Budidaya Jambu Mete (Cashew Tree) untuk Pemula dari Nol Hingga Panen

Summary

This video explores the origins, cultivation, and processing of cashew apples and cashew nuts. Originating in Southeast Brazil, the cashew tree was spread by Portuguese sailors and is now grown in tropical regions. The video provides detailed instructions on cultivating cashew trees, including soil preparation, planting techniques, and ideal growing conditions. It also discusses harvesting methods and the stages of processing cashew nuts, from drying and shelling to sorting. With its high economic value, cashew cultivation presents a promising business opportunity. The video concludes by encouraging viewers to support the channel.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Cashew trees (jambu mete) originated in Southeast Brazil and were brought to India by Portuguese sailors 400 years ago, spreading to tropical and subtropical regions.
• 🍎 Cashew trees come in various varieties, with different colors like white, red, yellow, pink, and green.
• 📈 Cashew trees are an important export commodity, with many parts of the tree, including roots, stems, leaves, and fruit, being useful.
• 🥜 Cashew nuts are rich in oil, have a unique flavor, and are high in quality protein, making them a highly nutritious food.
• 🌞 Cashew trees grow well in both high and low altitudes, needing sunlight and well-drained, sandy soil to thrive, with optimal temperatures of 15-35°C.
• 💧 The ideal environment for cashew trees includes 1,500-2,000 mm of annual rainfall and humidity levels of 60-80%. They are also drought-tolerant but require sunlight for productivity.
• 👩‍🌾 Cashew cultivation involves preparing the soil, using organic fertilizer, and planting seedlings, either from seeds or through vegetative propagation methods like grafting.
• 🌿 Cashew trees are harvested after 3-4 years, with ripe fruits showing specific color changes depending on the variety, and nuts are ready for collection.
• 🔧 Cashew nut processing involves drying, peeling, roasting, and grading, using tools like a nut cracker (kacip) to remove shells.
• 🛠 Cashew shells can be used as firewood due to their high resin content, adding value to the otherwise discarded part of the nut.

Q & A

What is the origin of cashew (jambu mete)?

Cashew (jambu mete) originates from southeastern Brazil and was introduced to India by Portuguese sailors about 400 years ago.

How many varieties of cashew are there, and what are some common colors of its fruit?

There are numerous varieties of cashew, with colors ranging from white, red, yellow, pink, greenish-yellow, and green.

Why is cashew considered a valuable export commodity?

Cashew is valuable because almost all parts of the plant are useful, including its roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. The nut, which is highly nutritious, is particularly prized and often consumed after roasting.

What is the ideal climate and soil condition for growing cashew trees?

Cashew trees thrive in both lowlands and highlands at elevations between 1-1200 meters above sea level. The ideal temperature ranges from 15-35°C, with annual rainfall between 1500-2000 mm, and a humidity of 60-80%. They prefer sandy loam or light sandy soils with a pH of 5.5 to 7.3.

How should land be prepared for planting cashew trees?

Land should be open and exposed to sunlight. It should be plowed or dug before the rainy season, and drainage ditches should be created. Organic fertilizer should be applied before planting, and again during the tree’s early growth stages.

What is the process of planting cashew seeds or seedlings?

Cashew seeds can be propagated generatively through seeds or vegetatively via grafting or air layering. Seedlings are carefully planted into holes prepared in the soil, with roots undisturbed, then covered with soil and watered regularly.

When can cashew fruits be harvested, and what are the signs of readiness?

Cashew fruits can be harvested after 3-4 years of growth, or when they are 60-70 days old after flowering. Fruits are ready when their skin turns yellow, orange, or red depending on the variety, and the seed skin appears white-grey and glossy.

What are the two methods of harvesting cashew fruits?

The two harvesting methods are 'lelesan,' where mature fruits are allowed to fall naturally or by shaking the tree, and 'selective,' where mature fruits are picked directly from the tree.

What are the key stages in processing cashew nuts?

Key stages include sorting the raw cashew nuts, sun-drying, peeling, roasting, removing the testa (outer layer), sorting again, and final packaging.

What is the use of cashew nut shells after processing?

The shells of cashew nuts, which contain a lot of sap, can be used as fuel for firewood.