Ditiru Cina, Sistem Irigasi Subak dari Bali Ternyata Sudah Ada di Nusantara Sejak 882 M.

Summary

This video introduces Subak, a traditional Balinese irrigation system that dates back to the 11th century. It highlights the cultural significance of Subak, which goes beyond farming to represent Bali's philosophy of community cooperation and harmony with nature. The system, rooted in the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, is maintained by local farmers who follow rituals to ensure successful crops. The video also emphasizes the UNESCO recognition of Subak as a World Heritage, its current challenges due to land conversion, and efforts to preserve it, including the establishment of a Subak museum to educate future generations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Bali is known for its beautiful beaches, rich culture, and friendly people, attracting both local and international tourists.
• 😀 The iconic terraced rice fields in Bali, especially in areas like Tegalalang and Jatiluwih, are famous for their stunning beauty.
• 😀 The Subak system in Bali is a traditional irrigation method that has been practiced since the 11th century, representing a unique cultural heritage.
• 😀 Subak is not just an irrigation system but a cultural organization based on cooperation, environmental preservation, and agricultural knowledge.
• 😀 The philosophy behind Subak includes 'Paras Pharos Sarpanaya Selulung Subayan Taka' (mutual give-and-take) and 'Tri Hita Karana' (harmony between humans, nature, and the divine).
• 😀 The Subak system is managed by a traditional leader called 'Pekaseh,' who is typically a farmer himself.
• 😀 Rituals are an integral part of the Subak system, marking different stages of rice growth, and are performed to ensure fertility and prosperity.
• 😀 Subak farmers work together to manage irrigation, maintain water systems, and share the resources necessary for successful cultivation.
• 😀 Subak's rice terraces in Jatiluwih still maintain their traditional irrigation without concrete structures, preserving the natural aesthetics and sustainability of the landscape.
• 😀 UNESCO recognized Subak as a World Heritage site in 1993, highlighting its significance in Bali’s cultural landscape and global agricultural practices.

Q & A

What makes Bali a popular destination for both locals and tourists?

Bali is known for its beautiful beaches, rich natural resources, diverse culture, and the hospitality of its people. These qualities make it a favorite destination for both locals and international tourists.

What is the significance of terraced rice fields in Bali?

The terraced rice fields in Bali, such as those in Tegalalang, Blimbing Pupuan, and Jatiluwih, are admired for their breathtaking beauty. They are a key part of Bali's agricultural landscape and are cultivated using the traditional Subak irrigation system.

What is Subak, and why is it important in Bali?

Subak is a traditional irrigation system in Bali used by farmers to manage water distribution for rice fields. It represents a cultural and agricultural institution that has been passed down through generations, embodying the principles of communal cooperation, environmental preservation, and agricultural knowledge.

How old is the Subak system, and when did rice cultivation in Bali begin?

Rice cultivation in Bali dates back to around 882 AD, as evidenced by ancient inscriptions. The Subak system itself evolved over time and became a formalized community-based irrigation system, deeply rooted in Balinese culture.

What are the philosophical principles that guide the Subak system?

The Subak system is guided by the philosophy of 'Paras Pharos Sarpanaya Selulung Subayan Taka,' which emphasizes mutual giving and receiving, as well as communal cooperation. Another key philosophy is 'Tri Hita Karana,' which focuses on harmony between humans, nature, and the divine.

Who manages the Subak system, and what is their role?

The Subak system is managed by a community leader called a 'pekaseh,' who is typically a farmer themselves. The pekaseh ensures that water distribution is fair and in accordance with the traditional rules, while also overseeing rituals associated with farming.

What role do rituals play in the Subak system?

Rituals are an integral part of the Subak system, performed at different stages of rice cultivation. These rituals are meant to ensure good harvests, pray for fertility, and maintain the balance between humans, nature, and the divine.

How does the Subak system contribute to Bali's agricultural landscape?

The Subak system has helped maintain the lush, terraced rice fields of Bali. It allows farmers to share water resources efficiently while also preserving the landscape's beauty and ecological balance. This system has been a model of sustainable agriculture for centuries.

Why is the Subak system considered a cultural heritage by UNESCO?

In 1993, UNESCO recognized the Subak system as part of the Bali Cultural Landscape, a World Heritage site. This recognition was granted due to its unique integration of cultural, environmental, and agricultural practices, showcasing the sustainable relationship between humans and nature.

What are the current challenges faced by the Subak system?

The Subak system faces the threat of extinction due to the decreasing availability of agricultural land, much of which is being converted into tourist developments. This change in land use poses a significant challenge to the continuity of traditional agricultural practices.