Indian Ancient Music and Dance Part 1b
Summary
TLDRThis lecture by Assistant Professor Shruti Karney explores ancient Indian music and dance, focusing on the role of musical instruments, including string, wind, and percussion types. The discussion delves into the spiritual significance of music and dance across various religions and practices like Bhajans, Sufi music, and yoga. It also highlights how music aids meditation, emotional balance, and mental health. Additionally, it touches on the societal role of music, its impact on education and personal development, and contemporary fusion styles, while acknowledging the struggles faced by modern artists.
Takeaways
- 🎶 The importance of musical instruments in Indian music is categorized into melodic expression (Raga), rhythmic foundation (Tala), and harmonic support (Shruti).
- 🎻 String instruments (Chordophones) like the sitar, veena, and sarangi play a key role in Indian music.
- 🎷 Wind instruments (Aerophones) such as the flute, clarinet, and saxophone are used in various styles, including classical, folk, and contemporary music.
- 🥁 Percussion instruments, divided into pitched (xylophone, kettle drums) and unpitched (snare drum, cymbals), produce sound when struck, shaken, or scraped.
- 🕊️ Instruments are essential in classical music, contributing to the expression of emotion, thematic development, and storytelling.
- 📜 Changes and advancements in musical instruments occur over time to meet the evolving needs of composers and musicians.
- 🕉️ Music and dance play a spiritual role across various religions, including Hinduism, Christianity, and Sufism, and are integral to prayers and meditation.
- 🧘♀️ In meditation, music facilitates relaxation, emotional healing, and deeper meditative practices, often enhanced by mantras and chanting.
- 💃 Dance, as a form of meditation, integrates physical movement with mental and emotional focus, aiding in mindfulness and personal growth.
- 🌍 Music and dance in society serve to celebrate milestones, foster communication, express emotions, and play a role in education, personal development, and cultural awareness.
Q & A
What is the role of musical instruments in Indian music?
-Musical instruments in Indian music play a vital role in melodic expressions, rhythmic foundation, harmonic support, and drone. These are known as Raga, Tala, and Shruti in Marathi.
What are some examples of string instruments mentioned in the transcript?
-The string instruments mentioned include the sitar, veena, sarod, sarangi, and tanpura (tambora in Marathi).
What are wind instruments, and which examples were provided?
-Wind instruments, also known as aerophones, are used in classical, folk, devotional, and contemporary styles. Examples include the flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone.
What distinguishes pitched percussion instruments from unpitched ones?
-Pitched percussion instruments, like the xylophone and marimba, produce specific musical pitches. Unpitched percussion instruments, such as the snare drum and bongo drums, do not produce a definite pitch.
How have musical instruments evolved over time?
-Musical instruments have evolved to meet the changing needs of composers and musicians, with advancements aimed at improving quality, playability, and adaptability for modern music.
How does music and dance play a role in spirituality across different religions?
-Music and dance are integral to spirituality in many religions, such as bhajans and kirtans in Hinduism, hymns in Christianity, and Sufi music in Islam. These forms of music express devotion and spiritual connection.
What is the significance of mantras in music and meditation?
-Mantras are powerful tools in music and meditation, influencing both the mind and body through vibrational energy. They help in focusing the mind, reducing stress, and improving emotional balance.
What is 'Rasa,' and why is it important in dance?
-Rasa refers to the emotional essence or flavor of a dance, essential for conveying emotions and deepening the audience's connection to the performance.
How does music and dance impact mental health?
-Music and dance positively impact mental health by reducing stress, improving mood, aiding in cognitive development, and fostering social connections and mindfulness.
What challenges do contemporary artists face in the music and dance industries?
-Contemporary artists face challenges such as financial insecurity, lack of recognition, mental health struggles, and balancing artistic expression with market demands.
Outlines
🎶 Introduction to Musical Instruments
The speaker, Shuti Karney, an assistant professor at Dr. DY Patil College in Pune, introduces the sixth topic of the course—musical instruments. Various types of instruments are discussed, including string, wind, and percussion instruments. The importance of these instruments in Indian music is emphasized, including their roles in melodic expression (Raga), rhythmic foundation (Tala), and harmonic support (Shruti). Different instruments such as the sitar, flute, xylophone, and drums are introduced with brief explanations of their functions and types.
🎵 Spirituality in Music and Dance
The seventh topic covers the role of music and dance in spirituality. The speaker highlights how different religions, including Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam, use music and dance as forms of devotion and prayer. Examples include bhajans, chants, and Sufi music. The connection between sound, vibrations, and consciousness is explained, particularly through the concept of Nada Yoga, which links music to spiritual practices. Devotional songs and their impact on emotions and spiritual connection are discussed, focusing on various cultural and religious contexts.
