CHW EM - Module 4 - Emergency Mgmt Structure Video
Summary
TLDRIn this module, Jennifer Harris, a doctorate student in public health, discusses the organizational structure of emergency management, starting at the federal level and focusing on Illinois. She explains the National Response Framework (NRF), which provides scalable and flexible guidance for all types of disasters, and highlights key systems like the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS). The module covers emergency support functions, emphasizing public health, and the structure for escalating responses from local to federal levels. The session concludes by discussing Illinois' emergency response plans and partnerships with public health agencies.
Takeaways
- 📋 The module focuses on emergency preparedness and management, tailored for community health workers, emphasizing federal and Illinois structures.
- 🇺🇸 Emergency management starts at the federal level with the National Response Framework (NRF), which is scalable and adaptable for different disaster sizes.
- 🏥 ESF (Emergency Support Functions) number 8 is primarily where public health and medical services fall, involving community health workers during emergencies.
- 👨🚒 ESF numbers also cover other areas like firefighting (ESF 4) and public safety (ESF 13), indicating the variety of roles in emergencies.
- 🔄 NIMS (National Incident Management System) and ICS (Incident Command System) guide how different levels of government and organizations coordinate during emergencies.
- 🚓 The ICS structure ensures that there is always an Incident Commander to coordinate emergency responses, whether at a local or federal level.
- ⚠️ The complexity of incidents ranges from Type 5 (small, local incidents) to Type 1 (large-scale disasters requiring federal intervention).
- 🏛️ Illinois follows a similar command structure, with the Illinois Emergency Management Agency leading state efforts and potentially escalating issues to the federal level.
- 🌪️ Disasters can escalate from local to federal involvement based on scope and resources required, starting with local responders and moving upward if necessary.
- 📣 The final module will focus on crisis communication during emergencies and additional resources for further emergency management training.
Q & A
What is the National Response Framework (NRF) and its purpose?
-The National Response Framework (NRF) is a guide that helps the nation respond to all types of disasters and emergencies. It operates under an all-hazards approach and is designed to be scalable, flexible, and adaptable depending on the size and scope of the disaster.
How does the National Response Framework support local communities during emergencies?
-The NRF is designed to assist communities by integrating continuity plans for recovery and response. It helps in areas such as stabilizing community lifelines, managing supply chains, and ensuring mutual aid agreements among neighboring counties, cities, or states.
What are Emergency Support Functions (ESFs), and which one typically applies to community health workers?
-Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) are categories of resources and responsibilities used during a disaster response. Community health workers usually fall under ESF 8, which deals with Public Health and Medical Services.
What is the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and how does it relate to the NRF?
-NIMS is a guide for coordinating efforts across government, non-government, and private sectors to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond to, and recover from disasters. It works within the NRF framework to ensure a coordinated approach to disaster management.
How is the Incident Command System (ICS) structured in an emergency response?
-ICS is a standardized approach to command, control, and coordination of on-site incident management. It establishes a clear hierarchy, with an Incident Commander overseeing the response. The size of the command structure varies depending on the complexity and scale of the disaster.
What is the difference between a Type 5 and a Type 1 incident according to FEMA?
-A Type 5 incident is small in scale, with limited individuals involved and short duration, usually handled at the local level. A Type 1 incident is the most complex, involving many people and a large geographical area, requiring federal involvement and multi-jurisdictional coordination.
How does the incident command system scale depending on the size of the disaster?
-The ICS is designed to be scalable and flexible, meaning it can expand or contract depending on the size, complexity, and duration of the incident. For smaller incidents, fewer resources and personnel are required, while larger disasters require more extensive command structures and resource allocation.
How does Illinois' emergency management system operate in relation to the federal structure?
-Illinois follows a similar structure to the federal model, with local responders taking initial control of incidents. Depending on the complexity, resources from the county, state, or federal levels can be activated. The Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) leads the state's efforts, coordinating with local and federal authorities as needed.
