Sam Richards: un experimento radical en empatía - TED 2010 - Español Subtitulado
Summary
TLDREl texto ofrece una reflexión profunda sobre la empatía como herramienta fundamental en la sociología, la cual permite comprender las fuerzas invisibles que moldean a las personas. A través de hipotéticos escenarios históricos y modernos, el orador invita a los oyentes a ponerse en los zapatos de otros, desde una comunidad opresa en China hasta una familia musulmana en Irak. La narrativa explora cómo la perspectiva puede cambiar radicalmente al entender las motivaciones y emociones de diferentes grupos, incluyendo a los insurgentes. El mensaje principal es que la empatía y la comprensión pueden ampliar nuestra visión del mundo y ayudarnos a analizar las complejidades sociales con mayor profundidad.
Takeaways
- 🧐 Empatía es fundamental para entender las fuerzas invisibles que modelan a las personas en la sociología.
- 🌐 Imaginarse situaciones históricamente o geográficamente diferentes ayuda a desarrollar una comprensión más profunda de las dinámicas sociales.
- 💭 La perspectiva de un sociologo implica comprender las acciones y motivaciones de los individuos, incluso aquellas que parecen en矛盾 o inaceptables.
- 👣 El acto de ponerse en los zapatos de otra persona puede ser un experimento radical que abre nuevas perspectivas y comprensiones.
- 🏛️ La historia hipotética de China como una potencia dominante en Estados Unidos sirve para ilustrar cómo la empatía puede cambiar nuestra comprensión de la pobreza y la riqueza.
- 👨👩👧👦 La vida de una familia árabe musulmana en Irak, vista a través de los ojos de un estadounidense, resalta la importancia de la perspectiva en la comprensión de las relaciones internacionales.
- 🌍 La dependencia de los Estados Unidos del petróleo extranjero y la percepción de la intervención estadounidense en países productores de petróleo son claves en la comprensión de las relaciones globales.
- 💔 La violencia y el sufrimiento en Irak son resultado de una compleja red de intereses y percepciones, no solo de la codicia por los recursos naturales.
- 🕊️ A pesar de las tensiones y conflictos, hay acciones humanitarias y de desarrollo que también son parte de la presencia estadounidense en regiones como Medio Oriente.
- ✝️ La percepción de la religión cristiana en el contexto de la política y las guerras en el Medio Oriente puede llevar a malentendidos y temores sin fundamento.
- 🔄 El análisis socio- cultural requiere de la capacidad de alternar entre diferentes perspectivas y reconocer la complejidad de las motivaciones humanas.
Q & A
¿Qué es la sociología según el script?
-La sociología es el estudio de cómo los seres humanos son moldeados por factores invisibles, es decir, por fuerzas sociales y estructuras que a menudo no son evidentes para los individuos.
¿Cómo sugiere el hablante que uno puede convertirse en un sociologo?
-El hablante sugiere que para convertirse en un sociologo, uno debe comenzar con la empatía, poniéndose en los zapatos de otra persona para entender mejor las fuerzas invisibles que moldean a las personas.
¿Por qué el hablante utiliza la hipérbole de imaginar a China como una superpotencia que extrae carbón de los Estados Unidos?
-El hablante utiliza esta hipérbole para ilustrar cómo las fuerzas invisibles, como el poder económico y político, pueden influir en la vida de las personas de una nación, y para fomentar la empatía al imaginar una situación inversa a la realidad conocida.
¿Qué rol sugiere el hablante que desempeñan las armas y la tecnología en la relación entre China y los Estados Unidos en su ejemplo?
-El hablante sugiere que la tecnología y las armas militares son utilizadas por la 'clase gobernante' para asegurar el control y reprimir a la población, manteniendo así la relación de explotación económica.
¿Cómo describe el hablante la situación en la que los estadounidenses se ven envueltos en el mundo árabe y musulmán?
-El hablante describe la situación como una de conflicto y desesperación, donde los estadounidenses son vistos como invasores con intereses en los recursos petroleros, y donde las acciones militares han causado un gran sufrimiento civil.
¿Qué cree el hablante que es importante entender sobre la perspectiva de un árabe musulmán en Irak?
-El hablante cree que es importante entender la sensación de miedo, la percepción de injusticia y la frustración que puede sentir un árabe musulmán en Irak, especialmente en relación con las políticas y acciones de los Estados Unidos.
