will pip andaris says the issue of
immigration in particular shows how it
is culture rather than economics which
motivates voters to support these
parties she points to the success of
anti-immigrant parties in EU countries
where the economy has performed
relatively strongly over recent
decades think about the countries which
have had uh tremendous um economic
growth and um a fairly generous welfare
state think about Sweden think about
Denmark think about the Netherlands and
think about Germany and all of those are
ones which weren't that affected by the
Euro crisis in all of these countries I
just mentioned in the affluent north of
Europe there's been a strong party which
has emerged in each case however
immigration is still connected to
economic issues for some farri
supporters in northern Europe they they
don't go against um foreign Goods
because they have export surpluses they
they don't go against foreign Capital
because they they they have a a solid
loyal uh employe and business class but
they go against foreign people in the
sense that what they mobilize on is
welfare chauvinism because these
countries they have relatively high
levels of immigration but also
relatively high levels of welfare so
here the Nationalist impulse goes
against welfare entitlements for
foreigners but the experts we spoke to
believe that economic indicators do not
determine where the far Rite will be
strong economic uh inequality at the
objective level measured by for example
inflation jobs or unemployment or other
indicators such as uh GDP growth or GDP
levels does not predict where you see
these parties emerging but are there
still economic factors which determine
why certain voters go with the far right
after the brexit and Trump votes in 2016
a common narrative was that it was
disenfranchised poorer voters who had
secured the paths to Victory there
certainly is a correlation um but we
should also not underestimate to what
extent why doing populism is attractive
to not only sort of the lower income or
de-industrialized
that's lyanna fix a historian and
political scientist and she says it's
important to note that farri parties
pick up support from voters of various
socioeconomic backgrounds crunching down
the numbers there also there's also
significant support for Whitewing
parties that comes from middle class
sort of higher middle class and also not
underestimate that um you know it's it's
not the fault of the poor who are only
working for the populists or voting for
the populists or for the extremists
they're also other voter
um other voters that that are attracted
um by these parties these voters are not
the poor um so the poor either they vote
for the left or they don't vote at all
um so the the poor have really a low
level of of of
turnout and so what the radic WR uh is
that their electoral stronghold is
rather among the lower middle class and
working class while many farri parties
grew in the decade which followed the
global financial crisis those we spoke
to believe it was the refugee crisis of
2015 which ultimately drove them to
their current positions of prominence in
Europe at
least I mean it was after that in 2015
that we could see an electoral
breakthrough of the IFD in Germany um of
the Sweden Democrats Sweden of um vo in
Spain of shga uh in Portugal I think the
the the the um the financial crisis led
to a broader decline of of the political
mainstream in favor of the left and the
right whereas the refugee crisis was was
uh was a catalyst for for the radical
right more specifically as we could see
the rise of radical right parties that
didn't really exist or that were Fringe
parties before the refugee crisis but
when these parties do speak about the
economy what do they say they obviously
don't all speak with one voice and they
have their own domestic agendas but
there are some areas where they they
tend to agree and one is a strong
opposition to
globalization during his successful 2016
US presidential election campaign Donald
Trump tapped into apparent voter
frustration around a globalized
economy our politicians have
aggressively pursued a policy of
globalization moving our jobs our wealth
and our factories to Mexico and overseas
globalization has made the financial who
donate to
politicians very very wealthy I used to
be one of
them others such as Francis Marine Leen
have used the word globalization as a
catchall term to reflect many of what
she sees as societies
ills the political choice that the
French people will have to make is clear
Mr M is the candid of uberization wild
globalization insecurity social
brutality the war of all against all the
economic ransacking of our large
corporations lyanna fix says the
backlash against globalization has now
become quite mainstream but that the
idea Chimes strongly with an economic
idea Central to farri right movements
National
self-sufficiency the criticism that the
Whitewing makes is linked to a more
cultural idea of well why don't we go
back back to the Golden Age which has
never existed of the nation state where
every country can decide whatever they
want to do from the themselves is not
dependent on other countries and that is
