Belajar Bahasa Jepang – Bab 1 Minna no Nihongo

Summary

This video lesson introduces the basics of Japanese grammar, focusing on sentence structures like positive, negative, and question forms. It covers how to construct polite statements using 'desu', create negative sentences with 'dewa arimasen', and form yes/no questions with 'desu ka'. The lesson also explains how to combine nouns using the particle 'no' to show possession or modification. Designed for beginners, the tutorial includes clear examples in both Romanized and Japanese characters to aid learning, making it accessible and practical for learners aiming to build a strong foundation in Japanese grammar.

Takeaways

• 😀 Positive sentences in Japanese follow the structure: Noun 1 + wa + Noun 2 + desu, where 'wa' marks the topic and 'desu' adds politeness.
• 😀 In positive sentences, when introducing a person, use 'watashi' for 'I' and a name written in katakana for foreign names (e.g., 'Agus').
• 😀 For a polite, positive sentence structure, 'desu' is used after the noun (e.g., 'Watashi wa Agus desu' - I am Agus).
• 😀 To show the same information in different ways, use the 'wa' particle in one sentence and 'mo' in a second sentence when describing the same subject.
• 😀 Negative sentences are formed by using 'wa' or 'ga' followed by 'dewa arimasen' (more polite) or 'ja arimasen' (informal), such as 'Watashi wa Agus dewa arimasen' (I am not Agus).
• 😀 In question sentences, 'desu ka' is used at the end to form yes/no questions (e.g., 'Anata wa ginkouin desu ka?' - Are you a bank employee?).
• 😀 Yes/no questions are answered with 'hai' (yes) or 'iie' (no), followed by the relevant noun, such as 'Hai, watashi wa ginkouin desu' (Yes, I am a bank employee).
• 😀 For specific questions using 'who,' 'what,' 'where,' and similar, the word order changes. For example, 'Anokata wa donata desu ka?' (Who is that person?).
• 😀 To combine two nouns in Japanese, use the particle 'no' to show possession or association (e.g., 'Toyota no karyawan' - Toyota’s employee).
• 😀 Once two nouns are combined with 'no,' they form a single unit, and this new structure can be used in sentences like 'Watashi wa Toyota no karyawan desu' (I am a Toyota employee).

Q & A

What is the pattern for forming positive sentences in Japanese?

The pattern for positive sentences is: Noun 1 + wa + Noun 2 + desu. This structure is used to state something about a subject in a polite manner.

How do you form a negative sentence in Japanese?

For negative sentences, the pattern is: Noun 1 + wa + Noun 2 + dewa arimasen. This is the polite form of negation, meaning 'not' or 'is not'.

What is the difference between 'dewa arimasen' and 'janai' in negative sentences?

'Dewa arimasen' is more formal and polite, while 'janai' is more casual. Both mean 'not' or 'is not'.

How do you form a yes/no question in Japanese?

For yes/no questions, the pattern is: Noun 1 + wa + Noun 2 + desu ka. The 'ka' particle at the end turns the sentence into a question.

How do you answer a yes/no question in Japanese?

You answer with 'Hai' (Yes) or 'Iie' (No). For more specific answers, you can repeat part of the sentence, e.g., 'Hai, watashi wa ginkouin desu' (Yes, I am a banker).

How is a question formed when using question words like 'who' or 'what'?

The pattern is: Noun 1 + wa + Question word + desu ka. The question word replaces the 'Noun 2' in the usual pattern.

What is the Japanese equivalent of the question 'Who is that person?'

The Japanese version is: 'Ano kata wa dare desu ka?' where 'ano kata' means 'that person' and 'dare' means 'who'.

How do you combine two nouns in Japanese to indicate possession or relation?

To combine two nouns, use the structure: Noun 2 + no + Noun 1. For example, 'Toyota no shain' means 'Toyota employee'.

What is the function of the particle 'wa' in Japanese sentences?

The particle 'wa' marks the topic or subject of a sentence. It helps distinguish what the sentence is talking about.

What is the purpose of the 'no' particle when combining nouns?

The 'no' particle is used to indicate possession or a relationship between two nouns. For example, 'Toyota no shain' means 'employee of Toyota'.