ZAMAN PALEOLITIKUM

Summary

This video explores the Paleolithic era, or the Old Stone Age, a time when early humans used rudimentary stone tools. The era spans from about 600,000 to 100,000 years ago, with significant developments in human culture and survival strategies. Key topics include the three phases of the Paleolithic, advancements in tool-making, the emergence of spiritual beliefs like animism and dynamism, and the lifestyle of early humans as nomadic hunter-gatherers. The video also highlights notable human species from the period, such as Homo erectus, and discusses the archaeological discoveries of Pacitan and Ngandong cultures.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Paleolithic era is also called the Old Stone Age and lasted approximately from 600,000 to 100,000 years ago, marking a period when early humans first used stone tools.
• 😀 The Paleolithic period is divided into three stages: Old Paleolithic (Lower Paleolithic), Middle Paleolithic, and New Paleolithic (Upper Paleolithic).
• 😀 The Old Paleolithic period was characterized by simple tools made by striking stones together, a technique known as the Oldowan tradition.
• 😀 Middle Paleolithic humans are believed to have had animistic and dynamic beliefs, which involved worshipping spirits and objects with supernatural powers.
• 😀 In the New Paleolithic period, humans made more advanced tools like spears, knives, and arrows, marking significant cultural and technological progress.
• 😀 Key human species from the Paleolithic include Homo Erectus, Meganthropus Paleojavanicus, Homo Wajakensis, and Homo Soloensis, with fossil evidence found near the Bengawan Solo River.
• 😀 Paleolithic humans lived in small, nomadic groups and were highly dependent on nature for survival, relying on hunting and gathering for food.
• 😀 The Pacitan culture, found in East Java, is known for stone tools like hand axes and flaked stones used in daily life.
• 😀 The Ngandong culture involved the use of bone tools, such as bone knives and fish hooks, as well as stone tools made from flakes, to aid in survival.
• 😀 The main tools used in the Paleolithic period included hand axes (for cutting and digging), stone flakes (for cutting food), and bone tools (for fishing and processing plants).
• 😀 Paleolithic people lived in temporary shelters and had no permanent settlements, moving frequently to find food and resources.

Q & A

What is the Paleolithic era, and why is it called the 'Old Stone Age'?

The Paleolithic era, also known as the 'Old Stone Age,' is a prehistoric period when humans primarily used stone tools that were still in their natural, unrefined form. It is called the 'Old Stone Age' because during this time, people used rough, unpolished stones to make tools, marking the beginning of human culture and technology.

What is the estimated time range for the Paleolithic period?

The Paleolithic period is estimated to have occurred approximately between 600,000 and 100,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, which is part of the Quaternary period.

What were the main ways early humans met their survival needs during the Paleolithic era?

Early humans during the Paleolithic era primarily met their survival needs by hunting in groups and gathering food, using simple, natural tools to assist in activities such as hunting, fishing, and foraging for plants.

What are the three main periods of the Paleolithic era?

The Paleolithic era is divided into three main periods: the Old Paleolithic (Paleolithic Tua), the Middle Paleolithic (Paleolithic Madya), and the New Paleolithic (Paleolithic Muda). Each period represents different stages of cultural and technological development.

What are the key characteristics of the Old Paleolithic period?

In the Old Paleolithic period, early humans started to develop cultural practices and tools. The tools from this period were created through a technique known as 'Oldowan,' which involved striking stones against each other to produce sharp-edged tools.

What cultural developments occurred during the Middle Paleolithic period?

During the Middle Paleolithic period, humans began to show evidence of spiritual beliefs, as indicated by the discovery of artifacts related to animism and dynamism. Animism is the belief in the spirits residing in all things, while dynamism involves the belief in objects having mystical powers.

How did tools evolve during the New Paleolithic period?

In the New Paleolithic period, tools became more advanced and specialized, such as the development of hunting implements like arrows, spears, and knives, which significantly improved hunting techniques.

Which species of early humans lived during the Paleolithic era?

The Paleolithic era saw the existence of various human species, including Homo Erectus, Meganthropus Paleojavanicus, Homo Wajakensis, and Homo Soloensis, with evidence of their presence found in regions like the Bengawan Solo River in Indonesia.

What is the distinction between the Pacitan and Ngandong cultures?

The Pacitan culture is known for stone tools, such as hand axes and choppers, found in Pacitan, East Java, while the Ngandong culture is identified by tools made from bone and stone flakes, found in the Ngandong area. The Pacitan tools were primarily made from large stones, while Ngandong tools often included smaller flakes and bone implements.

What are some examples of tools used by Paleolithic humans, and what were their functions?

Examples of Paleolithic tools include the hand axe (kapak genggam), which was used for digging, cutting, and skinning animals; the chopper (kapak perimbas), used for chopping wood and carving bone; and bone tools like fishhooks and piercing knives, which were used for hunting and food gathering.