A entrada de ar no sistema respiratório depende da ação de músculo estriado esquelético!!!

Summary

This video explains the process of pulmonary ventilation, focusing on how air is inhaled and exhaled through pressure differences created by respiratory muscles, primarily the diaphragm. It discusses the role of muscles like the intercostals in expanding the chest and the passive nature of exhalation during quiet breathing. The concept of training respiratory muscles is introduced, highlighting its importance in improving lung function. The video also addresses the significance of respiratory muscle training for patients with neuromuscular diseases, such as muscular dystrophies and ALS, emphasizing how it can help maintain breathing function and quality of life.

Takeaways

• 😀 The process of pulmonary ventilation involves generating inspiratory and expiratory airflow, which is influenced by pressure differences between the environment and the intrapulmonary surface.
• 😀 The diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle that, when contracted, increases thoracic volume and decreases pressure, generating inspiratory airflow.
• 😀 External intercostal muscles also aid in inspiration by elevating the ribs, further increasing thoracic volume and decreasing intrapulmonary pressure.
• 😀 During quiet breathing, expiration is a passive process, relying on the relaxation of muscles involved in inspiration, such as the diaphragm and external intercostals.
• 😀 Expiration during forced breathing (e.g., blowing out candles or during exercise) requires active muscles like the abdominals and internal intercostals.
• 😀 Respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, are skeletal muscles and can be trained like any other muscle in the body.
• 😀 The principles of respiratory muscle training are similar to physical training, including specificity, overload, biological individuality, and reversibility.
• 😀 Just like physical exercise, respiratory muscle training can be customized to the individual's needs, including intensity, duration, and frequency.
• 😀 Respiratory muscle training is usually performed by physiotherapists specializing in respiratory care, who are trained in the physiological principles and application of this type of therapy.
• 😀 Patients with neuromuscular diseases, like muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), experience decreased muscle function, which can lead to respiratory failure and death due to weakened respiratory muscles.

Q & A

How is inspiratory airflow generated in the respiratory system?

Inspiratory airflow is generated by a pressure difference between the environment and the intrapulmonary surface. The diaphragm contracts and lowers, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, which lowers the pressure inside the lungs, allowing air to flow in.

What role do external intercostal muscles play in inspiration?

The external intercostal muscles help elevate the ribs, which increases the thoracic cavity's lateral and anteroposterior dimensions, thereby increasing lung volume and lowering intrapulmonary pressure to facilitate inspiration.

What happens during passive expiration at rest?

During passive expiration at rest, there is no active muscle contraction. The muscles involved in inspiration, such as the diaphragm and external intercostals, relax, and the thoracic cavity's volume decreases, leading to airflow out of the lungs.

Which muscles are involved in forced expiration?

During forced expiration, accessory muscles such as the abdominal muscles, scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and internal intercostals become active, helping to expel air more forcefully.

Is respiratory muscle training similar to physical training?

Yes, respiratory muscle training follows the same principles as physical training, such as specificity, overload, biological individuality, and reversibility.

What is the main difference between respiratory muscles and skeletal muscles in terms of training?

Respiratory muscles are skeletal muscles but differ in their ability to generate pressure rather than sustain weight, which is why they are trained by practicing tasks like blowing or sucking air, rather than lifting weights.

What type of professionals typically prescribe respiratory muscle training?

Respiratory muscle training is typically prescribed by physiotherapists who specialize in respiratory care. These professionals have the training and knowledge to apply the appropriate techniques for improving respiratory muscle function.

Why is respiratory muscle training important for people with neuromuscular diseases?

For patients with neuromuscular diseases, respiratory muscle training helps maintain muscle strength and function for as long as possible, as these patients often experience muscle weakness and eventually respiratory failure.

What are some examples of neuromuscular diseases that affect respiratory muscles?

Examples of neuromuscular diseases that affect respiratory muscles include muscular dystrophy, particularly Duchenne and Becker types, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which cause progressive muscle weakness and can lead to respiratory failure.

What is the likely outcome for patients with severe neuromuscular diseases like ALS or muscular dystrophy?

Patients with severe neuromuscular diseases often experience a decline in respiratory function, and without intervention, they may eventually die due to respiratory failure, as their respiratory muscles lose the ability to contract and generate the necessary airflow.