Sistem Demokrasi dan Pemilu di Indonesia Suara Demokrasi

Summary

The video provides an overview of Indonesia's electoral system and its democratic history. It explains how the president is elected through general elections (Pemilu) in Indonesia, which is the world's third-largest democracy. It also outlines the types of electoral systems, the role of the Election Commission (KPU), and the principles guiding elections: direct, general, free, secret, honest, and fair. The video traces Indonesia's democratic evolution, from the early parliamentary democracy, through the era of guided democracy and the New Order, to the current reforms. It encourages students to learn about democracy and its practices.

Takeaways

• 🗳️ Indonesia holds elections (Pemilu) to select its president through a democratic process, being the third largest democracy in the world.
• 🌍 Democracy comes from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (power), meaning that the people participate in governance and policies prioritize their welfare.
• 📜 There are two election systems: the district system, where one representative is chosen from each district, and the proportional system, where political parties gain seats based on the number of votes received.
• 👥 Indonesia's DPR and DPRD elections use the proportional system, while the DPD uses a multi-representative district system where four representatives are selected from each province.
• 🔑 Only political parties that meet the parliamentary threshold, or minimum vote percentage, can secure seats in the DPR.
• 🛠️ The General Election Commission (KPU) is an independent body that organizes elections every five years, governed by the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 7 of 2017 on General Elections.
• ⚖️ The Indonesian election system operates on the principles of 'luber jurdil,' meaning elections must be direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair.
• 🗳️ Voters in Indonesia, aged 17 and above, participate in elections by going to polling stations (TPS) to cast their ballots, which includes marking and submitting their vote in secret.
• 📚 Indonesia's election history transitioned through different forms of democracy, from parliamentary democracy to guided democracy and then the New Order era before reaching the current system post-reform.
• 👥 Presidential elections in Indonesia were first held in 2004, with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono winning the first direct election, followed by the presidencies of Joko Widodo in 2014 and 2019.

Q & A

How is the President of Indonesia elected?

The President of Indonesia is elected through a general election, known as Pemilu, which is a democratic practice in Indonesia.

What is the meaning of democracy, and where does the word come from?

Democracy comes from the Greek words 'demos,' meaning 'people,' and 'kratos,' meaning 'government.' It is a system in which the people have a role in governance, and policies must prioritize the people's welfare.

What are the two main electoral systems mentioned in the script?

The two main electoral systems are the district system and the proportional system.

How does the district system work in Indonesia?

In the district system, each electoral district selects one representative, and the candidate with the most votes wins. Indonesia uses a multi-member district system for the Regional Representative Council (DPD), with four representatives chosen per province.

What is the proportional system, and where is it applied in Indonesia's elections?

The proportional system allocates seats to political parties based on the number of votes they receive. This system is used in the election of the House of Representatives (DPR) and Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in Indonesia.

What is the parliamentary threshold in Indonesia’s electoral system?

The parliamentary threshold is the minimum percentage of votes a political party must obtain to secure seats in the DPR.

What are the principles of Pemilu in Indonesia?

Pemilu in Indonesia is based on the principles of 'luber jurdil,' which stands for 'langsung' (direct), 'umum' (general), 'bebas' (free), 'rahasia' (secret), 'jujur' (honest), and 'adil' (fair).

What role does the General Election Commission (KPU) play in Indonesia’s elections?

The KPU is the independent body responsible for organizing elections in Indonesia, which are held every five years and regulated by the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 7 of 2017.

How has Indonesia's democratic system evolved since its first elections?

Indonesia has evolved from a parliamentary democracy to a guided democracy, and then to the New Order, which centralized power, and finally to the current reform era that emphasizes fair elections and limits the presidential term to two periods.

What changes occurred in Indonesia’s electoral system during the Reform era?

The Reform era brought a return to fair elections, introduced direct presidential elections, added 'honest and fair' as electoral principles, and limited the president's term to two periods.