Materi Sejarah - Penelitian Sejarah - Kurikulum Merdeka Kelas X SMA

Summary

The video script explains the scientific approach to historical research, comparing historians to detectives who collect, analyze, and interpret data. It discusses the four main stages of historical research as proposed by Louis Gottschalk: gathering information, verifying authenticity, drawing conclusions, and compiling a report. The video also covers various research methods, such as heuristics, source criticism, and historiography. Additionally, it outlines two types of historical sources—primary and secondary—highlighting the importance of archives, artifacts, and oral history in reconstructing the past.

Takeaways

• 📜 Historical studies are based on real events, not myths, using scientific research to uncover past phenomena.
• 🕵️‍♂️ Conducting historical research is akin to being a detective, gathering information from multiple sources to analyze and report on the findings.
• 📚 Louis Gottschalk outlines four key steps in historical research: gathering relevant information, filtering unclear or dubious data, drawing conclusions from reliable evidence, and compiling the findings into a report.
• 🔍 Heuristics refers to collecting data from various historical sources during research.
• ✅ Source verification involves checking the authenticity of historical sources.
• 💡 Interpretation involves understanding the meaning and relationships between verified historical sources.
• ✍️ Historiography is the process of writing the results of historical research.
• 📜 There are two types of historical sources: primary sources (original data like archives and artifacts) and secondary sources (post-event data like research papers and biographies).
• 📁 Primary sources include archives, photos, films, official records, and interviews with historical witnesses.
• 📖 Secondary sources are supporting documents like historical studies, biographies, and reports created after the event.

Q & A

What is the main distinction between historical studies and myths?

Historical studies are based on actual events that occurred in the past and use scientific research methods, whereas myths are fictional or legendary stories without factual basis.

What is the primary purpose of historical research?

The primary purpose of historical research is to discover, reveal, investigate, and analyze past events using scientific procedures to form a comprehensive understanding of history.

What is the first step in conducting historical research according to Loui Gocek?

The first step is to gather various relevant written and oral information.

How should unclear or doubtful information be handled in historical research?

Unclear or doubtful information should be discarded if its authenticity cannot be confirmed.

What is the process of 'heuristics' in historical research?

Heuristics involves collecting data from various historical sources to build a foundation for research.

What are the two main types of historical sources?

The two main types of historical sources are primary sources, which come directly from the time of the event, and secondary sources, which are created after the event by others.

What makes archival documents important in historical research?

Archival documents are considered essential because they are created contemporaneously with historical events, providing direct evidence of the past.

Can you give examples of primary historical sources?

Examples of primary historical sources include archives such as photographs, videos, official documents, laws, meeting notes, and personal correspondence from the time of the event.

What are secondary historical sources, and can you provide some examples?

Secondary historical sources are data created after the event, such as biographies, historical studies, and newspaper articles written later.

What are the three forms of historical sources based on their format?

The three forms of historical sources are written sources (e.g., manuscripts, letters, books), oral sources (e.g., oral traditions, interviews), and physical objects (e.g., buildings, artifacts).