What role does the Illinois Department of Public Health play in emergency management?
-The Illinois Department of Public Health works closely with the Illinois Emergency Management Agency, particularly in areas of public health. While it doesn't lead emergency management efforts, it provides clinical information, resources, and support, particularly in public health-related emergencies.
How does a disaster declaration process work at the state and federal levels?
-A disaster can be declared by either the state governor or the president. The governor's declaration typically addresses state-level emergencies, while the president's declaration is made for larger, federally recognized disasters, which triggers federal support and resources.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Emergency Management Structure
Jennifer Harris introduces the module on emergency management structure tailored to community health workers. She starts with the federal level, particularly the National Response Framework (NRF), which serves as a scalable, flexible guide for disaster response. This framework, combined with the National Incident Management System (NIMS), ensures that emergency response efforts can adapt to the scope of the disaster, from local incidents to large-scale emergencies.
🚑 Emergency Support Functions (ESF) Overview
Harris explains Emergency Support Functions (ESF), which categorize resources and roles during disaster responses. Community health workers typically operate under ESF #8, focusing on public health and medical services, but other ESFs may be activated based on the type of disaster (e.g., ESF #4 for firefighting). The National Response Framework assigns these functions to ensure clear responsibilities and smooth coordination.
🛠 Incident Command System and Disaster Complexity
The discussion shifts to the Incident Command System (ICS), which is a hierarchical framework for managing emergency responses. Harris explains how disaster complexity is categorized from Type 5 (small, localized events) to Type 1 (large, multi-jurisdictional events). She emphasizes that the size of the response, including resources and personnel, scales according to the incident type. ICS ensures command and control across all responders.
🏢 Incident Command Roles and Local Response
Harris delves into the role of the Incident Commander, who manages the emergency response on-site. In smaller incidents, one person may handle multiple functions, but in larger disasters, specialized roles (logistics, planning, operations) are necessary. She highlights the importance of flexible and scalable systems based on the complexity and resources required, with the Incident Commander always in charge.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡National Response Framework (NRF)
💡Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
💡Incident Command System (ICS)
💡National Incident Management System (NIMS)
💡Scalable and Flexible Response
💡Community Lifelines
💡Public Health and Medical Services (ESF-8)
💡Local First Response
💡Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
💡Incident Commander
Highlights
Introduction to Emergency Preparedness and Management tailored for community health workers, focusing on Illinois' emergency management structure.
The National Response Framework (NRF) serves as the foundation for all emergency management in the U.S., emphasizing scalability, flexibility, and adaptability.
The NRF operates on an 'all-hazards' approach, which means it can handle a wide variety of emergencies, from local incidents to large-scale disasters.
Emergency support functions (ESF) are critical in organizing response efforts. ESF #8 focuses on Public Health and Medical Services, where community health workers primarily operate.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS) guide how governments and private sectors coordinate during emergencies.
NIMS facilitates collaboration across sectors to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from incidents, aligning with the phases of emergency management.
ICS provides a hierarchical structure for command and control during emergencies, with scalability based on the complexity and type of disaster.
FEMA classifies incidents by five types, with Type 1 being the most complex, involving federal coordination and multi-jurisdictional response.
The role of the Incident Commander is pivotal in any emergency, overseeing command, control, and coordination. The position is scalable depending on the emergency.
Illinois follows the national framework with its own Emergency Operations Plan, which aligns with state and federal efforts for disaster management.
Illinois' disaster management structure involves collaboration across municipal, county, state, and federal levels, with escalation based on the scope of the disaster.
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) is responsible for leading the state's emergency efforts, partnering with other agencies like the Illinois Department of Public Health.
Community health workers are vital in emergencies, often serving as the first responders due to their local knowledge of patients and their needs.
Emergencies can escalate to state or federal levels based on available resources and needs, such as medical supplies, food, and shelter.
The next module will cover crisis communication and summarize key resources for further emergency management training.
