Seberapa Parah Pembantaian 1965-1966 Sebenarnya?
Summary
TLDRThe script explores the dark history of mass graves in Indonesia, particularly surrounding the events of 1965-1966, when up to one million people were killed or disappeared during the anti-communist purge. It reflects on the widespread persecution of those suspected of supporting the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), including arbitrary detentions, torture, and mass killings. The narrative delves into political intrigue, including the mysterious Supersemar letter and international involvement, particularly from the U.S. It underscores the importance of confronting this painful history for Indonesia to move forward and learn from its past.
Takeaways
- 🌲 Mysterious mass graves exist across various locations in Indonesia, often undiscovered and taboo to discuss.
- 👥 An estimated 1 million Indonesians disappeared or were killed during the 1965–1966 purge, with many being labeled as supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI).
- 📜 In 2023, President Jokowi acknowledged human rights violations during the 1965–1966 period, but no concrete justice has been provided for the victims and their families.
- ⚔️ The purge targeted anyone suspected of being associated with the PKI, leading to the imprisonment and torture of many, as well as continued persecution across generations.
- 🔪 The political chaos was fueled by the murder of six army generals in the Lubang Buaya incident, which was blamed on the PKI, although many believe this accusation lacked clear evidence.
- 📜 The controversial 'Supersemar' letter gave Suharto authority to take military control, which led to the dissolution of the PKI and the rise of his New Order regime.
- 🇺🇸 Declassified US intelligence suggests that the United States supported the Indonesian military in suppressing the PKI, as part of their Cold War agenda against communism.
- 🛑 For 32 years under Suharto, the PKI was painted as a traitorous force influenced by foreign communist powers, making their history highly censored and controversial.
- 🎭 Despite their later demonization, the PKI played a role in fighting colonialism and advancing education and cultural projects, especially for the poor in rural areas.
- 🔍 The massacre is one of the largest in Indonesian history, but remains shrouded in secrecy, with many survivors and families still seeking answers and accountability.
Q & A
What is the central theme of the provided script?
-The script discusses the mass graves and human rights violations in Indonesia, particularly during the political turmoil of 1965-1966, focusing on the anti-communist purge following the alleged involvement of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) in the events of the 30 September Movement (G30S).
What event triggered the purge against the PKI in 1965-1966?
-The purge was triggered by the G30S movement in which six Indonesian army generals were kidnapped and killed. The PKI was accused of orchestrating this plot, which led to mass arrests, killings, and suppression of those associated with the party.
How many people are estimated to have been killed or disappeared during this purge?
-It is estimated that around 1 million people were killed or disappeared during the anti-communist purge between 1965 and 1966.
What role did the United States allegedly play in the events of 1965-1966 in Indonesia?
-According to declassified intelligence documents, the United States supported the Indonesian military in suppressing the PKI. This included providing financial aid and weaponry, as the US was concerned about the growing influence of communism in Indonesia during the Cold War.
What was 'Supersemar,' and why is it significant in Indonesian history?
-'Supersemar' is a mysterious letter signed by President Sukarno, which granted General Suharto emergency powers. This letter is significant because it led to Suharto taking control of Indonesia's military and later the presidency, marking the beginning of the New Order regime.
Why is the PKI still considered a taboo subject in Indonesia today?
-The PKI is considered taboo due to the deep association with the violent events of 1965-1966 and the decades of anti-communist propaganda under Suharto's New Order regime, which portrayed the PKI as traitors and enemies of the state.
What lasting impact did the purge of 1965-1966 have on the victims' families?
-Many families of the victims faced discrimination, social ostracism, and were denied opportunities, such as employment in government jobs. This stigma has persisted for generations, affecting the descendants of those accused of being affiliated with the PKI.
What does the script suggest about the complexity of the PKI's role in Indonesian history?
-The script suggests that while the PKI was demonized for its involvement in the events of 1965, it also played a significant role in promoting social welfare, education, and anti-colonial efforts in Indonesia, highlighting the nuanced and complex nature of its history.
What message does the script convey about historical narratives and the importance of understanding the past?
-The script emphasizes that history is often written by the victors, and many stories, especially those of the oppressed, are left untold. It encourages a deeper investigation into the past to uncover hidden truths and to learn from history to avoid repeating its mistakes.
