Anatomy: Planes & Axes (NEW VERSION IN DESCRIPTION)

Summary

This video provides an insightful introduction to osteokinematics, explaining how to describe joint movements using planes and axes. It covers the anatomical planes—sagittal, frontal, and transversal—and their corresponding axes of rotation. Through examples of the shoulder, hip, and knee joints, the video demonstrates how movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation occur within each plane. It also highlights the varying degrees of freedom in different joints, with the knee being a hinge joint that only allows movement in the sagittal plane. The video serves as an educational guide to understanding the basic principles of human joint motion.

Takeaways

• 😀 Osteokinematics refers to understanding movements in relation to planes and axes in the human body.
• 😀 Movements are described in relation to three main anatomical planes: sagittal, frontal, and transversal.
• 😀 The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections, while the frontal plane divides it into front and back, and the transversal plane divides it into upper and lower sections.
• 😀 Movement in a plane occurs around an axis of rotation perpendicular to that plane.
• 😀 Movements in the sagittal plane occur around the transversal axis, such as flexion and extension.
• 😀 Movements in the frontal plane occur around the sagittal axis, such as abduction and adduction.
• 😀 Movements in the transversal plane occur around the longitudinal axis, such as internal and external rotation.
• 😀 The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint with three degrees of freedom, allowing movement in all three planes.
• 😀 The hip joint is also a ball-and-socket joint, having three degrees of freedom and similar movements as the shoulder joint.
• 😀 The knee joint, a hinge joint, has only one degree of freedom and can only perform flexion and extension in the sagittal plane.
• 😀 Movements such as abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation are not possible in the knee joint due to its limited range of motion.

Q & A

What is osteokinematics?

Osteokinematics is the study of the movement of bones and joints in the body, particularly how they move in relation to different planes and axes.

What are the three main planes of movement in osteokinematics?

The three main planes are the sagittal plane (divides the body into right and left), the frontal plane (divides the body into front and back), and the transversal plane (divides the body into upper and lower halves).

How do planes and axes relate to each other in osteokinematics?

Movements occur in a specific plane and around a corresponding axis. For example, movements in the sagittal plane occur around the transversal axis, while movements in the frontal plane occur around the sagittal axis.

What axis is used when describing movements in the sagittal plane?

Movements in the sagittal plane occur around the transversal axis, which is perpendicular to the plane.

What types of movements occur in the frontal plane, and around which axis?

Movements in the frontal plane include abduction and adduction, and they occur around the sagittal axis.

What types of movements are described in the transversal plane?

In the transversal plane, the movements of internal and external rotation occur around the longitudinal axis.

What are the three degrees of freedom in a ball and socket joint?

A ball and socket joint, such as the shoulder or hip joint, has three degrees of freedom: it can move in the sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes.

What are the movements of the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane?

In the sagittal plane, the shoulder joint can perform flexion (forward movement) and extension (backward movement), both occurring around the transversal axis.

What are the limitations of movement in the knee joint?

The knee joint is a hinge joint with only one degree of freedom, meaning it can only perform flexion and extension in the sagittal plane. Other movements, such as rotation or abduction, are not possible.

Why is it important to understand the anatomical position when describing joint movements?

The anatomical position serves as the reference point for all movements, ensuring consistent and accurate descriptions of how joints and bones move in relation to each other in different planes.