CHW EM - Module 1 - Intro and HVA Video

Summary

This presentation, led by Jennifer Harris, a doctorate student in public health, covers emergency preparedness and management for community health workers. It focuses on identifying local hazards, understanding social vulnerabilities, and exploring the four phases of emergency response: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The training also highlights the importance of crisis communication, the incident management system, and the all-hazards approach to disaster preparedness. Key modules include hazard vulnerability analysis, emergency management phases, and organizational structures, with a focus on preparedness strategies for community health workers to better assist their clients.

Takeaways

• 📍 Emergency preparedness involves understanding local hazards and social vulnerabilities before planning activities.
• 🌍 It's essential to identify hazards specific to geographic locations to accurately assess risks and prepare effectively.
• 👥 Social vulnerabilities within populations impact how different groups experience and respond to emergencies.
• 🔄 The four phases of emergency management include mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, each with distinct activities.
• 🔧 An all-hazards approach to preparedness ensures that community health workers (CHWs) can handle diverse emergencies.
• 📊 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) is a systematic method to identify potential risks that may impact communities.
• 🏢 The Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) combines local HVAs at state and federal levels to identify nationwide priorities.
• 🚨 Different hazards are categorized as natural, technical/accidental, and adversarial/human-caused, requiring varying preparedness plans.
• 🛠 Tools like the Kaiser Permanente HVA allow communities to quantify risks and prioritize preparedness based on probability and impact.
• 🗺️ Emergency management structures differ at county, regional, and state levels, requiring tailored response and communication strategies.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the training on emergency preparedness and management?

The main objective of the training is to educate community health workers on emergency preparedness and management, focusing on six specific objectives including hazard identification, understanding social vulnerabilities, and the phases of emergency response.

What are the six objectives of the emergency preparedness training?

The six objectives are: 1) Identifying hazards specific to geographic locations, 2) Describing social vulnerabilities in populations, 3) Explaining the differences between mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases, 4) Outlining disaster preparedness steps with an all-hazards approach, 5) Understanding the incident management system in the U.S., and 6) Understanding the importance of crisis and emergency risk communication.

What is a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) and why is it important?

An HVA is a systematic approach to identifying hazards or risks that are most likely to impact a community. It's important because it helps prioritize the risks that require attention and preparedness in specific geographical areas.

What are the three categories of hazards mentioned in the training?

The three categories of hazards are: 1) Natural hazards (e.g., droughts, earthquakes, severe storms), 2) Technical or accidental hazards (e.g., biological, chemical spills, transportation incidents), and 3) Adversarial or human-caused hazards (e.g., armed assaults, cyber-attacks).

What is the difference between HVA and THIRA?

HVA focuses on hazards and risks at the local or organizational level, while THIRA (Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) is a state-level process that aggregates HVAs to assess risks at a broader, national level.

How do different regions in Illinois assess hazards, and what variations exist?

Each of Illinois' seven Emergency Medical Service regions conducts an HVA. Different regions may prioritize hazards differently based on local risks. For example, some regions may rank active shooters as a higher priority, while others may focus on natural disasters like tornadoes or floods.

How does the Kaiser Permanente HVA tool work?

The Kaiser Permanente HVA tool assesses hazards by evaluating their probability, past alerts or activations, severity (human, property, business impact), and preparedness levels (internal and external response). It generates a relative threat score to help prioritize risks.

What are some key considerations for community health workers (CHWs) regarding emergency preparedness?

CHWs should consider what hazards can affect their community, the potential impacts on human life and property, and what resources and capabilities are needed to respond effectively, such as pre-planning, supplies, and mutual aid agreements.

How does the state of Illinois use HVA data for emergency preparedness?

The Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) collects HVAs from different regions and uses them to create a THIRA, assessing statewide risks and preparedness levels. The state uses this information to guide mitigation and preparedness efforts across counties.

Why is it important for CHWs to understand the social vulnerabilities of their communities?

Understanding social vulnerabilities is crucial because they can affect how different populations respond to hazards and emergencies. By recognizing these factors, CHWs can tailor preparedness and response efforts to meet the specific needs of vulnerable populations.