Transcripts
hello my name is Jennifer Harris and I
am a doctorate and public health student
at the University of Nebraska Medical
Center this is the fourth module in a
series of five on emergency preparedness
and management tailored towards
community health workers so welcome back
in this module we are going to focus on
the organization structure for Emergency
Management in Illinois specifically
we're going to start and talk about the
federal level because we have to start
there before we can get to Illinois but
I would like to drill down to the
Illinois level so that that's more
um more easily understood in the complex
world of Emergency Management
so from the federal level the emergency
management structure starts with
something that is called the National
Response Framework or NRF this is a
guide that helps the nation respond to
all types of disasters in emergency so
it goes by that all hazards approach
that we've talked about in the previous
modules and it is built on what they
consider scalable flexible and adaptable
to the National Incident Management
System which is referred to as Nims we
are going to talk about Nims a little
bit more and this is alphabet soup I
apologize but that is how the world of
Emergency Management
seems to come about
so again it's just important to remember
that we have a national framework and
that National framework kind of lays the
foundation that is scalable and flexible
so depending on the size and scope of
the disaster it can be increased or
decreased and we'll talk more about this
with some examples
but then off of the National Response
Framework the NRF they actually develop
it's developed so that communities can
use it they look at integrating
continuity plans so from that recovery
and response sections what can they do
for continuation of operations whether
it's medical businesses schools churches
it builds on capabilities responding to
failures so they take a look at supply
chain can everybody get hand sanitizer
during the covid-19 pandemic for a short
while that was in short supply the
vaccines themselves masks you start
thinking about it I can remember going
to the grocery store and it was very
difficult to find bleach or Lysol so
again when there are emergencies or
disasters some supplies will quickly
become in short supply again the
National Response Framework is built to
help try and walk through these issues
from a local level for something maybe
simple all the way up to a complex level
with the Federal
and then again it's to collaborate to
stabilize the community lifelines and
restore services so like I just talked
about
um you know do we need to stockpile
anything do we need to have mutual Aid
agreements with neighboring counties or
cities or even States and so again this
whole framework is just built for States
and communities counties regions to be
able to build off of
So within the National Response
Framework I only put this up here so
that you're aware of it but they also
have something within that that
framework called emergency support
functions
and in the world of Emergency Management
you may hear this return referred to as
ESF and then a number so typically
within the world that we work with
patients and clients and Healthcare
Public Health
um you know those kinds of resources we
fall right here in ESF number eight
which is Public Health and Medical
Services
but you could easily see and I wanted to
put this up here because depending on
the scale of the disaster or emergency
there easily could be other entities in
your community that are involved that
fall under a different emergency support
function for example firefighting is
number four so if you have even a
structure fire or in a big city a large
multi-attiered building that's on fire
you're certainly going to have ESF
function number four there which is
firefighting they may even be in charge
of the incident as Incident Commander
but you can see how this all starts to
play together and again that National
Response Framework was built with these
esfs listed out so that responsibilities
and Duties are easily delineated but I
think the most important part is to
remember for the most part
um community health workers and all the
services that they're associated with
will generally fall under esf8
at times there can be esf13 as well with
Public Safety and Security you know
police force even if National Guard
needs to come in so again it just
depends on the situation but for the
most part we fall under ESF number eight
a little bit more alphabet soup and then
I promise I'll stop
um two more things off the national
framework that we just talked about
which is the national Incident
Management System or Nims and the
incident command system which is
referred to as ICS these are FEMA the
Federal Emergency Management agencies
definitions and so I've put them up here
exactly how FEMA defines them Nims is
really just a guide for all levels of
government non-government the private
sector to work together
to prevent protect against mitigate
respond to and recover from incidents so
does that sound familiar we just went
through in the previous module the
phases of Emergency Management and so
there's that mitigate respond recover so
Nims is really just the framework of how
different multiple organizations can
work together and accomplish recovering
from a disaster if it should happen now
ICS Falls underneath Nims it's the
