SUBAK DI BALI DIPERKIRAKAN BERUMUR RIBUAN TAHUN

Summary

The video explores the concept of Subak, a traditional irrigation and agricultural system in Bali, highlighting its rich history, cultural significance, and local wisdom. Subak is an autonomous group of farmers managing water resources within a specific area, often tied to sacred temples. The practice dates back over 1,000 years, with its origins traced to ancient inscriptions. Subak is not just an agricultural system but a community-driven effort that includes ritual ceremonies, water distribution, and conflict resolution, all integral to maintaining its sanctity and functionality.

Takeaways

• 😀 Subak is a traditional irrigation system in Bali, managed by farmers for agricultural purposes.
• 😀 Subak has been recognized internationally for its unique management of rice fields and irrigation systems.
• 😀 The system has existed for over 1000 years, with its origins traced back to the 11th century based on inscriptions in Bali.
• 😀 Subak is deeply intertwined with cultural rituals and local wisdom in Bali.
• 😀 The first known Subak system was established in Taro, Gianyar, and was led by a spiritual leader, Ide Resi Markandia.
• 😀 The primary functions of Subak are water distribution, irrigation channel maintenance, managing labor resources, and resolving conflicts among members.
• 😀 Subak also holds a spiritual significance, with sacred rituals conducted to ensure harmony and prosperity among the farmers.
• 😀 In Subak, there are strict rules against gambling, vulgar language, and physical violence; violations trigger further rituals.
• 😀 The Subak community operates autonomously, governed by natural boundaries such as mountains, rivers, and valleys, along with sacred water sources.
• 😀 Subak is not part of any village’s administrative system but is based on hydrological systems, where water flows to irrigate rice fields across village boundaries.

Q & A

What is 'Subak' in Bali?

Subak is a traditional irrigation organization in Bali, primarily for managing water distribution in agricultural areas. It is a cultural and agricultural system that has been recognized internationally for its sustainable approach to water management and rice farming.

When did Subak first exist?

Subak is believed to have existed over 1,000 years ago. Evidence of its existence comes from inscriptions such as the Pandak Bandung inscription in Tabanan and the Klungkung inscription from the years 1071 and 1072.

Who played a key role in the development of Subak?

A significant figure in the history of Subak was Rsi Markan, who started the construction of Subak systems in the Taro area of Gianyar. Despite challenges, including the loss of many of his followers, he eventually succeeded in establishing the Subak system there.

What is the main function of Subak?

The main functions of Subak are: 1) distributing irrigation water to farmers, 2) maintaining irrigation channels, 3) managing resources like labor and finances, 4) handling conflicts among members, and 5) conducting ritual activities related to water and agriculture.

Why is Subak considered sacred?

Subak is considered sacred due to its connection to water, which is seen as a vital resource. There are numerous rituals associated with Subak, including 15 rituals in the farming process, which reinforce its spiritual and cultural significance. These rituals maintain the sanctity of the water and the land.

What type of rituals are performed in Subak?

Subak includes rituals such as water ceremonies, rituals for blessing crops, and purification ceremonies. If any violations like physical fights or bad language occur, additional rituals, known as 'Guru Piduka', are performed to restore balance.

What are the five key elements of Subak?

The five key elements of Subak are: 1) Farmers, 2) Rice fields (sawah), 3) Water sources, 4) A temple (usually associated with a mountain), and 5) Autonomy in managing the water and land.

How is Subak related to Balinese society?

Subak is deeply tied to Balinese society, representing not just an agricultural practice but also a local wisdom that involves managing water, agricultural land, and community relationships. It is a communal effort that reflects the Balinese values of cooperation and spiritual connection to nature.

How is the autonomy of Subak defined?

Subak operates autonomously, meaning it manages its water and resources independently, even across multiple villages or districts. The boundaries of Subak are defined by where water flows, meaning it can span multiple villages or even districts, depending on the water source.

Can Subak exist outside of traditional villages?

Yes, Subak is not confined to traditional village boundaries. Since Subak is based on hydrological systems, it can cover areas across different villages, districts, or even counties, as long as water flows through them and serves the agricultural needs of the community.