¿Qué efecto tiene la empatía en la capacidad de un individuo para comprender la sociología?
-La empatía permite a un individuo comprender mejor las vidas y perspectivas de otros, lo que a su vez puede enriquecer su análisis sociológico y su comprensión del mundo y de las fuerzas sociales en juego.
¿Por qué el hablante insiste en que los estudiantes y la audiencia se imaginen en la situación de otros grupos étnicos y culturales?
-El hablante insiste en esto para fomentar una mayor comprensión y empatía, y para mostrar cómo las acciones y percepciones de un grupo pueden ser malentendidas o malinterpretadas por otro.
¿Qué es el 'experimento radical' que el hablante propone?
-El 'experimento radical' es un ejercicio de empatía que pide a los oyentes que se imaginen en las perspectivas de grupos diferentes, incluidos los insurgentes, para comprender mejor las motivaciones y emociones detrás de sus acciones.
¿Cómo el hablante sugiere que la empatía puede influir en la forma en que uno vee el mundo?
-El hablante sugiere que la empatía puede llevar a una comprensión más profunda y una visión más amplia del mundo, permitiendo a las personas ver las conexiones y las complejidades en las interacciones humanas más allá de sus propias experiencias limitadas.
¿Qué es el mensaje final del hablante para los estudiantes y la audiencia?
-El mensaje final es que la empatía y la capacidad para entender las vidas y perspectivas de otros son herramientas poderosas para el análisis sociológico y para la mejora de la comprensión interpersonal y global.
Outlines
😀 Empatía como herramienta para entender la sociología
El primer párrafo introduce la sociología como el estudio de cómo los seres humanos son moldeados por fuerzas invisibles. El narrador sugiere que la empatía es clave para entender estas fuerzas, y utiliza un ejemplo hipotético para ilustrar cómo la toma de perspectiva puede ayudar a comprender situaciones complejas. Describe una situación en la que China fuera la nación más poderosa y extraiga y exporte carbón de EE. UU., lo que conduce a la riqueza de China y a la desesperación económica en EE. UU. Luego, invita a los estudiantes a imaginarse en la piel de los habitantes de EE. UU. en esa situación y a sentir la ira y el miedo que podrían experimentar.
😕 La perspectiva de un musulmán árabe en Irak
El segundo párrafo profundiza en la idea de la empatía al pedir al lector que adopte la perspectiva de un musulmán árabe en Irak. El narrador explora cómo este individuo podría ver a los estadounidenses como personas ricas y consumistas, dependientes del petróleo iraquí, y cómo podría interpretar las acciones de los EE. UU. en términos de un deseo de controlar ese recurso. Además, discute la percepción de la militarización por parte de los EE. UU. y cómo la política exterior de los Estados Unidos podría ser vista como una amenaza para la soberanía y la estabilidad de Irak. Finalmente, el narrador aborda la complejidad de las percepciones religiosas y culturales, y cómo las acciones y las palabras de figuras como el General Boykin y Terry Jones pueden alimentar la hostilidad y el miedo entre las comunidades.
😤 La ira y el temor frente a la agresión extranjera
El tercer párrafo continúa con la idea de la empatía, pero esta vez desde la perspectiva de un estadounidense que enfrenta la pérdida de un ser querido debido a la 'sublevación del carbón' en manos de las fuerzas chinas. Luego, el narrador vuelve a la situación de Irak y pide que el lector intente entender las motivaciones y emociones de los insurgentes capturados por las fuerzas estadounidenses. Explora la idea de que, aunque la violencia y el terrorismo no son justificados, la comprensión de las circunstancias y las emociones detrás de estas acciones puede ser crucial para una sociología más profunda y humana.
