EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 5 -GATE ARCHITECTURE TUTORIAL
Summary
TLDRThis video offers an educational journey through the history of Early Christian and Byzantine architecture. Starting with the emergence of Early Christian architecture around 580 AD, the video explores its Roman influences, architectural elements like basilican, Greek cross, and Latin cross designs, and distinctive structures such as cathedrals, campaniles, and baptisteries. Transitioning to Byzantine architecture, which began around 550 AD, it highlights the evolution of dome construction and the adaptation of previous architectural styles. The video emphasizes the practical and ornamental aspects of these architectures, such as the use of domes and mosaics, aiming to help viewers easily differentiate and understand these historical styles.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ Early Christian architecture began around 580 and marked the beginning of truss usage, such as king post and queen post trusses.
- 🏟️ The architectural style was initially less developed and heavily influenced by Roman architecture, with three main types: basilican, Greek cross, and Latin cross.
- 🛕 Basilican churches were modeled after Roman temples and dedicated to specific saints, with a focus on worshippers rather than deities.
- 🏢 Early Christian structures included cathedrals, campaniles (towers), and baptisteries, which were separate buildings for baptism practices.
- 🎨 Fine sculptures and mosaics were incorporated into new basilicas, with specific architectural elements like atrium, ambulatory, narthex, nave, aisles, transept, and apse.
- 🕍 Byzantine architecture, which started around 550 A.D., is characterized by the development and use of domes, which replaced the truss system.
- ⚓️ The basic construction system in Byzantine architecture involved classic columnar style with various types of domes and semicircular arches resting on columns and capitals.
- 🏙️ There were three types of domes used in Byzantine architecture: simple, compound, and pendentives, each with distinct characteristics and construction methods.
- 🌉 The Hagia Sophia is a prime example of Byzantine architecture, featuring a squarish plan with a large dome and windows at the springing level.
- 🏰 Saint Mark's in Venice is another example of Byzantine architecture, showcasing the style's influence and adaptation in different regions.
- 📚 To understand the history of architecture, it's essential to remember the basic points and styles, which will make it easier to differentiate and recognize various architectural periods.
Q & A
When did early Christian architecture begin?
-Early Christian architecture began around 580 AD.
What was a significant feature in the development of early Christian architecture?
-The beginning of the use of trusses, specifically king post and king post trusses, was a significant feature in the development of early Christian architecture.
How did early Christian architecture differ from Roman architecture in terms of focus?
-While Roman architecture focused on the god as the main character, early Christian architecture concentrated more on the worshippers.
What are the three main structures found in early Christian architecture?
-The three main structures in early Christian architecture are the cathedral, the campanile (tower), and the baptistery.
What is the term for the tower in early Christian architecture?
-The tower in early Christian architecture is called a campanile.
What is the name of the main entrance area in early Christian church plans?
-The main entrance area in early Christian church plans is known as the atrium.
When did Byzantine architecture start?
-Byzantine architecture started around 550 AD.
What is the key feature of Byzantine architecture?
-The key feature of Byzantine architecture is the use of domes, which became a central element in their design.
What are the three types of domes used in Byzantine architecture?
-The three types of domes used in Byzantine architecture are simple, compound, and special domes.
What is the name of the decoration above the main statue or altar in a Byzantine church?
-The decoration above the main statue or altar in a Byzantine church is known as a baldachin.
What is the significance of the windows at the springing level of the dome in Hagia Sophia?
-The windows at the springing level of the dome in Hagia Sophia allow light to enter and create a unique interior atmosphere, which is a special feature of Byzantine architecture.
Which famous historical building is an example of Byzantine architecture?
-Hagia Sophia in Istanbul is a famous historical building that exemplifies Byzantine architecture.
Outlines
🏛 Early Christian Architecture Overview
This paragraph introduces early Christian architecture, which began around 580 AD. It emphasizes the use of truss systems like king post and king posters. The architecture was initially of less architectural value and heavily influenced by Roman styles. Three types of structures are identified: basilican, Greek cross, and Latin cross. The basilican type is modeled after Roman temples and is dedicated to a particular saint. The paragraph also describes the components of a church, including the cathedral, campanile (tower), and baptistery (for baptisms). It outlines the parts of a church plan, such as the atrium, ambulatory, narthex, nave, aisles, transept, and apse. Additionally, it discusses the use of catacombs for burials as an alternative to cremation and the development of special architectural features like the baldachin above the altar.