How does the script link the events of 1965-1966 with broader philosophical ideas about history and memory?
-The script draws on the idea that those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. It stresses the importance of acknowledging all aspects of history—both glorious and tragic—to become a more mature and informed society.
Outlines
🌳 Discovery of Hidden Mass Graves in Indonesia's Forests
This paragraph opens with a chilling scenario of people stumbling upon mysterious trees surrounded by stones in a forest, only to realize they are walking over mass graves containing the bodies of thousands of people. These mass graves, remnants of Indonesia's dark past, remain shrouded in mystery. The paragraph then transitions to President Jokowi's acknowledgment of gross human rights violations from 1965-1966, where around a million Indonesians disappeared or were killed, mostly accused of supporting the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). This tragic event left families shattered, with no closure about their loved ones' fate.
🔍 The Role of PKI and the Start of the Tragedy
The narrative shifts to the political atmosphere during the 1960s when accusations against the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) led to widespread arrests and deaths. This was initiated after the assassination of six Army generals during the G30S incident, for which the PKI was blamed. With no conclusive evidence linking the PKI to the murders, military and public suspicion grew, leading to mass detentions and killings of suspected communists. Soeharto, a military general, capitalized on the chaos, took control of the military, dissolved the PKI, and weakened the influence of then-President Sukarno, paving the way for his eventual rise to power.
🇺🇸 American Involvement and the Suppression of Truth
This section delves into possible alternative narratives regarding the PKI’s involvement, speculating that factions such as the Indonesian military, Sukarno, or even Suharto himself could have played roles. It highlights new information from declassified American intelligence documents revealing U.S. support in weakening the PKI during the Cold War. The U.S., fearing Indonesia's tilt toward communism, allegedly provided financial and military aid to the Indonesian army. However, the dominant narrative over 32 years of Soeharto's rule continued to place the PKI as the sole villain, leaving little room for alternative truths.
🛠️ The Complex Legacy of the PKI in Indonesia
The paragraph explores the ambiguous legacy of the PKI in Indonesia. While the party is often demonized as traitors influenced by foreign powers, the reality is more complex. The PKI was involved in movements against colonial rule and supported social programs such as education for the poor. Despite their controversial actions, the party had widespread influence, helping reduce illiteracy and fostering a cultural movement in theater and the arts. The narrative underscores that the PKI's role in Indonesian history isn't as black and white as portrayed by decades of anti-communist propaganda.
⚖️ The Brutality of the Mass Killings and Detainments
This paragraph paints a grim picture of the brutal aftermath of the anti-communist purge. It details the horrifying methods of execution, from people being kidnapped and killed to mass detainments where torture and execution were common. Bodies were dumped in rivers and mass graves. It also sheds light on the various perpetrators of these atrocities, including soldiers, civilians, and religious leaders. Some participated out of fear for their own lives, while others were caught up in propaganda-fueled violence. The tragic legacy of these killings is still felt today.
📜 Acknowledging the Past but Still No Justice
The final paragraph focuses on the current state of the historical reckoning for these events. Despite President Jokowi's acknowledgment of past human rights violations, justice remains elusive. Victims’ families are still searching for closure, with many people exiled abroad unable to return. The passage ends with a powerful reflection on the importance of confronting the darker chapters of history, emphasizing that only by acknowledging the past can a nation truly grow and avoid repeating the mistakes of history.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Mass graves
💡1965-66 human rights violations
💡PKI (Indonesian Communist Party)
💡Lubang Buaya
💡Soekarno
💡Suharto
💡New Order
💡Cold War
💡Anti-communist propaganda
💡Historical reconciliation
Highlights
A mysterious discovery in a forest: circular stones surrounding strange trees, leading to mass graves beneath the ground.
Mass graves in Indonesia remain a taboo subject, despite many being spread across various locations.
In 2023, President Jokowi acknowledged severe human rights violations from 1965-1966.
An estimated 1 million Indonesians disappeared during this period, with many believed to be supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
Families affected by the tragedy suffered greatly, including detention without evidence, torture, and social exclusion.
The narrative blames PKI for orchestrating the events of the 1965 Lubang Buaya massacre, but this is debated among experts.