Outlines

00:00

📊 Introduction to Emergency Preparedness Training

Jennifer Harris, a doctorate student in public health, introduces a presentation on emergency preparedness and management targeted at community health workers. The training has six objectives: identifying local hazards, understanding social vulnerabilities, explaining disaster phases (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery), detailing the all-hazards approach, understanding the incident management system, and the importance of crisis communication. The curriculum consists of five modules, covering topics like hazard vulnerability analysis, social vulnerability indices, emergency management phases, organizational structure, and crisis risk communication.

05:01

🌪️ Types of Hazards and Vulnerabilities

This section categorizes hazards into natural, technical/accidental, and adversarial/human-caused. Examples for each category are provided, such as earthquakes and tornadoes for natural hazards, chemical spills and nuclear incidents for technical, and active shooter situations and cyber-attacks for adversarial. The discussion focuses on assessing specific threats to the community and determining their impact. A map of Illinois is introduced, showing the seven emergency medical service regions, where each region is responsible for a hazard vulnerability assessment, usually led by hospitals. The Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) uses these regional assessments to create a comprehensive state risk analysis.

10:02

🔍 Assessing Risks: Tools and Prioritization

Jennifer introduces the Hazard Vulnerability Assessment (HVA) tool developed by Kaiser Permanente, widely used in hospitals, public health, businesses, and schools. The tool helps assess probability, severity, and preparedness for specific threats such as active shooters. The severity of potential hazards is analyzed based on human, property, and business impact. Preparedness is also evaluated for internal and external responses. Illinois regions' HVA scores are compared, showing differing priorities across regions, which is acceptable given the different local conditions. Overall, the importance of accurately assessing and prioritizing risks is emphasized.

15:04

🗺️ Regional Risk Differences in Illinois

The Illinois Emergency Management Agency compiles natural hazard mitigation plans, ranking risks for counties based on factors like population. Differences between state and county risk assessments are presented, demonstrating variation in perceived risks (e.g., severe storms, floods) and the necessity for county-level hazard plans. The state map shows the status of mitigation plans, highlighting the difference between areas with updated plans, outdated plans, or none at all. The importance of having accurate and up-to-date mitigation plans in place is discussed, especially regarding regional and county-level preparedness.

20:05

👥 Key Considerations for Community Health Workers

Jennifer explains the significance of hazard vulnerability assessments for community health workers (CHWs). The key questions include identifying hazards, assessing their potential impact, and understanding community preparedness capabilities. Human safety is the top priority in emergencies, followed by property and economic impacts. CHWs need to consider the resources and mutual aid agreements necessary to support communities, including collaboration with nearby states if applicable. Understanding community risks and preparedness, as well as the individualized vulnerabilities of clients, are crucial to effectively aiding those in need.

📊 Summary of Hazard Vulnerability Assessments

The summary reiterates that an HVA is a systematic review of vulnerabilities and risks in a geographic area, combined with a review of mitigation efforts and past activation history. It highlights the importance of identifying areas for improvement in preparedness and training based on these assessments. The primary focus should always be on preserving human life and understanding how communities can better prepare for potential threats. Jennifer thanks the audience for their attention and indicates that the next module will cover social vulnerabilities.

Keywords

💡Emergency Preparedness

Emergency preparedness refers to the process of planning and organizing resources and procedures to ensure communities can respond effectively to various hazards. In the video, it emphasizes the importance of preparing for potential risks that could affect a community, whether natural, technical, or human-caused. Examples include steps like conducting hazard vulnerability analyses and establishing mutual aid agreements.

💡Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA)

HVA is a systematic approach to identifying and assessing the risks that may impact a specific geographic area or community. The video describes it as an essential first step in emergency preparedness, allowing communities to prioritize the hazards that pose the greatest threat. It can include natural, technical, or human-caused hazards like tornadoes, floods, or active shooter situations.

💡THIRA (Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment)

THIRA is a national-level assessment that consolidates local and state HVAs to provide a comprehensive understanding of the risks facing a region or the entire country. The video explains that it is built from the aggregation of local assessments to help prioritize the most significant threats at the federal level, ensuring coordinated emergency preparedness efforts.

💡Social Vulnerability

Social vulnerability refers to the specific social factors—such as poverty, age, disability, and housing conditions—that make certain populations more susceptible to harm in the event of a disaster. In the video, understanding social vulnerability is highlighted as crucial for tailoring emergency preparedness activities to protect these at-risk groups within a community.