incident command system this is the
actual structure of the hierarchy that
will happen for a response to a disaster
emergency situation it's a standardized
approach and it's really just to
establish command and control and
coordination of on-site unseen Incident
Management and on this next slide we're
going to go over both of these and I
hope the pictorials will make it a
little bit easier to understand so again
alphabet soup we've got Nims and ICS
here
so in terms of ICS or Nims what that we
were talking through
this is a really good picture and I love
it for a couple of different reasons is
broken down into five types of disasters
by complexity and type and so again FEMA
follows this a type 5 incident is one in
which there are very few individuals
involved the time or the duration of the
actual incident is very limited and most
of it can be handled at the local level
and maybe not even with all entities or
those ESF functions those emergency
service functions in a community so a
great example is a car crash two cars
crash there are no fatalities there are
no power lines taken down or water mains
broken as a result and so again police
will respond potentially Emergency
Medical Services will respond but this
is an incident that's a level type five
because it can be handled locally we
don't need to call in additional
resources be on the local level and it
can be handled even if they have to
transport somebody a patient to the
hospital little again it's a very time
limited incident that has few people
involved and can be controlled at the
local level
again this escalates up to Type 4 3 2
and 1. type 1 disaster is probably the
most complex this is when the federal
government would be involved
um you've got many many people across a
large
um geographical area that are involved
or are impacted by whatever the disaster
may be and you're going to have
multi-jurisdictional individuals coming
and Community organizations coming
together so this is where you're going
to have potentially police fire Health
Care Public Health maybe even the
Environmental Protection Agency if it is
a um a train derailment we have chemical
spill
um so again you can pick your disaster
type and the scope and you can see that
they get categorized by what type of
incident they are and that dictates how
many resources individuals and otherwise
maybe needed to respond for the incident
so that leads into the incident command
system then which is the commanded
control of that incident
every incident will have an Incident
Commander it may not be called that but
there will always be somebody in charge
so again if you think of a household
fire
the fire department responds there's
probably a chief firefighter that is in
charge of that incident so he is leading
commanding controlling calling in
additional resources if needed
um but right at that for that incident
he is in charge here she is in charge of
commanding control of the fire
now if you have multiple or a bigger
disaster situation going on maybe a
level three you may have police and fire
involved so if you have the local
shopping center is on fire
so now you've got a larger population
within the public that's being evacuated
from the shopping center
you've got chaos a little bit with
people getting hurt maybe they stampeded
or fell as they were trying to evacuate
so you're also going to have Emergency
Medical Services on standby they may be
running people to the hospital back and
forth you know take people to the
hospital come back to the incident pick
up more if need be so you're getting
multiple entities that are at the scene
of the incident and so you're going to
have an Incident Commander there's no
right or wrong answer in the situation
it could be a police in charge it could
be fire it could be EMS depending on the
size of the community and the structures
that have been set up it could be any of
them which is why it's just labeled
Incident Commander and they will make
themselves known
all of these other functions can support
within an incident command system The
Incident Commander so back to that
two-car crash most likely they are not
going to need to bring in somebody for
operations how to divert traffic around
that incident or somebody to plan how
they're going to clear the car out of
the way and get traffic moving again and
get those cars removed they're not going
to call somebody in for Logistics to say
we need a tow truck now for this person
that Incident Commander is probably
going to handle the majority of those in
those issues with that incident but
again a shopping center that's on fire
or if you think back to covid-19 again
or if you think about a tornado hitting
a community you are probably going to
need all of these functions because the
disaster the timeline again so again
when you get up here and your time is
increasing and you have more of the
public involved you may have to have
more positions filled
so this is this is what they meant by
scalable and flexible it depends on the
complexity and type of your disaster
that's occurred or emergency and What
positions need to be filled the
important thing to always remember is
there is always an Incident Commander
for emergencies and for disasters when
they occur
so bringing it home a little bit more to
Illinois this is a copy of the Illinois
Emergency Operations plan it's the base
plan within the Illinois disaster
management system and I just put this up
