L5 : Types of Database | Complete DBMS Course

Summary

In this video, Riti Kumari provides an introductory lecture on various types of databases, with a focus on the most widely used ones. She explains relational databases, NoSQL, object-oriented, and in-memory databases in simple terms, covering their storage methods, use cases, and key differences. The video also touches on other database types like time-series, multimedia, and blockchain databases. Aimed at beginners and those looking to refresh their knowledge, the video offers a quick yet insightful overview, ideal for understanding the basics of database systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Relational databases (RDBMS) store data in tables with predefined relationships, using rows and columns. Common examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle.
• 😀 NoSQL databases do not store data in a strict tabular format and are often used for handling unstructured data, using key-value pairs, documents, or graphs. Examples include MongoDB and Cassandra.
• 😀 Object-oriented databases store data as objects, similar to object-oriented programming, where data is encapsulated within classes and objects.
• 😀 In-memory databases store data in the system's primary memory (RAM) for faster data retrieval, making them suitable for real-time applications that require quick data processing.
• 😀 Time-series databases are designed to handle data points indexed by time, ideal for tracking changes or events over time, such as in monitoring or financial applications.
• 😀 Spatial databases store and analyze geographic or geometric data, enabling spatial queries. These are used in applications like mapping and location-based services.
• 😀 Multimedia databases handle a variety of data types including text, images, video, and audio, facilitating management of diverse media content.
• 😀 Columnar databases store data in columns instead of rows, enabling faster retrieval for analytical queries that often focus on specific columns of data.
• 😀 XML databases store data in XML format, making them suitable for applications that require structured document management or storage.
• 😀 NewSQL databases combine the scalability of NoSQL with the ACID properties of relational databases, providing high performance with transactional consistency. Examples include Google Spanner.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The video discusses different types of databases, including their characteristics, uses, and how data is stored in them. The focus is on understanding the basics of each database type.

What are the key differences between relational and NoSQL databases?

Relational databases organize data into tables with rows and columns, following strict relational rules, and use SQL queries for data manipulation. NoSQL databases, on the other hand, store data in key-value pairs or other non-tabular formats, allowing more flexibility and scalability without a predefined schema.

What is a NoSQL database and how is data stored in it?

A NoSQL database is a type of database that does not use the traditional SQL-based relational model. Data is stored in key-value pairs, which means data can be stored and retrieved without strict table structures. For example, a key could be 'place' and the value could be 'Mysore'.

What is an object-oriented database?

An object-oriented database stores data as objects, similar to how data is structured in object-oriented programming. In this type of database, objects are instances of classes, and these objects and their relationships are stored directly in the database.

How does an in-memory database work?

An in-memory database stores data in the computer's primary memory (RAM) instead of on disk. This allows for faster data retrieval and is ideal for applications that require quick access to data and high performance.

What is the purpose of a time series database?

A time series database is designed to handle data that is organized by time intervals. It stores events or measurements along with their timestamps, which is useful for tracking changes over time, such as sensor data or stock market prices.

What does a spatial database store?

A spatial database is designed to store geometric or spatial data, such as coordinates, maps, and other location-based data. It helps manage data related to physical spaces and can support queries that involve geographic features.

What is a multimedia database?

A multimedia database stores various types of media data, such as text, images, videos, and graphics. It is used to manage complex data types that require handling of multimedia content.

What is the difference between a relational database and a NoSQL database?

The main difference is that relational databases organize data into tables with predefined relationships, using SQL for data manipulation, while NoSQL databases allow more flexible data models, typically storing data in formats like key-value pairs, documents, or graphs without the need for a fixed schema.

What is the purpose of NewSQL databases?

NewSQL databases are designed to bridge the gap between traditional relational databases (SQL) and NoSQL databases. They aim to combine the scalability and flexibility of NoSQL with the consistency and structure of relational databases.

What are some common relational database systems mentioned in the video?

Some well-known relational database systems mentioned in the video are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, and Microsoft SQL Server.

What does a blockchain database store and how is it structured?

A blockchain database stores data in the form of blocks that are linked together in a chain. This decentralized structure ensures that data is secure and immutable, making it useful for applications that require high levels of trust and transparency, such as cryptocurrency systems.