💡Disaster Mitigation

Disaster mitigation involves actions taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from hazards. In the video, it is one of the four phases of emergency management, and it involves steps like reinforcing buildings in flood zones or conducting public education campaigns about disaster preparedness.

💡Incident Management System

The Incident Management System is a standardized approach to managing emergency responses across different agencies and jurisdictions. The video explains that understanding this system is critical for community health workers, as it ensures that everyone follows the same protocol during an emergency, promoting efficiency and coordination in response efforts.

💡All-Hazards Approach

The all-hazards approach refers to preparing for a wide range of potential hazards, rather than focusing on specific threats. In the video, this concept is emphasized in the context of disaster preparedness steps that community health workers can assist with. It encourages comprehensive planning that can address both natural and human-caused disasters.

💡Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC)

CERC involves the dissemination of timely, accurate, and relevant information during an emergency to help protect public health. The video introduces this concept as a critical component of emergency preparedness, highlighting the importance of effective communication to reduce panic and ensure that the public understands how to stay safe during a crisis.

💡Natural Hazards

Natural hazards are environmental phenomena that can cause harm to communities, such as tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and severe storms. The video uses examples from the state of Illinois to illustrate the types of natural hazards that communities may face and emphasizes the importance of assessing the likelihood and impact of these hazards through HVAs.

💡Mutual Aid Agreements

Mutual aid agreements are partnerships between jurisdictions or organizations to share resources during emergencies. In the video, these agreements are discussed in the context of emergency preparedness, especially for communities that might not have sufficient resources on their own. It suggests forming these agreements with neighboring counties or even states.

Highlights

Jennifer Harris introduces herself as a doctorate student in public health at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.

The presentation focuses on emergency preparedness and management, targeting community health workers.

Six specific objectives for the training are outlined, including identifying hazards and social vulnerabilities.

The importance of understanding the differences between disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery is emphasized.

Disaster preparedness steps according to an all-hazards approach are discussed.

The incident management system and its structure throughout the United States are explained.

The significance of crisis and emergency risk communication is highlighted.

The training is divided into five modules, starting with Hazard Vulnerability Analysis.

Social Vulnerability Indices for Illinois and its counties are covered in Module Two.

Module Three covers the four phases of Emergency Management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

Module Four discusses the organizational structure for Emergency Management in Illinois.

Module Five focuses on crisis and risk communication, also known as CIRC.

Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) is defined and its significance in community risk assessment is explained.

THIRA is introduced as a state-level roll-up of HVAs, focusing on the biggest threats and hazards.

Natural, technical, and adversarial hazards are categorized and examples are provided.

The Illinois Emergency Medical Service regions and their responsibility for HVAs are detailed.

A hazard vulnerability assessment tool developed by Kaiser Permanente is presented.

The process of ranking the probability, alerts/activations, severity, and preparedness for hazards is described.

The importance of regional differences in hazard prioritization within Illinois is discussed.

The Illinois natural Hazard mitigation plan and how counties rank in preparedness is reviewed.

The differences between state and county risk assessments are highlighted.

The implications of HVA for Community Health Workers (CHWs) are discussed, focusing on threats and hazards affecting communities.

The impact of threats and hazards on community, property, and economy is considered.

The necessity of community capabilities and preparedness based on hazard impacts is examined.

The summary emphasizes the systematic review of vulnerabilities, hazards, risks, mitigation, and preparedness.

