Bioteknologi kelas 9 SMP

Summary

This educational video on biotechnology explores the fundamental concepts, covering both conventional and modern biotechnology. It explains the use of living organisms, like microorganisms, to create beneficial products and services for humanity. Key topics include the basic principles of biotechnology, examples of conventional practices like tempe and yogurt production, and the advanced manipulation of DNA in modern biotechnology. The video also touches on the applications in medicine, agriculture, and reproductive technologies, demonstrating how biotechnology plays a significant role in enhancing human life and addressing global challenges.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or parts of them to create products or services that benefit humans.
• 😀 Biotechnology consists of two main types: conventional and modern biotechnology.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology uses whole microorganisms without altering their genetic makeup. Examples include tempe, yogurt, and cheese.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology involves manipulating DNA or microorganisms to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with new traits.
• 😀 Biotechnology agents can include microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses, or their components such as DNA and enzymes.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology is cost-effective, uses simple technology, and involves microorganisms directly without genetic modification.
• 😀 Examples of conventional biotechnology include the use of *Rhizopus* fungi to make tempe and *Lactobacillus* bacteria in yogurt production.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology uses advanced technologies like genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology to modify organisms.
• 😀 Genetic engineering can result in transgenic organisms, such as tomatoes modified to resist spoilage by adding antifreeze genes from fish.
• 😀 Recombinant DNA technology enables the rapid production of valuable proteins, such as insulin, through the use of genetically modified bacteria.
• 😀 Biotechnology also plays a significant role in medicine (vaccines and antibiotics), agriculture (hydroponics), and reproductive technologies (IVF).

Q & A

What is the definition of biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to produce goods and services that benefit humanity. It combines biological organisms ('bio') with technology ('tech') to create products that simplify or enhance human life.

What are the two main types of biotechnology?

The two main types of biotechnology are conventional (or traditional) biotechnology and modern biotechnology. Conventional biotechnology uses whole microorganisms without genetic modification, while modern biotechnology involves genetic manipulation, such as DNA recombination.

What is an example of conventional biotechnology and how is it made?

An example of conventional biotechnology is the production of tempeh, which is made by fermenting soybeans with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. The soybeans are cleaned, fermented with the fungus, and then left to grow into tempeh.

How does modern biotechnology differ from conventional biotechnology?

Modern biotechnology involves manipulating genetic material, such as DNA, and using advanced technology like recombinant DNA techniques. It allows for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), unlike conventional biotechnology, which uses whole microorganisms without altering their genetic makeup.

What is the significance of genetically modified crops, and can you give an example?

Genetically modified crops are designed to have improved traits, such as resistance to pests or spoilage. An example is genetically engineered tomatoes that contain an anti-freeze gene from the fish flounder, making them more resistant to spoilage.

What is recombinant DNA technology and how is it used in insulin production?

Recombinant DNA technology involves inserting a gene from one organism into a different organism. In insulin production, the gene for insulin is inserted into a bacterium's plasmid, creating 'recombinant' bacteria that can produce insulin quickly for people with diabetes.

How does biotechnology contribute to the medical field?

Biotechnology contributes to medicine by enabling the production of vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones like insulin. These applications help in disease prevention, treatment, and improving the health of patients.

What is hydroponics, and why is it an important agricultural application of biotechnology?

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich water solution and materials like sand or coconut husks. It's an important agricultural application of biotechnology because it allows for high-quality crops, reduced pest issues, and year-round growing potential without the need for large land areas.

What are some examples of microorganisms used in conventional biotechnology?

In conventional biotechnology, microorganisms such as *Lactobacillus bulgaricus*, *Streptococcus thermophilus*, *Aspergillus oryzae*, and *Rhizopus oryzae* are commonly used in the production of foods like yogurt, soy sauce, and tempeh.

What is in vitro fertilization (IVF) and how does biotechnology play a role?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology in which sperm and eggs are combined outside the body, and the fertilized egg is later implanted into the uterus. Biotechnology plays a role by using scientific techniques to ensure successful fertilization and embryo development, helping individuals with fertility issues.