🧘♀️ Music and Dance in Meditation
The eighth topic explores the connection between music, dance, and meditation. Music is described as an important tool for facilitating relaxation, deepening emotional experiences, and guiding meditation practices. Mantras are introduced as powerful tools in both music and meditation, with their Sanskrit roots explained. Chanting is also discussed as a method to reduce stress, improve emotional balance, and enhance concentration. The concept of 'rasa,' or emotional essence, in dance is highlighted, along with the role of dance as a form of meditation.
💃 Music, Dance, and Society
This section examines the role of music and dance in society, including their significance in social ceremonies, rituals, and personal development. The impact on education and physical, emotional, and cognitive development is discussed. Music and dance also play a crucial role in fostering cultural awareness, confidence, creativity, and problem-solving skills. The speaker discusses the mental health benefits of music, such as stress reduction and mood improvement, and emphasizes how music and dance shape popular culture and Bollywood, influencing entertainment, social media, and cross-cultural exchanges.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Raga
💡Tala
💡Shruti
💡String Instruments
💡Wind Instruments
💡Percussion Instruments
💡Bhajans
💡Sufi Music
💡Nad Yoga
💡Mantras
Highlights
Introduction to ancient music and dance with an overview of five topics already covered.
Discussion of the sixth topic: Musical Instruments, their role in Indian music, and classifications like string, wind, and percussion instruments.
The importance of instruments in Indian music for melodic expression (Raga), rhythmic foundation (Tala), and harmonic support (Shruti).
Detailed explanation of string instruments (Chordophones) like sitar, veena, sarod, sarangi, and tanpura.
Overview of wind instruments (Aerophones) such as flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone, used across various music styles.
Percussion instruments are introduced, including the classification into pitched (e.g., xylophone, marimba) and unpitched instruments (e.g., snare drum, bongo drums).
Role of instruments in classical music, emphasizing their importance for emotional expression, storytelling, and thematic development.
Advancements in musical instruments over time to meet the evolving needs of composers and musicians, enhancing playability and sound quality.
Introduction to the role of music and dance in spirituality, with examples from Hinduism, Christianity, Sufism, and Buddhism.
Explanation of the concept of 'Nad Yoga' (Yoga of Sound), where every sound creates vibrations that affect consciousness, emotions, and physical states.
The significance of mantras in meditation and music, emphasizing their vibrational power and role in emotional and mental focus.
Discussion on the role of music and dance in society, especially in social ceremonies, fostering emotional expression and ritual practices.
The impact of music and dance on education and personal development, including cognitive growth, emotional regulation, and cultural awareness.
Exploration of the impact of music on mental health, highlighting stress reduction, mood improvement, and therapeutic uses.
Introduction to fusion styles in music and dance, including jazz, hip-hop, classical, and Bollywood fusion, creating new forms of artistic expression.
Transcripts
[Music]
my dear students myself shuti karney
assistant professor in Dr Dy patil Arts
Commerce and science College pimpi Pune
so already we have learned the five
topics which is related to the ancient
music and dance so today we will start
from the topic number number six that is
the musical instruments so there are so
many music instruments are available
according to the type of music and type
of dance so some music instruments are
listed here so the importance of
instruments in Indian music that is for
melodic Expressions which is called as
Raga then rhythmic Foundation which is
called as the tala and for the harmonic
support and the Drone which is called as
shuti in marati so there are different
types of instruments are available like
string instruments wind instruments then
prehistorical instruments then we will
start from the string instruments which
is also called as the cord phones so the
string instruments include sitar sod
Vina sanur sarangi and the tanpura which
is called as Tambora in marati so this
is the list of some string instruments
which is used in different types of
musics then next one is the wind
instruments which is called as the AO
phones so wind instruments which is
related to the aerop phones so which is
used for including classical folk
devotional and contemporary Styles so
some examples are listed here so the
flute clarinet oboi bassoon and the
saxophone these are the wind instruments
which is used for the different
different music and dance styles then
next one it is the percusion instruments
very interesting topic and new for all
of us so percusion instruments which is
used for produce sound when they are
struck shaken or scrapped so they will
produce the sound when you can Struck it
when you can shake it or when you can
scrap it so it will produce the
different types of sounds so the
well-known examples of this are included
with their types so there are two types
of included that is peached instruments
and un peached instruments so first we
will start from the peached instruments
so the examples of peach instruments are
xylophone marimba then next one vione
and Tani which is also called as the
kettle drums so this is the examples of
percu instruments which are the peached
instruments then next one that is the UN
peached percu instruments so the
well-known examples are snare drum bass
drum symbols triangle and bongo drums so
these are the examples of uned percusion
instruments so their role is listed here
then next one it is the role of