Suspicions persist about other potential perpetrators, including the military, Soekarno, or even Soeharto.
Newly declassified U.S. intelligence suggests America played a role in supporting the anti-communist purges in Indonesia.
Despite conflicting narratives, PKI was officially banned, and many of its members were executed or disappeared.
Soeharto rose to power after PKI's downfall, leading Indonesia into the New Order era, characterized by military involvement in politics.
PKI had significant grassroots support, having fought against colonial powers and improved education and literacy rates.
However, they were also connected with violent land redistribution movements, complicating their legacy.
Many Indonesians, accused of PKI ties, faced brutal executions, including mass shootings and beheadings.
Even now, the descendants of PKI supporters continue to face social stigma and exclusion across generations.
The tragedy remains one of the largest mass killings in Indonesia's history, with rivers and beaches stained with blood.
Transcripts
bayangin suatu hari kalian lagi tersesat
di sebuah hutan dan nyari jalan keluar
tiba-tiba kalian nemu sebuah pohon aneh
di sekelilingnya ada batu-batu yang
melingkar dan Enggak cuma satu ternyata
ada banyak pohon kayak gitu di dalam
hutan tanpa kalian sadari Sebenarnya
kalian lagi jalan di atas lubang-lubang
yang berisi puluhan bahkan ratusan mayat
ya kuburan
masal nyatanya ini bukan cuma
angan-angan semata gilanya ada banyak
kuburan masal yang tersebar di berbagai
lokasi di Indonesia semua ini masih jadi
misteri bahkan tabu yang enggak boleh
diomongin kita bahkan mungkin enggak
tahu lokasi tepat dari kuburan-kburan
massal itu bahkan bisa jadi kuburan
massal ada di bawah kaki kita sekarang
[Musik]
tahun lalu Presiden Jokowi ngeluarin
keputusan yang salah satunya ngakuin
adanya pelanggaran HAM berat tahun
1965 sampai
1966 di tahun itu diperkirakan hingga 1
juta warga Indonesia hilang ya 1 juta
orang angka yang bisa menuhin 13 stadiun
GBK ada yang mati dibunuh ada juga yang
entah mendingan atau lebih ngeri ngilang
tanpa jejak tragedi ini nimpa semua
orang tanpa pandang bulu apapun latar
belakang mereka Ibu kehilangan anak
suami kehilangan istri dan anak
kehilangan orang tua cuma satu yang sama
semua yang hilang adalah mereka yang
dianggap mendukung PKI ya Partai Komunis
Indonesia Salah satu partai terbesar di
Indonesia saat itu yang percaya kalau
kekayaan dan sumber daya harus dibagiin
ke semua orang dengan lebih merata
enggak hanya itu 1,eng juta orang juga
pernah ditahan paksa tanpa bukti
alasannya masih sama dianggap mendukung
PKI enggak jarang penahanan paksa itu
juga termasuk penyiksaan dampak dari
capek ini juga dirasakan keluarga korban
banyak yang ikut di interogasi di
rundung dan dikucilin diasingin ke
tempat antah-berantah dicari dan diancam
sampai harus kabur ke negara lain
dilanggar haknya untuk pulang ke
Indonesia bahkan dibikin jadi susah buat
keterima kerja di pemerintahan dan ini
semua masih dirasain sama keturunan
mereka lintas generasi
Oke semua kejadian ini berujung ke satu
pertanyaan besar kenapa kenapa mendukung
partai ini bisa sampai bikin nyawa
melayang
[Musik]
biar benar-benar paham kita harus mundur
dulu ke Kejadian ini tragedi pembantaian
Lubang Buaya enam orang Jenderal dan
seorang perwira TNI Angkatan Darat
diculik dibunuh dan dibuang ke lubang
ini menurut peneliti satu ini banyak
pihak yang langsung nuduh PKI sebagai
dalang dari kejadian ngeri ini buat
ngambil alih pemerintahan meski belum