🏟 Byzantine Architecture and Domes
The second paragraph delves into Byzantine architecture, which started around 550 AD. It highlights the development of domes as a key feature, with the dome replacing the truss system and becoming a signature style of Orthodox churches. The plan of Byzantine churches is centralized and domed, with a construction system that includes various types of domes: simple, compound, and pendentives. The simple dome is part of a single sphere, while the compound dome consists of separate spheres for the dome and pendentives. Pendentives are triangular sections that help support the dome, and squinches are used to elevate a dome over an octagonal base. Special domes include melon-like shapes or onion or bulbous designs. The paragraph also mentions the famous example of Hagia Sophia, with its squarish plan and notable windows at the springing level of the dome, which is a distinctive feature of Byzantine architecture.
📚 Recap and Key Points for Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture
The final paragraph serves as a recap, summarizing the key points from the discussion on early Christian and Byzantine architecture. For early Christian architecture, it reminds viewers to remember the entrance from the west, central atrium, ambulatory space, narthex, nave supported by aisles, transept, and apse. It also notes the development of king post and pin post trusses. For Byzantine architecture, the focus is on the types of domes: simple, compound, and special. The paragraph encourages viewers to practice and differentiate architectural styles, making it easier to understand and recognize them. It concludes with a message of thanks and well wishes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Early Christian architecture
💡Basilican
💡Truss
💡Campanile
💡Baptistry
💡Byzantine architecture
💡Dome
💡Greek Cross and Latin Cross
💡Catacombs
💡Clerestory
Highlights
Introduction to Early Christian and Byzantine architecture.
Origins of Early Christian architecture around 580 AD.
Development of architectural features such as the truss, specifically the king post.
Influence of Roman architecture on Early Christian styles.
Explanation of the basic church types: Basilican, Greek cross, and Latin cross.
Significance of church dedication to saints, such as Saint Mark in Venice.
Comparison of Greek and Roman temples to Christian churches in terms of patron focus.
Key structures in Early Christian architecture: cathedral, campanile, and baptistry.
Detailed description of the church layout including the atrium, ambulatory, nave, and transept.
The function and architectural separation of baptistries in church complexes.
Transition to Byzantine architecture starting around 550 AD.
Introduction of domes in Byzantine architecture, replacing the truss system.
Classification of domes in Byzantine construction: simple, compound, and special.
Detailed exploration of Hagia Sophia as a premier example of Byzantine architecture.
Distinctive architectural advancements in Byzantine compared to Roman styles, focusing on dome construction.
Transcripts
[Music]
hey guys welcome back to my channel
so in this video we will be learning
about early christian architecture
and byzantine okay so early christian
architecture started around 580
so let's straightly look at the
architectural character
so the early christian architecture was
the beginning of use of
truss okay so king post and king posters
really began to develop during the early
christian architecture
okay so it had less architectural value
at the beginning and it was highly
influenced by the roman which was the
previous period
okay so there are three types that is
basilican
greek cross latin cross so basilican
charges are the basic
types okay so it took roman temple as
its model
usually directed over the barrier place
of the saint it was dedicated to
so whatever saint like saint
mark venice or whatever the example is
so each each and every church was
dedicated to a particular saint
so greek and roman temples are sheltered
to god christian
christian church was sheltered to its
worshippers
so during greek and roman period the god
was the main
main character while churches began to
concentrate more on worship person
so early christian architecture consists
of three structures cathedral
campanile and baptist tree okay
campaigner is the tower
and baptist tree is a sub-service
baptism is practiced
so fine sculptures and mosaics walked
into new basilica
there were entrance at rest prey stood
behind or returned
so let's look at the basic parts
this is entrance from the west okay
so the central uh courtyard is known as
atrium
while the paths surrounding the
courtyard is known as ambulatory
okay the first horizontal
division is known as northex then comes
the main walkway that is
uh nail okay and the side walkways are
known as high
so there is next comes the concept
this part the origin and the vertical
part where it intersects it is known as
transect
okay and this end the curvature end is
known as epsilon
and this part is known as beam okay
so let's understand this in plan so
entrance from the west there is an
atrium this surrounding is known as
ambulatory okay the surrounding path is
known as ambulatory
the first horizontal division is northex
then comes
at the central walkway that is name and
the sidewalkways are known as
rather and the main
division the intersection between
horizontal and vertical is known as
transect
and beam on there is upside down okay
so these are the main parts that you
need to remember
in early christian architecture
so now let's look at baptist trees okay
baptist is used only for practice of
baptism
or on festival or on easter okay
these are generally large separated
buildings which are placed away from the
church okay
they are separate buildings the church
and the baptistry are separate buildings