here so you can again see
um how it kind of flows we have the
governor's office up here the state
Emergency Operations Center
and then you can say Joint Information
Center and the in the areas underneath
them that will pull together again these
are flexible depending on what the
situation is or the incident some of
these may be filled some of these may
not be filled
this is a great picture also from the
Illinois Emergency Operations plan I
don't expect you to see all these little
words what I wanted to point out was the
flexibility of this so this is a small
incident down here so we'll type five
disaster potentially up to a type 1
disaster so very catastrophic again
maybe a tornado hitting across the
county
and this will show you all the different
entities and players that become
involved when it happens so at the
municipal level when it's about a type 1
type 2 I apologize other way
um type five it'll be at the municipal
level maybe the county level if it gets
a little bit bigger but then it goes up
to State and then ultimately Federal so
they always always defer in a disaster
or emergency situation to the local
level so that you always hear a local
first that will be again you're going to
have your local EMS fire police public
health health services those are all
going to be at the local level if they
can handle it and they have the
resources and means there is no reason
that they will go further and include
maybe County state or federal depending
on what is going on but they can always
escalate depending on scope complexity
and time again and resources that may be
needed so this just kind of Paints the
picture of how Illinois follows that
chain of command and how it can escalate
if need be
I'm going to show a video
um only video of this module but it's a
good example and it kind of walks
through from a FEMA perspective so at
the federal level how a disaster
actually gets declared at the federal
level sometimes there's lots of
confusion in communities you know
there's floods or there's droughts or
something has happened and you'll hear
the governor announce that it's a
declared disaster and then sometimes we
hear the president announce that it's a
declared disaster this quick little
video from FEMA helps to kind of walk
you through that
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
it's important to note too that in the
state of Illinois the Illinois Emergency
Management agency has been designated by
the executive branch to be responsible
for leading the efforts around Emergency
Management within the state I've just
pasted or copied a section of it so that
you can see it here on the screen but
that is the Illinois branch that is
responsible for leading our efforts and
has State Authority
similarly the Illinois Department of
Public Health has an office of
preparedness and response while they do
not have ultimate authority over leading
all of those efforts they partner very
very strongly with Illinois Emergency
Management agency and on their website I
thought it was very important to list
this website for you and this is a
screenshot of what that looks like you
can go to their website and they have a
lot of clinical information for
Emergency Medical Services or health
care providers but they also have great
resources for the public and it relates
anything from you can see and hear uh
you know laws and rules to Publications
and resources so this is another great
location that I wanted to share with you
so in summary for this module we went
through the National Response Framework
the NRF public and Health Care public
health and Health Care falls under
essential function number eight which is
typically where we will be
um we reviewed the incident command
structure how it's flexible scalable
there's always an Incident Commander in
charge of an emergency or disaster
situation and it can be a very large
incident command structure depending on
the scope and time frame and resources
and demand of the situation a more can
be very small and condensed and handled
um within a local level and even a sub
level and then we also talked about the
organizational structure and response to
emergencies again depending on the scope
and size of the disaster and the
complexity
and we've talked about how local is
always first they're usually the First
Responders they're going to be the most
knowledgeable and that's where chws fit
right in as well
um you know your clients you know your
patients you know their situations so
again you're very familiar from the
local level with what their needs are
even before a disaster situation
again if it escalates and there's more
resources needed whether it's Manpower
you know medical supplies home supplies
Food Water Shelter it can be escalated
from the regional if need be up to state
or federal level and we talk through how
a declaration of a disaster is made at
the state level as well as the federal
level
and I thank you for uh sitting through
this module on the organization
structure of Emergency Management and
specifically from the federal level down
to the local level and we have one more
module after this where we are going to
talk about
um crisis Communication in times of
these emergencies and disasters as well
as summarizing some great resources that
you can use in the future if you want to
go further with your Emergency
Management training thank you
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