🌐 Ampliando la perspectiva para comprender el mundo
El cuarto y último párrafo concluye el discurso enfatizando la importancia de salir de nuestra 'pequeña vida' y adentrarnos en la vida de otros para construir una comprensión más rica y empática del mundo. El narrador sugiere que, a través de la empatía y la sociología, podemos entender mejor las acciones y motivaciones de los demás, incluso cuando estos parecen en矛盾 con nuestros propios valores y creencias. Concluye agradeciendo a la audiencia y resaltando el poder transformador de la empatía en la construcción de un mundo más comprensivo y conectado.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Empatía
💡Sociología
💡Invisibles fuerzas
💡Globalización
💡Petróleo
💡Conflicto
💡Militarización
💡Democracia
💡Identidad cultural
💡Conflicto religioso
💡Generalización
Highlights
The importance of empathy in understanding sociology
Imagining a scenario where China was the dominant power and exploited US coal resources
The impact of economic disparity and a small ruling elite benefiting from resources
The role of military weapons and technology in maintaining control and suppressing dissent
The emotional response of anger and fear when confronted with foreign occupation
The radical experiment of putting oneself in the shoes of an ordinary Arab Muslim in Iraq
The perception of American motives being driven by oil interests
Stereotyping of Americans as wealthy, living in big houses and driving big cars
The militarization of the world centered in the United States
The hypocrisy of supporting undemocratic oil-producing countries while promoting democracy
The devastating impact of wars, sanctions, and occupations on civilians in Iraq
The perception of Christians as a threat, with some viewing the conflict as a religious crusade
The fear and suspicion generated by extreme views and actions of some Americans, such as Lt. Gen. Boykin and Terry Jones
The importance of stepping outside one's own perspective and repeatedly putting oneself in others' shoes to gain a deeper understanding
The transformative power of empathy and understanding in changing one's worldview
The challenge of transcending stereotypes and seeing the humanity in all people, even those we may initially hate or fear
The sociologist's goal of understanding all perspectives, even those of terrorists, to gain a comprehensive view of society
Transcripts
my students often ask me what is
sociology and I tell them it's the study
of the way in which human beings are
shaped by things that they don't see and
they say so how can I be a sociologist
how can I understand those invisible
forces and I say empathy start with
empathy it all begins with empathy take
yourself out of your shoes put yourself
into the shoes of another person here
I'll give you an example so I imagine my
life if a hundred years ago China had
been the most powerful nation in the
world and they came to the United States
in search of coal and they found it and
in fact they found lots of it right here
and pretty soon they began shipping that
coal ton by ton railcar by railcar
boatload by boatload back to China and
elsewhere around the world
and they got fabulously wealthy in doing
so in they build beautiful cities all
powered on that coal and back here
in the United States we saw economic
despair deprivation this is what I saw I
saw people struggling to get by not
knowing what was what and what was next
and then I asked myself a question I say
how is it possible that we can be so
poor here in the United States because
the coal is such a wealthy resources so
much money and I realize because the
Chinese ingratiate themselves with a
small ruling class here in the United
States who stole all of that money and
all of that wealth for themselves and
the rest of us the vast majority of us
struggle to get by and the Chinese gave
this small ruling elite loads of
military weapons and sophisticated
technology in order to ensure that
people like me would not speak out
against this relationship
does this sound familiar and they did
things like trained Americans to help
protect the coal and everywhere were
symbols of the Chinese everywhere a
constant reminder and back in China what
they say in China nothing gonna talk
about us I don't got the coal if you ask
him they'll say well you know the coal
we need the coal I mean come on I'm not
gonna turn down my thermostat
you can't expect that and so I get angry
and I get pissed as do lots of average
people and we fight back and it gets
really ugly and the Chinese respond in a
very ugly way and before we know it
they've sent in the tanks and they send
in the troops and lots of people are
dying and it's a very very difficult
situation
can you imagine what you would feel if
you were in my shoes can you imagine
walking out of this building and seeing
a tank sitting out there or a truck full
of soldiers
it's just imagine what you would feel
because you know why they're here and
you know what they're doing here you
just feel the anger and you feel the
fear okay if you can that's empathy
that's sympathy you've left your shoes
and you've stood in mine and you kind of
feel that okay so that's the warm up
that's the warm up now we're gonna have
the real radical experiment and so for
the remainder of my talk what I want you
to do is put yourselves in the shoes of
an ordinary Arab Muslim living in the
Middle East in particular in Iraq
okay and so to help you perhaps you're a
member of this middle-class family in
Baghdad and what you want is the best
for your kids you're running your kids
to have a better life and you watch the
news you pay attention you read the
newspaper you go down to the coffee shop
with your friends and you read the
newspapers from around the world and