obviously an illusion that age has never
really existed um International Trade
always played an important role for any
nation state but being opposed to
globalization goes well with another
thread common to far right movements
Nostalgia for old industry and a pledge
to bring it back there's a host of
research showing how these voters um low
and middle class working class have
experienced um status anxieties in the
sense that they are in jobs that come
under pressure from
de-industrialization from technological
change from globalization Trump himself
said he was going to stand for the coal
miners of Virginia and for the Rust Belt
in Michigan and to some extent that did
play with his base and people often said
well look he probably can't restore
manufacturing industry but at least he
speaks for us he speaks for our concerns
another part of the anti-globalization
backlash among farri right movements is
opposition to
multilateralism in Europe that typically
means Fierce opposition to the EU there
used to be an agreement for example
about Europe the benefits of the being
in the European Union and there was very
little question about that the idea was
you'd have free markets in the European
Union and you'd have basically a
different standards as well that could
be set um and could be regulated within
that since the 2016 brexit Vault various
far-right parties in Europe have flirted
with anti-eu positions although some
notice is softening since the turbulence
of the UK's
exit not all far parties in Europe
demand for example the end of the
European Union Georg milone for instance
has adapted her her her approach and is
trying to change the European Union from
in and seems to be much more mainstream
than what was expected Marine Leen in
France also has sted the Ric against
leave the WWI in favor of leaving the
European Union but in sort of arguing
for a new European Union One party whose
anti-eu position has not softened much
is Germany's alternative for Deutschland
or the afd currently the second most
popular party in the country going by
opinion polls that party was founded in
2013 in response to the Eurozone
crisis understandably it has fiercely
euroskeptic Roots which it has held on
to while it's also developing a broader
nationalistic anti-immigration
philosophy they are still explicitly
radicalizing and have sort of not toned
down the language both towards the
European Union the afd still regularly
touts the prospect of a referendum on
Germany's EU membership it also wants
the country to leave the euro currency
area and those positions haven't harmed
the party's
popularity since July 2022 support for
the afd and Nationwide opinion polls
more than doubled to a high of 22% in
January 2024 that's come down by a few
points since but the party is currently
the second most popular in
Germany but the afd is beset by
controversy they are officially
designated as a suspected extremist
organization this year there have been
huge protests calling for them to be
banned one of the main reasons was a
secret meeting the party was involved in
last November with several right-wing
extremists among the reported topics a
plan for the mass deportation of
foreigners and even German citizens with
a foreign
background the controversies have even
led to the afd been ostracized by others
on the European far right they were
recently kicked out of the European
Parliament grouping for far-right
parties due to comments made by one of
their leading candidates for that
Parliament which appeared to play Down
Nazi war crimes the afd is becoming ever
more radicalized whereas other far
parties in Europe are become trying to
become more mainstream and therefore to
appeal to more voters we asked the afd
for an interview about their economic
policies and while the party did offer
us the chance to speak with one of their
MEPS they wanted to approve any answers
we used after the interview when we
instead sent a list of questions to the
party press office a spokesperson
responded we just don't feel comfortable
talking to
DW the party lists many of its key
economic policies on its website among
their most prominent positions reduce
vat and don't increase taxes overhaul
the German tax system and leave the Euro
Zone the party's parliamentary working
group on the economy says the following
the afd Parliamentary group stands for
the social market economy it is the
basis of German prosp it and thus our
social
cohesion we see it as our task to make
the social market economy future
proof but critics say their economic
policies would not benefit their voters
their policies actually translated would
mean that um the rich will get richer
and the poor will get poor and that is
quite surprising that um although
official sort of policies and
declarations would actually not favor
those who feel um left behind by the
economy they sort of through other
topics like immigration and so on they
still appeal to those voters who don't
seem to take a close look at what
exactly those economic policies policies
policies will lead to and parties like
the afd have a big problem when it comes
to the economy by and large business
