UUD 1945: Dasar Konstitusional dan Pilar Demokrasi Indonesia

Summary

This video discusses the history and development of Indonesia's constitution, the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945), which has gone through several periods and amendments. It explains the key phases, including the original 1945 Constitution, the 1949 Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, and the 1950 Provisional Constitution. The speaker emphasizes the amendments made to the 1945 Constitution after the reform era, highlighting its role in Indonesia’s governance structure, including its presidential system, democratic principles, and the establishment of the republic as a unitary state.

Takeaways

• 📜 The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia (UUD 1945) is a fundamental legal document that serves as the foundation for the country’s governance.
• 🛠️ Indonesia has experienced four distinct constitutional periods, with three different constitutions over time.
• 📅 The first period (1945-1949) utilized the original UUD 1945, consisting of a preamble, a body with 16 chapters and 37 articles, transitional provisions, and additional rules.
• 🇮🇩 The second period (1949-1950) used the Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), which contained 197 articles across several chapters.
• 📖 The third period (1950-1959) was governed by the Provisional Constitution of 1950, which outlined a system based on parliamentary governance with 146 articles.
• 📜 Since 1959, Indonesia has returned to the 1945 Constitution following the President’s Decree on July 5, 1959, dissolving the Constituent Assembly and reinstating UUD 1945.
• ⚖️ The 1945 Constitution has undergone four amendments from 1999 to 2002, adapting to societal and political changes post-reform.
• 🖋️ Key constitutional changes over time include replacing the term ‘basic law’ with ‘constitution,’ revising terminology in the preamble, and adding provisions for constitutional amendments.
• 🔄 The Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959, also reinstated UUD 1945, dissolved the Constituent Assembly, and established new legislative bodies (MPRS and DPAS).
• 🏛️ The current political system in Indonesia is based on a presidential system, as outlined in the Constitution, with democracy positioning the people as sovereign.

Q & A

What is the main subject of the video script?

The video discusses the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945) and its historical significance, changes, and amendments over time.

Why is a constitution important for a country?

A constitution is essential for a country because it defines the legal framework, principles, and rules by which the country is governed, ensuring it operates as a sovereign, independent nation.

How many versions of constitutions have been used in Indonesia?

Indonesia has used three different constitutions across four distinct periods of governance.

What was the first constitution of Indonesia, and when was it implemented?

The first constitution was the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945), implemented on August 18, 1945.

What is the structure of the 1945 Constitution in its original form?

The original 1945 Constitution consists of a preamble, a body with 16 chapters and 37 articles, 4 transitional rules, and 2 supplementary clauses. An important element was its explanation section, which was later amended.

What was the second constitution used in Indonesia, and how did it differ from the first?

The second constitution was the 1949 Constitution of the United States of Indonesia (Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Serikat), which shifted the country’s governance structure to a federal state with 197 articles.

When did Indonesia return to a unitary state, and which constitution was used?

Indonesia returned to a unitary state on August 17, 1950, with the implementation of the Temporary Constitution of 1950 (Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara).

What major event in 1959 influenced Indonesia's return to the 1945 Constitution?

The major event was President Soekarno's Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, which dissolved the Constituent Assembly and reinstated the 1945 Constitution after the failure to draft a new permanent constitution.

How many amendments have been made to the 1945 Constitution, and when did they occur?

The 1945 Constitution has been amended four times: in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002.

What are some key principles retained in the 1945 Constitution after the amendments?

Key principles retained include Indonesia being a unitary republic, the presidential system of government, and democratic political principles with sovereignty in the hands of the people.