sometimes you even watch satellite CNN
from the United States so you have a
sense of what the Americans are thinking
but really you just want a better life
for yourself that's what you want your
Arab Muslim living in Iraq you want a
better life for yourself so here let me
help you let me help you with some
things that you might be thinking number
one this incursion into your land these
past 20 years and before the reason
anyone is interested in your land in
particularly the United States its oil
but it's all about oil you know that
everybody knows that people here back in
the United States know it's about oil
right it's because somebody else has a
design for your resource
it's your resource it's not somebody
else's right it's your land
it's your resource somebody else has
designed for it and you know why they
have a design you know why they have
their their eyes set on it because they
have an entire economic system that's
dependent on that oil foreign oil oil
from other parts of the world that they
don't own and what else do you think
about these people well the Americans
the rich come on they live in big houses
they have big cars they all have blond
hair blue eyes they're happy you think
that it's not true of course but that's
the median impression that's like what
you get and they have big cities and the
cities are all dependent on oil and back
home what do you see
poverty despair struggle look you don't
live in a wealthy country I mean this is
a rock you don't live in this is what
you see you see people struggling to get
by I mean it's not easy you see a lot of
poverty and you feel something about
this these people have designs for your
resource and this is what you see
something else you see that you talk
about Americans don't talk about this
but you do
this thing this this militarization of
the world in its centered right in the
United States in the United States is
responsible for almost 1/2 of the
world's military spending 4 percent of
the world's population and you feel it
you see it every day it's part of your
life and you mean you talk about it with
your friends you read about it right and
back when Saddam Hussein was in power
the Americans didn't care about his
crimes when he was gassing the Kurds and
guessing Iran didn't care about it when
oil was at stake somehow suddenly things
mattered and what you see something else
the United States the hub of democracy
around the world they don't seem to
really be supporting democratic
countries all around the world there are
a lot of countries oil-producing
countries that aren't very democratic
but supported by the United States odd
oh these incursions these two wars the
ten years of sanctions the eight years
of occupation the insurgency that's been
unleashed on your people the tens of
thought the hundreds of thousands of
civilian deaths oh because of oil you
can't help but think that you talk about
it it's in the forefront of your mind
always you say how is that possible in
this man he's every man your grandfather
your uncle your father your son your
neighbor your professor your student
once a life happiness and joy and
suddenly pain and sorrow everyone in
your country has been touched by the
violence the bloodshed the pain the
horror everybody not a single person in
your country has not been touched
so here but there's something else
there's something else about these these
people these these Americans who are
there there's something else about them
that you see they don't see themselves
and what do you see the Christians
they're Christians they worship the
Christian God they have crosses they
carry Bibles their Bibles have a little
insignia that says US Army on them in
their leaders their leaders before they
send their sons and daughters off to war
in your country and you know the reason
before they send them off they go to a
Christian Church and they pray to their
Christian God and they ask for
protection and guidance from that God
why
well obviously so that if when people
die in the war they are Muslims they are
Iraqis there are Americans
you know when Americans to die protect
our troops and you feel something about
that of course you do and they do
wonderful things you read about it you
hear but they're there to build schools
and help people and that's what they
want to do they do wonderful things but
they also do the bad things and you
can't tell the difference in this guy
you got a guy like Lieutenant General
William Boykin I mean here's a guy who
says that your God is a false God your
gods an idol his God is the true God the
solution for the problem in the Middle
East according kim is to convert you all
to christianity just giving a religion
and you know that americans don't read
about this guy they don't know anything
about him but you do you pass it around
you've has his words around I mean this
is serious you're afraid he was one of
the leading commanders in the second
invasion of Iraq and you're thinking we
got if this guy is saying that then all
the soldiers must be saying that in this
word here George Bush called this war a
crusade man the Americans they say a
crusade whatever I don't know what that
mean you know what it means it's a holy
war against Muslims look invade subdue
them take their resources if they won't
submit kill them that's what this is
about
and you're thinking my god these
Christians are coming to kill us
this is frightening you feel frightened
of course you feel frightened in this
man Terry Jones I mean here's a guy
wants to burn Korans right in Americans
what he's a knucklehead he's a former
hotel manager he's got three dozen
members of his church they laugh him off
you don't laugh him off because in the
context
everything else all the pieces fit I
