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Summary

This video outlines the history of the Papua Merdeka movement and the rise of the Organization of Free Papua (OPM), tracing its roots back to 1961 when the region was under Dutch colonial rule. It highlights key moments in the struggle, including the New York Agreement of 1962, the formation of the OPM, and the declaration of independence in 1971. The video details significant leaders, including Set Rumkorem, Jacko Pray, Kelly Kwalik, and Goliath Tabuni, as well as OPM's ongoing resistance against Indonesian rule. Despite various international supports and leadership challenges, the movement's struggle persists into the modern day.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Papua independence issue has been an ongoing struggle, with the Free Papua Movement (OPM) being the most well-known organization advocating for it.
• 😀 The history of OPM dates back to 1961, when Papua was preparing for decolonization by the Dutch and formed a council to push for independence.
• 😀 Papua's independence movement was marked by the creation of the Morning Star flag and the declaration of the name West Papua on December 1, 1961.
• 😀 Indonesia's reaction to Papua's move for independence led to military infiltration and the eventual New York Agreement in 1962, transferring authority over West New Guinea to the United Nations.
• 😀 The New York Agreement caused frustration among Papua's nationalist groups, who felt betrayed as they were excluded from the process.
• 😀 In 1963, Indonesia took control of Papua, leading to the suppression of Papuan political activity, which fueled resistance movements and the birth of OPM.
• 😀 OPM has two main factions: one formed in Jayapura in 1963, led by Acer Demo TKI, and the other in Manokwari in 1964, led by Terianus Aronggear.
• 😀 OPM's ultimate goal is to end Indonesian occupation and form an independent Papua Barat, and their resistance grew following the controversial 1969 Act of Free Choice (Pepera).
• 😀 In 1971, OPM made a significant move by declaring the independence of the Republic of West Papua and adopting a constitution and national symbols.
• 😀 OPM gained support both locally and internationally, particularly from countries like Vanuatu and the Netherlands, but internal leadership conflicts and a lack of centralization weakened the organization.

Q & A

What year was the Organization of Papua Merdeka (OPM) founded?

The Organization of Papua Merdeka (OPM) can be traced back to 1961, following political developments in Papua as a result of Dutch decolonization efforts.

What was the significance of the New York Agreement in 1962 for Papua?

The New York Agreement in 1962 led to the transfer of authority in West New Guinea to the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA), which was a crucial moment in the region's political history, sparking dissatisfaction among Papua's nationalist groups.

How did Indonesia respond to the growing independence movement in Papua?

Indonesia responded by increasing military infiltration in Papua, aiming to assert control over the region, which led to further tensions with the nationalist movements.

What was the role of the Papua Barat flag, or the Morning Star flag, in the independence movement?

The Morning Star flag became a symbol of Papua's national identity, adopted by nationalist groups as a representation of their aspirations for an independent Papua.

What was the reaction of Papua's nationalist groups to the 1969 Act of Free Choice (Pepera)?

Papua's nationalist groups were deeply disappointed with the Act of Free Choice in 1969, as they felt it was a flawed referendum that did not accurately represent the desires of the Papuan people for independence.

What happened during the declaration of the Republic of West Papua in 1971?

In 1971, OPM's Markas Victoria declared the independence of the Republic of West Papua, adopting a constitution and using national symbols to establish their movement's legitimacy.

Who were the key figures behind the 1971 declaration of independence?

Key figures in the 1971 declaration of independence were Set Rumkorem, a former pro-Indonesia military figure, and Jacko Pray, an academic who had always opposed Indonesian rule in Papua.

What role did Kelly Kwalik play in the OPM's resistance efforts?

Kelly Kwalik became a prominent leader of OPM in the early 1980s, particularly known for his actions against the Freeport mining company in 2002 and for leading resistance efforts in the region until his death in 2009.

How did Goliath Tabuni's leadership impact the OPM?

Goliath Tabuni's leadership greatly expanded OPM's influence, especially after his rise to the position of supreme commander in 2012, as he led armed resistance efforts and gained increasing support both locally and internationally.

What is the current status of the OPM's armed struggle in Papua?

Despite efforts to engage in dialogue, the OPM's armed struggle continues to this day, with ongoing attacks and resistance activities, such as those against construction workers in the Trans Papua road project.