Guru Virtual: Episode Pragmatik Bahasa Indonesia #7 Prinsip Kesopanan

Summary

This video script explores the concept of politeness maxims in communication, highlighting how speakers use different speech acts (impositives, commissives, expressives, and assertives) to maintain respectful interactions. It delves into six key maxims of politeness: wisdom, acceptance, kindness, humility, agreement, and sympathy. Each maxim is illustrated with examples, emphasizing how language is used to either maximize benefit or minimize harm to others. The script provides a deep understanding of how effective communication relies on maintaining balance, empathy, and mutual respect in social exchanges.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of 'Politeness Maxim' (Maxim Kesopanan) is central to maintaining respectful communication in interpersonal conversations.
• 😀 There are six main types of politeness maxims: Wisdom Maxim, Acceptance Maxim, Generosity Maxim, Humility Maxim, Appropriateness Maxim, and Sympathy Maxim.
• 😀 Each maxim is expressed through different speech acts: Imperative (Impositif), Commissive (Komisi), Expressive (Ekspresif), and Assertive (Asertif).
• 😀 The Wisdom Maxim encourages participants to choose their words to avoid causing harm to others and to maximize their benefit.
• 😀 The Acceptance Maxim emphasizes minimizing one's own gain and maximizing the benefit of others, often expressed through suggestions or offers.
• 😀 The Generosity Maxim highlights being polite not only when giving commands but also when offering feelings or opinions in a humble and respectful manner.
• 😀 The Humility Maxim encourages speakers to downplay their own importance or abilities, showing modesty and minimizing self-praise.
• 😀 The Appropriateness Maxim stresses the importance of matching language to the context and ensuring compatibility between participants in a conversation.
• 😀 The Sympathy Maxim requires expressing positive emotions, such as congratulating or sympathizing with others in both good and bad situations.
• 😀 Politeness in speech is not just about following social norms but also involves a cooperative approach to maintain harmony and respect in conversations.

Q & A

What are Maxims of Politeness in communication?

Maxims of Politeness are principles that guide how people should behave in interpersonal communication to maintain politeness and avoid conflict. These include the Maxim of Wisdom, Maxim of Acceptance, Maxim of Humility, Maxim of Appropriateness, and Maxim of Sympathy.

How does the Maxim of Wisdom function in communication?

The Maxim of Wisdom aims to benefit the other party or minimize their loss. It encourages the speaker to act in a way that is considerate of the other person's needs, either by offering assistance or avoiding inconvenience.

Can you provide an example of the Maxim of Wisdom?

An example of the Maxim of Wisdom would be a polite invitation such as, 'Please come to my house.' This statement is intended to provide a benefit or avoid harm to the other party by offering an invitation in a respectful manner.

What does the Maxim of Acceptance require in communication?

The Maxim of Acceptance requires speakers to prioritize the other person's benefit, often by minimizing their own gain. It encourages acts of kindness and offers that benefit others, such as lending something or making a concession.

How does the Maxim of Humility differ from other maxims?

The Maxim of Humility emphasizes minimizing one's own self-esteem in communication. It involves the speaker expressing modesty or lowering their own importance, which contrasts with other maxims focused on benefiting others or maximizing politeness.

What is an example of the Maxim of Humility?

An example of the Maxim of Humility would be responding to praise by saying, 'No, I'm not that smart; it was just luck.' This minimizes the speaker's self-importance and avoids appearing boastful.

What role does the Maxim of Appropriateness play in communication?

The Maxim of Appropriateness encourages communicators to align their statements with the context, avoiding conflict or disagreement. It suggests that speakers should prioritize harmony in interactions, reducing points of contention.

Can you provide an example of the Maxim of Appropriateness?

An example would be a discussion about learning English, where one might say, 'English is difficult' instead of arguing that 'English is easy,' aiming for a more balanced and less contentious viewpoint.

How does the Maxim of Sympathy contribute to effective communication?

The Maxim of Sympathy encourages expressing understanding and empathy toward others. This involves offering congratulations or condolences, depending on the situation, and shows that the speaker is emotionally attuned to the other person's experience.

What is an example of the Maxim of Sympathy?

An example of the Maxim of Sympathy is when a speaker says, 'Congratulations on your success!' or 'I'm sorry for your loss.' These expressions show empathy and concern for the other person's feelings, fostering positive interpersonal relations.