mean of course this is how Americans
take it so people all over the Middle
East not just in your country are
protesting like this is he wants a burqa
runs our holy book these Christians who
are these Christians they're so evil
they're so mean I mean this is what
they're about this is what you're
thinking as an Arab Muslim as an Iraqi
of course you're going to think this and
then your cousin says hey cuz check out
this website you got to see this
this Bible boot camp these Christians
are nuts they're training their little
kids to be soldiers for Jesus and they
take these little kids and they run them
through these things they teach them how
to say sir yes sir and things like
grenade toss and weapons care and
maintenance and go to the website says
US Army right on it I mean these
Christians they're nuts
how would they do this to their little
kids and you're reading this website and
of course Christians back in the United
States or anybody says ah this is some
little tiny Church in the middle of
nowhere you don't know that for you this
is like all Christians like they're all
it's all over the web Bible boot camp
and look at this they even teach their
kids they trained him in the same way
the US Marines train isn't that
interesting and it scares you and it
frightens you so these guys you see them
you see I Sam Richards I know who these
guys are they're my students my friends
I mean I know what they're thinking you
don't know when you see them there's
something else there's something else
that's what they are to you we don't see
it that way in the United States but you
see it that way right
so here
of course you got it wrong you're
generalizing it's wrong you don't
understand the Americans it's not a
Christian invasion we're not just there
for oil were there for lots of reason I
mean you have it wrong you missed it and
of course most of you don't support the
insurgency you don't support killing
Americans people you don't support the
terrorists of course you don't
very few people do but something you do
right and this is a perspective ok so
now here's what we're gonna do step
outside of your shoes that you're in
right now and step back into your normal
shoes so everyone's back in the room ok
now here comes the radical experiment so
we're all back home this photo this
woman man I feel her I feel her she's my
sister my wife my cousin my neighbor
she's anybody to me these guys standing
there everybody in the photo I feel this
photo man ok so here's what I want you
to do let's go back to my first example
of the Chinese ok so I want you to go
there so it's all about Cole and the
Chinese are here in the United States
and what I want you to do is picture her
as a Chinese woman receiving a Chinese
flag because her loved one has died in
America in the Cole uprising and the
soldiers are Chinese and everybody else
has Chinese ok as an American how do you
feel about this picture what do you
think about that scene
okay try this bring it back this is the
scene here
it's an American American soldiers
American woman who lost her loved one in
the Middle East in Iraq or Afghanistan
okay
now put yourself in the shoes go back to
the shoes of an Arab Muslim living in
Iraq
what are you feeling and thinking about
this photo about this woman
okay now follow me on this because I'm
taking a big risk here and so I'm gonna
invite you to take a risk with me these
gentlemen here they're insurgents they
were caught by the American soldiers
trying to kill Americans it may be they
succeeded
maybe they succeeded put yourself in the
shoes of the Americans who caught them
can you feel the rage can you feel you
just want to take these guys and wring
their necks
I mean can you go there it shouldn't be
that difficult you know you just be oh
man right okay now put yourself in their
shoes are they brutal killers or
patriotic defenders which one can you
feel their anger their fear their rage
at what has happened in their country
can you imagine that maybe one of them
in the morning bent down to their child
and hug their child and said dear I'll
be back later
I'm going out to defend your freedom
your lives I'm going out to look out for
us the future of our country can you
imagine that can you imagine saying that
can you go there what do you think
they're feeling
you see that sympathy it's also
understanding now you might ask okay Sam
so why do you do this sort of thing why
would you use this example of all
examples and I say because because
you're allowed to hate these people
right you're allowed to man just hate
them with every fiber of your being and
if I can get you to step into their
shoes and walk an inch one tiny inch
then imagine the kind of sociological
analysis that you can do in all other
aspects of your life you can walk a mile
when it comes to understanding why that
person driving 40 miles per hour in the
passing lane or your teenage son or your
neighbor who annoys you by cutting his
lawn on Sunday mornings whatever it is
you can go so far and this is what I
tell my students step outside of your
tiny little world
step inside of the tiny little world of
somebody else and then do it again and
do it again and do it again and suddenly
all these tiny little worlds they come
together in this complex web and they
build a big complex world and suddenly
without realizing it you're seeing the
world differently everything has changed
everything in your life has changed and
that's of course what this is about
attend to other lives other visions
listen to other people enlighten
ourselves I'm not saying that I support
the terrorists in Iraq but as a
sociologist what I am saying is I
understand and now perhaps perhaps you
do too
thank you
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