instruments in a classical music without
instruments classical music is
incomplete so there are different
different roles are listed so we will
see someone that is expression of
emotion and the character so you have to
express something or you have to publish
some characters so you need the
instruments there and also development
of Melody and Harmony also also it is
used for storytelling and thematic
development also that's why instruments
play a very vital role in a music and
basically in a classical music next one
it is the changes and advancements in a
instruments over time so there are
different types of changes and
developments are done with the help of
periods why it is done so advancements
needs to adapt the different types of
need of composers and musicians because
composers and musicians need Advanced
instruments according to that we have to
change and make advancements in
instruments for better quality better
playability and improve their quality we
need to do the changes and advancements
in instruments over a time also the next
one it is the topic number seven that is
the role of music and dance in
spirituality so as we all know we have
the B and sadh towards the god which is
related to the spirituality and which we
can do with the help of Music and Dance
also so the introduction to the music
and spirituality so it is basically
related to the hymns of Christian itri
then next one it is the bhajans from
Hinduism zikar CHS from the Sufi musics
and contemplative rhythms from the
Buddhism so all have their different
different forms of prayer with the help
of music and dance so they are listed
here in the topic number seven that is
role of music and dance in a
spirituality then next one it is the
music in Hinduism and other religions so
different different communities develop
their music and dance with the help of
their prayers and spirituality so the
some examples are bajans and krans in
Hinduism also the Vic CHS in Hinduism
next one it is the hints and the slams
in a Christian Community then Nashid and
kalies in a Muslim Community also it is
related to the Sufi music and Chun which
can develop their prayers with the help
of Music which is related to the
different different region
so this is about the music in Hinduism
and different
religions then next one it is the NAD
yoga The Yoga of sound so as we all know
meditation and yoga which is very
important for the our nourishment and
our fulfillment so according to this
philosophy every sound creates a
vibration remember that every sound
creates a vibration and which vibration
can affect our Consciousness our
emotions and physical States also that's
why music is also very important when
you are doing any type of yoga or when
you are doing the any type of meditation
so it will help you for soul your mind
and also fulfillment of your emotions
also then next one it is the bajans and
krans which is also called as the
devotional songs so we can say it as a
one type of prayer for the bti and sadh
towards the god which will be done with
the help of Bhajan and K so it is
includes a praise prayers stories and
about different different divines also
then next one it is the Kiran so Kiran
is experience of worship with the help
of music so with the help of music you
can do the Bajan you can do the Kon
which is related to the devotional songs
then next one it is the Sufi music which
is also one type of sadhana or biti
towards the god which is part to the
Divine love Okay so which is related to
the dimension of Islam they pray with
the help of dance and music with the
help of this Sufi music then dance as a
spiritual practice so we use dance as a
spiritual practice for our inner
fulfillment to control our emotions and
so many things there are so expression
of the Divine we use dance then next one
it is the meditative and transformative
dance also which is for cultural and
symbiotic significance also so dance
also play a very important role in a
spiritual practices with the help of the
Sufi music or the Sufi movements then
next one it is the topic number eight
that is music and dance in a meditation
so already I have told you that the
meditation or the yoga with the help of
music is very important for our
fulfillness and for our mood freshness
okay so we will see the music and dance
in a meditation so introduction to the
music and meditation so why music music
is used in a meditation which is very
important so we will see that for
felicitating the relaxation so when we
hear the different types of music our
mood swings or the mood gate relaxes
that's why we use the meditation for
music the next one it is the deeping
emotional experience so for emotional
experience we also use the meditation
with the help of Music also then next
one for guiding the meditation practices
so meditation practices we have to run
with the help of this music music and
with the help of this meditation and
yoga the mantras are very important to
play the any type of music or any type
of dance so first of all we will see the
power of mantras so mantras it is the
Sanskrit word which is Manus related to
the mind and next one is the tra which
is the instrument or the tool so it is
related to the music and the instruments
which show a very great power in a music
and dance also which have a vibrational
power also which have a focus inions
also that's why the mantras are very
important in music and dance also so
this is about the power of mantras and
the dance in meditation why it is used
basically so this is then next one it is
the chanting and its effect on mind and
body so enhanced focus and for the
concentration we use anytime the for
focus and concentration different types
of music different types of instruments
to fulfill our mind with a fresh mood
also the next one is a reduce stress and
anxy so nowadays so many peoples are
doing their stress and anxxiety to get
relaxation we use different types of
chunts music and dance forms for