okay
a part of church and a separate building
in which baptism is administered
is the basic definition of what
baptistry is
okay and then comes storms or catacombs
christians objected to cremation instead
of burial on consecrated ground
land for burials had become scarce and
expensive
monumental terms become expressions of
faith in mortality so
they began to develop toms okay
symmetries or catacombs were excavated
below ground
usually domed or enriched lavish mosaic
decorations
okay so this is the ornamental canopy of
stone
made up of marble so they are decorated
decoration above the decoration above
the where the main statue is press
or present of the jesus okay so the
decoration above it
it is known as biology okay that is
an important term biology okay so this
bad action is
decoration decoration above
the altar decoration decorative
above alter okay
this is main belt known
so this was all about early christian
architecture
so there's not more not much to learn
this
only you need to remember these parts
okay ambulatory atrium north x
i'll name epsilon and this part
where the vertical and the horizontal
intersects
is known as transect
all right thumbs up
so let's carry on further with byzantine
architecture
so byzantine architecture started around
550 a.d
right so during the early christian
architecture
uh roof trusses were developed that is
king pushed and being post
and during byzantine architecture the
main key word is
dom okay so domes were developed
right so the first building constructed
where churches
dumped early christian and new domical
byzantine sites is about domical so
there were
use of domes byzantine is still official
style of an orthodox church
so please refer to byzantine
greek cross and latin cross okay this is
a greek cross
and this is a latin cross church okay
so these are the types of charts that
i've forgotten to mention it earlier
so by silicon plan it is very similar to
a planning of an
early christian search okay mainly it
was centralized
during byzantine and it was domed so the
plan was centralized and domed and
basic planning was dependent on early
christian architecture
so construction system is domical
construction
with called classic columnar style domes
of various
types and pendant tails were used there
were semicircular arches
okay rest directly on columns and
capitals
so it was like this this was column
and there were capitals of columns and
semicircular arches were
resting on it so this was the basic
style
the first construction system that was
used
then comes dome the dome was the
prevailing and
was the prevailing most of byzantine
architecture practice
okay it replaced the truss system
okay it mainly involves domes
so there are three types of domes simple
compound and
special a simple dome which looks like
it
where pendant use and domes are part of
a same sphere
okay see this is one particular sphere
if you imagine a sphere over here
it will look something like this so this
pendant tubes
and this dome are a part of an same
sphere
okay but in compound or dome
that do the dome and pendant you rise
independently
so this is part of one sphere and this
is another sphere
okay so they develop independently
so this one is pendant and this one is
the dome
okay as you can see in this picture it
is this it is
written as pendant okay
so this part this triangular portion
okay
it is known as pendant and here it is
written as
quince okay it is written as quenches
so it is basically developing a dome
with an octagonal base one two three
four
orthogonal base right so developing a
dome
in an octagonal base it is known as
switches okay so these are this is the
difference between pendant tubes and
switches
so then there are special domes with
melon like dome serrated
onion or bulbar stones okay
so these are the three types of domes
which are used in byzantine architecture
so let's look at the examples the main
example is hagia sofia
when you see the hardness of your plan
it is something squarish
with each side measuring 31 meter
okay there is construction of domes and
see one interesting point here in
this highest of your dome there are
windows at the
projecting level or spring level okay
so there are windows right here
okay so this is the speciality of
association where in roman
pantheon you saw oculus at the top so
there was some
hollow thing opening at the top okay so
when you see in section it
looks like this okay so this was
in roman pantheon and uh
this is in aya sofia right
so it was built by trailers and esodoras
of milliliters
okay so perfect example of an byzantine
style
it was later converted into a mosque
so these are the there is another
example that is
saint mark okay
and venice
okay so all these are examples of
byzantine architecture
so all you need to remember in from this
video is the parts that we saw
and for early christian there was
entrance from the west
there was central atrium okay and then
there was ambulatory space
then comes the north x that is the first
horizontal
then comes nav supported by asyl
surround
hail around then comes transect beam
over here and an epsilon okay
so this is what you need to remember for
early christian
where king post and pinpost trust well
developed
and for byzantine you need to remember
the types of domes
so there were three simple compound
and special domes okay so these were the
types of domes that were
used during byzantine construction
okay i hope you understood this video
this was a very simple video
all the history history of architecture
videos are basically
not like mugging up on all you just need
to remember the basic points and
you need to figure out the style okay so
once you start
differentiating the style it will be
very easy for you okay
so keep on practicing all the best take
care of yourself
thank you
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