Masa Demokrasi Liberal: Kabinet Natsir dan Kabinet Sukiman - Part.2

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era, focusing on the seven cabinets that were formed between 1950 and 1959. The lesson covers the political instability of this period, with a particular focus on the cabinets of Mohammad Natsir and Sukiman. The video discusses key events such as the failed negotiations for the return of Irian Barat, the role of political parties, and the causes behind the downfalls of these cabinets, including motions of no confidence and foreign policy challenges. Viewers gain insights into the complexities of early Indonesian governance and the political landscape during this transformative time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia was marked by instability, with political parties prioritizing their own interests over national stability.
• 😀 The 1950 Provisional Constitution, rather than the 1945 Constitution, was used during this period, which contributed to political uncertainty.
• 😀 The political system during this era was a parliamentary system, where the Prime Minister and cabinet were responsible to the parliament.
• 😀 Seven cabinets were formed during the nine years of the Liberal Democracy period, each facing different challenges and political instability.
• 😀 The first cabinet, led by Prime Minister Natsir, was supported by Masyumi and other smaller parties, but was opposed by PNI, making it difficult to implement policies.
• 😀 Natsir's cabinet faced difficulties in foreign policy, particularly regarding the integration of Irian Barat into Indonesia, which was not successful due to resistance from the Dutch government.
• 😀 Natsir's cabinet was also hindered by the political opposition from the parliament, leading to a vote of no-confidence and its eventual downfall in 1951.
• 😀 The second cabinet, Sukiman's cabinet, was formed through a political compromise between Masyumi and PNI, making it stronger than Natsir's cabinet.
• 😀 Sukiman's cabinet continued similar programs to Natsir's, including preparations for the first national election and efforts to bring Irian Barat into Indonesia.
• 😀 Sukiman's cabinet also faced internal turmoil, such as the controversial release of prisoners by the Minister of Justice and the signing of an aid agreement with the United States, which shifted Indonesia's foreign policy and led to a motion of no-confidence, causing Sukiman's cabinet to fall in 1952.

Q & A

What political system was used during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era?

Indonesia operated under a parliamentary system during the Liberal Democracy era, where the cabinet was led by the Prime Minister and held accountable to the parliament, not the president.

What was the significance of the Temporary Constitution of 1950 in Indonesia?

The Temporary Constitution of 1950 replaced the 1945 Constitution during the Liberal Democracy era, providing a new framework for governance and the parliamentary system.

What were the main challenges faced by the cabinets during the Liberal Democracy era?

The primary challenge was political instability, with frequent government changes caused by party interests dominating over national interests, leading to conflicts and motions of no confidence.

How many cabinets were formed during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era, and what were their main characteristics?

There were seven cabinets formed during the Liberal Democracy era, with the most notable being the cabinets of Muhammad Natsir and Sukiman. These cabinets struggled with political instability, party conflicts, and governance challenges.

What were the key programs implemented by the Natsir Cabinet?

The Natsir Cabinet focused on security and order, preparing for Indonesia's first general election in 1955, and pursuing the integration of Irian Barat (Western New Guinea) into Indonesia.

What led to the downfall of the Natsir Cabinet?

The Natsir Cabinet fell due to a motion of no confidence presented by Hadi Kusumo of the PNI, largely driven by disagreements over government regulations concerning local council appointments.

What were the main programs of the Sukiman Cabinet?

The Sukiman Cabinet continued preparations for the 1955 election, worked on the integration of Irian Barat, and maintained a foreign policy stance of being 'free and active' in world politics.

Why did Sukiman's government face opposition regarding its foreign policy?

Sukiman's cabinet faced opposition when it signed a security agreement with the United States, which was seen as a shift toward the Western bloc, contradicting Indonesia's stance of non-alignment.

What event caused the fall of the Sukiman Cabinet?

The Sukiman Cabinet fell due to a motion of no confidence, primarily triggered by the signing of a security agreement with the United States, which was perceived as a deviation from Indonesia's non-aligned foreign policy.

How did the political landscape during the Liberal Democracy era affect the functioning of the government?

The political landscape was highly fragmented, with conflicting party interests leading to instability, frequent changes in government, and a lack of cohesive action, making it difficult for cabinets to implement their programs effectively.