ada bukti yang jelas tuduhan ini nyebar
ke masyarakat yang makin panik Apalagi
setelah kehilangan petinggi-petinggi
tni-nya situasi makin Kacau timbul demo
beruntun dan di salah satu demo diduga
ada penyusup yang ikut ngepung Istana
Presiden Soekarno pun panik dan langsung
angkat kaki ke Bogor tapi di sana dia
didatangin sama tiga Jenderal Angkatan
Darat banyak ahli memperkirakan mereka
bikin Soekarno nandatanganin surat
paling misterius di sejarah negara kita
super Semar sampai sekarang Ada dugaan
kalau isi surat aslinya bisa jadi
berbeda sama yang tercatat sejarah yang
jelas saat itu Soeharto jadi punya
kewenangan untuk ngelakuin
tindakan-tindakan demi bikin kondisi
jadi lebih damai Pak Harto yang waktu
itu masih Jenderal TNI angkatan darat
langsung bertindak cepat setelah ngambil
alih komando militer dia ngelarang dan
ngebubarin PKI
nangkepin tokoh-tokoh pentingnya selalu
nekenin kalau PKI adalah dalang dari
trag di Lubang Buaya dan ujungnya bikin
pengaruh PKI di Indonesia melemah
Soeharto lalu mulai nyingkirin pengaruh
Soekarno dia ngambil kendali media
danorong militer terlibat dalam politik
dan pemerintahan pada akhirnya Sang
Jenderal yang penuh senyuman pun menggan
sanglamator
tewas PKI porak pororanda Soekarno
Lengser soarto naik tahta dan Indonesia
memasuki era orde baru ini semua bisa
terjadi berdasarkan satu anggapan bahwa
PKI lah pelaku Gerakan 30 September tapi
sebenarnya ada banyak juga dugaan
tersangka lain mulai dari TNI Angkatan
Darat Soekarno atau bahkan soharto
sendiri namun perlahan-lahan faktanya
mulai terang tahun segini rahsia
intelijen Amerika dibuka buat publik dan
di dalamnya ada informasi yang bilang
kalau ternyata salah satu pelaku utama
di balik semua ini adalah Amerika saat
itu mereka lagi perang dingin dan
ngerasa kekuasaan PKI di Indonesia
terlalu besar Amerika enggak pengin
Indonesia jadi negara komunis dan
ngedukung tragedi ini mereka sampai
tercatat ngirim bantuan dana dan senjata
buat tentara Indonesia tapi dari
banyaknya dugaan yang ada Kebanyakan
orang masih cuma tahu satu skenario yang
misiin PKI sebagai tersangka kenapa
Mungkin karena selama 32 tahun
kekuasaannya Soeharto terus menempatkan
PKI di jurang paling gelap yang tak bisa
dijangkau
[Musik]
sering dianggap pengkhianat bangsa yang
dipengaruhi kekuatan asing ini enggak
sepenuhnya salah karena kata Soekarno
mereka Emang pernah pengen ngegulingin
pemerintah Indonesia terus mereka juga
emang berhubungan sama partai-partai
komunis luar negeri termasuk yang ada di
Rusia dan Cina lalu misi mereka untuk
ngebagiin lahan pun sering kali berakhir
dengan kekerasan Tapi tentu aja semua
ini enggak sesederhana itu juga mungkin
Kalian juga pernah ngerasa Semakin
banyak kita belajar berpikir dan tumbuh
di asa makin kelihatan kalau dunia itu
enggak pernah sehitam putih itu mungkin
termasuk PKI yang hingga kini namanya
itu masih tabu semua cerita ngeri yang
tersebar mungkin nguburin ingatan kita
kalau sebenarnya PKI dari dulu juga
banyak keembantu masyarakat mereka
pernah ngelawan balik menjajah Belanda
di beberapa daerah di Jawa dan Sumatera
terus beberapa ahli juga bilang kalau
pemberontakan di Madiun tadi bukan upaya
PKI ngambil alih pemerintahan Selain itu
mereka juga nyatuin banyak gerakan yang
yang pengin bikin Indonesia merdeka
mereka juga banyak bergerak di bidang
edukasi banyak program PKI yang bikin
anak-anak miskin di desa jadi lebih
berpendidikan angka buta huruf jadi
menurun dan enggak hanya itu PKI juga
bikin berbagai macam karya sastra teater
