PERÍODO REGENCIAL | Resumo de História para o Enem

Summary

The video explores Brazil's Regency period (1831-1840), a time of political turmoil between the First and Second Reigns. Key topics include the structure of the Regency, with the transition from a Triumvirate to a Single Regency, and the rise of political factions such as the Restorationists, Moderate Liberals, and Exalted Liberals. The video also covers important reforms like the creation of the National Guard and the Additional Act of 1834, which decentralized power. The final focus is on the 1840 Coup of Majority, which brought Dom Pedro II to the throne at age 14, ending the Regency and beginning the Second Reign.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Regency period in Brazil lasted for nine years (1831-1840), between the First and Second Reigns, and was marked by political instability and governance by regents chosen by the National Congress.
• 😀 The initial regency was the Triumvirate Regency, followed by the Unitary Regency after 1834. The key regents were Padre Diogo Feijó and Senator Araújo Lima.
• 😀 The political scene during the Regency period was dominated by two main political parties: the Moderates (Chimangos) and the Exalted Liberals (Farroupilhas).
• 😀 The Moderates defended a centralist political system, advocating for the maintenance of a strong central government and limited provincial autonomy.
• 😀 The Exalted Liberals, also known as Farroupilhas, supported federalism and the granting of greater political autonomy to the provinces.
• 😀 Key reforms during the Regency included the creation of the National Guard in 1831, which allowed local elites to maintain control over security and repress popular uprisings.
• 😀 Another significant reform was the 1832 Penal Code, marking a step in the development of Brazil's legal system.
• 😀 The Additional Act of 1834 was a major reform that granted relative autonomy to provinces by creating provincial legislative assemblies, although the central government still controlled the appointment of provincial presidents.
• 😀 The Additional Act also marked the end of the Triumvirate Regency and the shift to the Unitary Regency system, in which a single regent held power.
• 😀 The 'Golpe da Maioridade' (Coup of Majority) in 1840 led to Dom Pedro II assuming the throne at the age of 14, effectively ending the Regency period and beginning the Second Reign. This coup was supported by the Exalted Liberals, who saw it as a solution to the political unrest and revolts occurring in various provinces.

Q & A

What was the Regencial Period in Brazil?

The Regencial Period in Brazil lasted from 1831 to 1840, bridging the First and Second Reigns. It was a time when Brazil was governed by regents because Emperor Dom Pedro II was too young to rule, and the country faced political instability and revolts.

How was the regency structure set up at the beginning of the Regencial Period?

Initially, Brazil was governed by a Triumvirate Regency (Regência Trina), a temporary body chosen by the National Congress. This was followed by a permanent Triumvirate Regency, and in 1834, the system was changed to a single regent (Regência Una).

What significant changes occurred in 1834 during the Regencial Period?

In 1834, a constitutional reform transformed the Triumvirate Regency into a single regent system. Additionally, the Additional Act of 1834 was passed, which granted provinces some autonomy by creating provincial legislative assemblies.

Who were the main political parties during the early Regencial Period?

The main political factions were the Restauradores (Restorers), who wanted to bring back Dom Pedro I's rule, and two factions of the Liberals: the Moderates (Chimangos), who supported centralization, and the Exalted Liberals (Farroupilhas), who advocated for federalism and provincial autonomy.

What was the role of the National Guard created in 1831?

The National Guard, established in 1831 by Minister Diogo Feijó, was a civil militia composed of local elites. It was responsible for maintaining order and suppressing popular movements, essentially ensuring local control in the provinces.

What did the Additional Act of 1834 do for the provinces?

The Additional Act of 1834 granted provinces some autonomy by establishing provincial legislative assemblies. However, the central government retained control over the provinces by appointing provincial presidents, who still needed to sanction provincial laws.

How did the political parties change after the death of Dom Pedro I in 1834?

After Dom Pedro I's death, the political landscape shifted. The Restauradores ceased to exist, and the Liberal Moderates became known as the Regressistas, while the Liberal Exalted transformed into the Progressistas. The central debate remained between centralization and federalism.

What was the key difference between the Regressistas and the Progressistas?

The Regressistas, previously Liberal Moderates, supported centralism and sought to reverse the decentralizing reforms, including abolishing provincial assemblies. The Progressistas, previously Liberal Exalted, supported federalism and further reforms to grant more autonomy to the provinces.

What was the 'Golpe da Maioridade' and why was it important?

The 'Golpe da Maioridade' (Coup of Majority) in 1840 was a political maneuver where Dom Pedro II, at only 14 years old, was declared of age and took the throne earlier than the constitution allowed. This move ended the Regencial Period and initiated the Second Reign, aiming to stabilize the country and end provincial revolts.

Why did the Progressistas support Dom Pedro II's early ascension to the throne?

The Progressistas supported Dom Pedro II's early ascension because they believed it would help pacify the country, which was experiencing numerous revolts. By placing a young, relatively neutral monarch on the throne, they hoped to consolidate power and stabilize the political situation.