DESEMPACA: PERÍODO REGENCIAL EM CINCO MINUTOS

Summary

This video delves into Brazil's Regency Period, a time of political turmoil from 1831 to 1840, following the abdication of Dom Pedro I. The script explores key events, such as the creation of the National Guard, the Additional Act, and the rise of regional revolts like Cabanagem, Malê Revolt, and Farroupilha Revolution. It also discusses the struggles for autonomy by provinces and the role of Dom Pedro II in restoring order. The video highlights the complex political landscape and social unrest that shaped Brazil’s early history, offering a deeper understanding of this turbulent era.

Takeaways

• 😀 Dom Pedro I's departure for Portugal in 1831 left Brazil in political turmoil, leading to a period of provisional rule until his son, Dom Pedro II, came of age.
• 😀 The **National Guard** was created during the Regency Period to maintain order in Brazil's provinces, with local landowners holding significant power.
• 😀 The **Additional Act of 1834** granted greater autonomy to Brazilian provinces, allowing them to elect their own deputies and manage some regional affairs.
• 😀 During the Regency, Brazil faced significant unrest, including revolts from various social groups and provinces seeking more independence from the central government.
• 😀 The first regency was a **Trina Regency**, which was later replaced by a single regent, **Father Antônio Feijó**, known for his moderate liberal views.
• 😀 **Father Feijó** faced criticism from landowners and politicians, leading to his resignation, after which a conservative regent, **Pedro de Araújo Lima**, took power.
• 😀 The **Cabanagem Revolt** (1835) in Grão-Pará saw the poor and marginalized populations revolt against the regency, with violent consequences and thousands of deaths.
• 😀 The **Malê Revolt** (1835) in Bahia was led by enslaved Africans who protested against slavery and their inability to practice their religion freely.
• 😀 The **Sabinada** (1837) was a revolt in Bahia where the middle class sought to separate from Brazil until Dom Pedro II reached maturity to restore order.
• 😀 The **Balaiada Revolt** (1838-1841) in Maranhão was a popular uprising that involved enslaved people fighting for their freedom, eventually suppressed by the central government.
• 😀 The **Farroupilha Revolution** (1835-1845) in the southern provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina was driven by the agrarian elite's dissatisfaction with the Brazilian government, briefly forming two republics before being repressed.
• 😀 Dom Pedro II was crowned Emperor of Brazil at the age of 14 in 1840, marking the end of the Regency Period and the beginning of his stable reign.

Q & A

What was the regency period in Brazil and why was it significant?

The regency period in Brazil (1831–1840) was a turbulent time following the abdication of Dom Pedro I. It was significant because Brazil was governed by provisional rulers until Dom Pedro II came of age to assume the throne. The period was marked by political instability and several revolts across the country.

Why did Dom Pedro I leave Brazil, and who was supposed to take over?

Dom Pedro I left Brazil for Portugal to resolve issues there, leaving his son, Dom Pedro II (Pedro de Alcântara), to inherit the throne. However, Pedro II was only five years old, so a regency was established until he reached the age of majority at 21.

What was the role of the National Guard during the regency period?

The National Guard, created during the regency period, was a militia designed to maintain order in the provinces of Brazil. It was not a formal army, but it played a key role in stabilizing regions that were in chaos after Dom Pedro I’s departure.

What was 'coronelismo' and how did it emerge?

'Coronelismo' referred to the system in which large landowners, who held the rank of 'Colonel' in the National Guard, had significant control over their local regions. It emerged because these landowners used their power to influence political decisions and maintain dominance over local politics.

What was the 'additional act' and how did it affect Brazil’s provinces?

The additional act was a complementary law to the Brazilian Constitution that granted more autonomy to Brazil’s provinces. It allowed provinces to choose their own deputies and reduced the central government’s power, especially after Dom Pedro I’s departure.

What happened when the 'additional act' was reviewed by Pedro de Araújo Lima?

Pedro de Araújo Lima, a conservative, reviewed the additional act and reduced the autonomy of the provinces. He limited their ability to choose their own deputies, which caused dissatisfaction and led to further revolts in several regions of Brazil.

What was the significance of Dom Pedro II’s eventual ascension to the throne?

Dom Pedro II was crowned as Emperor at a young age (around 14) due to the need for stability in Brazil. His ascension was seen as a way to establish order in Brazil, as both liberals and conservatives recognized the importance of having a legitimate monarch to bring peace and unity.

Can you describe the Cabanagem revolt and its causes?

The Cabanagem revolt occurred in the state of Grão-Pará (now Pará) and was led by the poor, particularly the riverside population. They revolted against the regency government and allied with local landowners to take control of the region. It was one of the most violent uprisings of the period, with an estimated 25,000 to 30,000 deaths.

What was the Malê Revolt and who were the main participants?

The Malê Revolt was an uprising in Bahia in 1835, primarily carried out by enslaved African Muslims who were protesting against restrictions on their ability to practice their religion. The revolt was also tied to the broader resistance to slavery in Brazil.

What was the Farroupilha Revolution and what motivated it?

The Farroupilha Revolution, which took place from 1835 to 1845, was a revolt in southern Brazil, particularly in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. It was driven by the agrarian elite, who were dissatisfied with the Brazilian government’s economic policies, including the preferential treatment given to other regions over their production of jerky. The revolt also led to the temporary establishment of two republics, the Riograndense and Juliana Republics.