relaxation also improved emotional
balance which is very important when you
are doing any type of work when you are
doing study so to improve your emotional
balance there is importance of chanting
in a music and dance also then next one
it is the concept of rasa so what is
mean by rasa so rasa is called as the
emotional Essence in a dance that is
called as the rasa so emotional Essence
so when you are performing any type of
dance or any type of music rasa is very
important that is the emotional essense
of your dance so let's move ahead that
is the dance as a form of meditation so
it is integrates the physical movement
of dance also with the mental and
emotional practices of our Med
meditation so meditation with the help
of dance is also very important for our
fulfillment then next one it is the
Contemporary practices so this is the
one type of dance form that is the
Contemporary practices which is
integrates the MS with mindfulness also
emotional healing also for our
fulfillment and personal growth that's
why the Contemporary practices are also
very important and which will also
helpful for the selfawareness because
there is so many physical directions are
there that's why contemporary practices
are also very important then topic
number nine that is the role of music
and dance in a society so if you are
celebrating any type of function if you
are celebrating any ritual so there is a
need of Music and Dance also so the role
of Music in dance and Society what is it
so music and dance in a social
ceremonies play that is celebrate and
mark the Milestones which is for our
enjoyment then Foster communic bonding
also express emotions of the that dance
and music and last one it is the guide
the different types of rituals that's
why the music play a very important role
in a music and dance related to the
society then next it is the role in
education and personal development so
what is the role of music and dance in a
personal development so it will help you
for cognitive development also emotional
expression and regulation so it is very
important for emotional expression with
the help of music and with the help of
dance also then next one it is also
helpful for the physical development so
with the help of different different D
Dance forms you can improve your
physical development also then next one
it is helpful for cultural awareness so
according to the culture Community it is
discovered in a region different by
community so it is helpful for the
cultural awareness also then next one it
is the confidence and self assessment
also so with the stage daring you can do
this also that is the confidence and
self assessment also then last it is the
creativity and problem solving so with
the help of dance and music you can do
this also that is creativity and the
problem solving that's why the music and
dance play a very important role in
education and the personal
development then next one it is the
impact on a mental health so music play
a very important uh role in a balancing
your mental health by playing a
different types of song different types
of musics and so on so the impact of
mental health that is the stress
reduction which is very important by
playing the different types of music and
songs you can manage your stress and
stress reduction also then which is also
important for your mood Improvement then
next one it is the cognitive benefits it
will also provide to you for a social
connection for therapetic uses also and
for for mindfulness and relaxation so
impact on a mental health is very
important with the help of music and
with the help of dance okay let's move
ahead that is the influence on popular
culture and Bollywood so first we will
see about the popular culture so it is
useful for the entertainment it is
useful for the social media it is useful
for the advertisement and branding also
which is for the popularity basically
and also crosscultural exchanges also so
it influen the popular culture with the
help of entertainment advertisement and
branding this is about the popular
culture then next one it is the
Bollywood so with related to the
Bollywood it is for the storytelling it
is for the cultural representation it is
for the star power then it is for the
fan management and last one it is for
the economic impact so basically music
is also and dance is also related to the
employment and economic develop vment of
our country so this is about the popular
and Bollywood then next one it is the
Contemporary Fusion Styles so Music
Fusion styles are different different so
World Music Fusion jazz music Fusion
hipop Music Fusion and classical Fusion
then rage Fusion so many dance forms are
mixed together to create the fusion
that's why there are different different
forms are created like jazz fusion World
Music Fusion rage Fusion hip hop fusion
with the classical music then next one
it is the Dance Fusion Styles so there
are hip-hop fusion bollyw fusion Latin
Fusion so many dance forms are mixed
together to create a new form so this is
related to The Music Fusion Styles and
Dance Fusion Styles then next one it is
the status and struggles of artists so
nowadays we are seeing that the artist
are doing very hard struggle why they
are doing very hard struggle so so many
points are listed here so see that is
the financial insecurity the next one
lack of recognition also the mental
health market demand which is very
important market demand is very
important when you are performing any
type of dance or any type of music also
balancing art and commerce with each
other so there is a balance also
important your mental health also
important and lack of recognition which
will do the helping your status of
struggles of the art artist nowadays so
this is about the status of your
struggles in artists then next one we
have done with this our 10 topics which
is related to the ancient Indian music
and dance so thank you my dear students
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