says it doesn't want them in power a
recent survey from the German economic
Institute which pulled around 900
companies found that 75% of business
Executives in Germany are openly opposed
to the
party Ramona Miner is one such business
owner who sees the afd as a direct
threat to Germany's economic Prosperity
she's the owner and managing director of
Aer a medium-sized manufacturing
Enterprise in the southern state of
Bavaria if there's a party that that for
example like the afd says okay we should
get out of the European Union or the
euro is a bad idea it would really
really harm my business on that one side
but on the other side also as I'm
dependent on the international markets
like for selling my products but also
for bringing
International or workers with
International background to Germany you
have or we have to make sure that this
wonderful country is is really is is
pictured in the right way also abroad
she also thinks the afd's rhetoric on
migrants makes Germany a less appealing
place for people from abroad to come and
work in a problem given Germany's much
publicized labor
shortages it's getting harder and harder
to really find the yeah enough people to
to be able to to keep growing which at
the end of the day is so important for
my business and yeah so
it's it's unbelievably important that
that we we show Germany to to other
countries and people in other countries
as the wonderful country that it is so
and and then to show them that that
they're welcome here and and to make
sure that we integrate them and and that
they have a chance to really build their
future in this this country farri right
parties have faced resistance from
business elsewhere but in the case of
money in Italy and Orban in Hungary they
have also found ways to work with
business and business has found ways to
work with them so there is an ambiguous
relationship with business on the one
hand and business May well side with a
radical right when it comes to Taxation
and when it comes to
welfare if we look uh to Hungary um what
what Orban did was to introduce a flat
tax um the Lega wants to introduce a
flat tax they can't for fiscal reasons
um money wants to uh lower taxes and
lowered also minimum income scheme um in
the interest of business yet
internationally oriented companies are
always likely to a problem with farri
movements as the afd are finding
out they feel uneasy about the rise of
the radical right in the sense that what
these parties do and and and Trump is
perhaps the key example in this regard
is to disrupt free trade by um
stimulating a turn towards economic
protectionism and economic nationalism
which is not in the interest of export
oriented companies the rise of the
faride in Europe has raised the Spectre
of the 1920s and 1930 I ities when
economic crises such as unemployment and
hyperinflation helped bring in fascist
rule but there are two key differences
between the economies of the 1920s and
the 2020s employment and Welfare well
inflation is still high surprisingly we
have rather a labor problem in Europe so
unemployment is very low um and
companies are really searching for uh uh
for for for labor so that is a big
difference here um the other example the
other difference to that historical
period is that sort of social welfare
structures in Europe are very strong um
and there was a big pandemic support
package that tried to make sure both for
companies but also for individual
citizens that try to make sure to
prevent exactly this sort of sliding
down into unemployment sliding down into
economic crisis and then to a
radicalization however if an economic
crisis were to emerge that threatened
employment and the capacity of states to
provide welfare farri parties are well
placed to
capitalize that's obviously a nightmare
that is haunting many politicians today
that an economic crisis or even an
economic downturn not as big as the
economic crisis in 1929 could repeat
itself and could lead to the rise of um
wiing parties since Europe for now farri
right parties in Europe and elsewhere
are thriving on issues away from the
economy and when you look at um their
rhetoric yes many of the economic issues
are part of their themes but they're not
really the mainstream theme um uh in
many many cases it's the cultural issues
which is where they have their bread and
butter where they have issue ownership
where they really manage to uh stir up
passions and stir up their base support
which become loyalists in that in
towards those parties there's a famous
phrase attributed to the American
political strategist James Carville the
economy stupid which means that it's the
economy which matters most to voters
even when that's not always readily
apparent the rise of the far right
suggests that it's the culture stupid
maybe a more appropriate political
aphorism for our present age of Discord
and division not that the economy will
ever be too far away
either that's all from this episode of
business beyond for more from us check
out our playlist in the video
description thanks for watching and
until the next time take care
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