dan seni berkembang pesat terutama yang
temanya keadilan dan anti penjajahan ya
jadi dunia seringkiali penuh keabu-abuan
tapi di Indonesia mereka yang dilabelin
merah Pernah Dinilai lebih buruk dari
penjahat dan apa yang terjadi setelahnya
adalah salah satu pembantaian terbesar
yang pernah dialami negara
[Musik]
kita setelah orang yang dicap sebagai
anggota PKI ditargetin menurut berbagai
sumber ada beberapa skenario penangkapan
mereka bisa tiba-tiba dibekap dan
matanya ditutup pas lagi jalan
malam-malam
terus begitu sadar mereka sudah ada di
sebuah pulau yang jauhnya ratusan kilo
dari rumah atau bisa juga rumah-rumah
mereka tiba-tiba didatangin terus mereka
diseret masuk ke truk bareng ratusan
orang lain dan disekap di penjara atau
ketika lagi ada cara kumpul-kumpul
mereka tiba-tiba digerebek dan ditangkap
di dalam penjara penyiksaan udah jadi
makanan sehari-hari dan kalau penjaranya
sudahudah Penuh semua orang di dalamnya
ditembak pakai senapan mesin atau
ditebas lehernya atau bisa juga ditusuk
dadanya mayat-mayatnya lalu dibuang ke
dalam sumur-sumur di sekitar
penjara semua orang atau kelompok yang
dicurigain ada hubungannya sama PKI
dibabat habis sekolah dibakar toko
dijarah perempuan dan anak kecil
dilecehin beberapa ada yang nasibnya
lebih dalam tanda kutip beruntung karena
cuma diteror dan disiksa termasuk mereka
yang lagi kuliah di luar negeri Ya
mungkin mereka masih bisa hidup tapi
selalu ngerasa keselamatannya itu
terancam kejadian-kejadian kayak ginilah
yang enggak cuma dialamin sekali dua
kali sama orang-orang Indonesia tapi
terus-terusan sampai tahun berikutnya
sungai-sungai dihiasi mayat dan di
pantai ombak menyapu bekas darah jejak
pembantaian ini juga terlihat di data
sensus penduduk waktu itu ada peneliti
yang bikin proyeksi penurunan jumlah
penduduk di beberapa daerah Indonesia
gara-gara adanya pembantaian dan
ternyata pelaku pembantaian orang-orang
tertuduh PKI ini beragam ada tentara
warga biasa bahkan Santri dan ulama
alasan keterlibatannya beda-beda
Sebagian ada yang termakan propaganda
sebagian enggak punya pilihan karena
kalau enggak mau terlibat merekalah yang
diancam untuk
[Musik]
dibunuh tapi tadi kita udah tahu
Presiden Jokowi udah ngakuin adanya
pelanggaran HAM berat di tahun 1965
sampai
1966 tapi mengakuan itu belum kunjung
mbawa kasus ini ke titik terang mereka
yang kehilangan kerabat dan sahabat
masih belum dapat kabar yang jelas dan
mereka yang terusir ke negara lain juga
banyak yang belum bisa pulang sampai
saat ini belum ada pula kejelasan soal
pelakunya sejarah negara kita yang
panjang dan penuh perjuangan mungkin
enggak selalu penuh kejayaan tapi
mengakui Setiap jejak dalam sejarah
Negara kita baik yang mulia maupun
tragedi mencekam adalah tahap pertama
untuk kita bisa jadi bangsa yang lebih
dewasa tanpa pengakuan akan sejarah kita
enggak akan pernah bisa belajar dan maju
ke depan tanpa keberanian melihat ke
belakang kita enggak akan pernah bisa
melangkah dengan benar kayak kata filsuf
satu ini mereka yang ggak bisa mengihat
sejarah terkutuk buat
mengulanginya kata orang sejarah selalu
ditulis sama pemenang dan karenanya demi
kepentingan sang pemenang banyak kisah
diubah fakta ditutup-tutupi dan suara
dibungkam tapi justru di sinilah Peran
kita sebagai pembelajar dibutuhkan untuk
mendengar mereka yang terlupakan
mempertanyakan hal-hal yang selama ini
diyakini tanpa ragu dan terus bertanya
demi lebih dekat pada kebenaran dan
seperti biasa terima kasih
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