Transcripts

hello my name is Jennifer Harris and I

am currently a doctorate and public

health student at the University of

Nebraska Medical Center and today's

presentation is going to be on emergency

preparedness and management

this training is intended for community

health workers and there are six

specific objectives to this training

that we're going to go through number

one is to identify hazards specific to

your geographic location number two is

to describe the social vulnerabilities

of the populations in your geographical

area and why these two things are

important to understand before getting

into emergency preparedness activities

number three will be to explain the

differences between disaster mitigation

preparedness response and Recovery these

are the four phases of Emergency

Response

excuse me emergency preparedness and

management and we will go through each

one of those

objective number four is to explain

disaster preparedness steps according to

an all hazards approach and what chws

can do to assist their clients with

these steps

number five is to understand the

incident management system and the

structure that goes along with it

throughout the United States and

objective number six is to understand

the importance of Crisis and emergency

risk communication

there are five modules to this training

and curriculum we were going to go

through each one separately the first

one is on Hazard vulnerability analysis

from around the state of Illinois and

what that means for our different

regions module number two we'll go over

social vulnerability indices for the

state of Illinois and the counties

within Illinois we will also touch on

the world Institute of disabilities

emergency planning toolkit

the third module is Emergency Management

phases the mitigation preparedness

response and Recovery

the fourth module we're going to go over

the organizational structure for

Emergency Management in Illinois and

module number five will cover that

crisis and risk communication or

otherwise referred to as Circ

so for module one we're going to Dive

Right In with Hazard vulnerability

analysis or referred to as HBA and

threat and Hazard identification and

risk assessment also referred to as

thyra

so this is really just taking a look at

our geographical areas that we reside or

our communities are in and taking a look

at what could be happening in the

environment that can pose a risk you can

see here we've got pictures of fire

tornado there's many that we're going to

get into discussing

the definitions of an hva or Hazard

vulnerability analysis can vary and

there's many of them out there so I have

just put two on the screen here one is

from U.S health and human services just

from this year 2023 and they Define it

as a systematic approach to identifying

hazards or risks that are most likely to

have an impact on the community

California Hospital Association has a

really good definition as well now even

though it's specific to hospital

environments where they're looking at a

hazard vulnerability analysis is a

process for identifying the hospital's

highest vulnerabilities to Nature and

man-made hazards and the direct and

indirect effect these hazards can have

on the hospital or the community

there is another item that we just

talked about called thyra thyra is at a

state level so they roll it up from the

hvas that maybe a hospital or a

community or an organization did the

state will collect and then at the

Nationwide Federal level they also

collect all of these Hazard

vulnerability assessments or analyzes

and they will put together what they

call a thyra so it's taking all that

information together and at a national

level taking a look at the risks that

have been identified and what is most

pertinent or what is the biggest

catastrophic threat and hazards that

need to be addressed in order for them

to be appropriately managed

so with all of that being said what

types of Hazards are we talking about

when we are looking at Hazard

vulnerability assessments they can be

broken down into three categories so you

see on here we have natural Technical

and accidental and adversarial or human

caused in the natural category we're

pretty familiar with a lot of these here

in the state of Illinois we've had

everything from droughts we do have

potential for earthquake being close to

the the fault line down near Southern

Illinois

we've experienced extreme heat floods

severe thunderstorms winter storms

erosion we've had all of these at one

time or another so we will go through

and talk a little bit more in a couple

of slides here about the state of

Illinois with those but those are some

examples of natural hazards some

examples of technical or accidental

hazards you can see list at the middle

column these can be anything from

biological food contamination chemical

spills Dam or Levy failures nuclear

power plants and you know that's a big

one for the state of Illinois given how

many nuclear power plants we do have

transportation incident so again this

column here gives some examples of

Technical and accidental and then in the

far right hand column we have

adversarial and human caused these are

anything from armed assaults active

shooter situations that the nation has

experienced recently cyber attacks the

plague

um smallpox the list goes on

um there's a lot of examples we could

give for each one of these categories

um you know in terms of natural I we

talked again in Illinois we have

everything depending on the season from

winter storms to tornadoes to droughts

so we go through those depending on what

part of Illinois we live in because we

do geographically span a wide range of

area we could experience all of those in

one region others are more likely to

experience it than others

and then when you get into the

adversarial and human cause there's a

lot of examples that fit into this

category and unfortunately with the

climate it the way it has been in recent

years there's a lot of examples that can

come to mind but you start to paint the

picture of what are the hazards for the

community in which we work and our

patients and clients live and what do we

need to be most cognizant of

on this next slide this is a map of the

state of Illinois so Illinois is broken

into seven Emergency Medical Service

regions and each one is a different

color here and each region is

responsible for completing one Hazard

vulnerability assessment per Emergency

Medical Service region so typically it's

a hospital that leads those efforts for

that entire region not always but

typically and they work together so that

community that region they all come

together and work on you know it's it's

a round table like a tabletop situation

where everybody sits down and talks

through what they think what are the

biggest hazards or risks for their

region we have 102 counties in the state

of Illinois

with 97 local Health departments so that

means that there are some local Health

departments that cover multiple counties

because another County may not have

their own so that is worth the

difference of five comes from between

102 counties and 97 Health departments

then the Illinois Emergency Management

agency referred to as Aima collects all

of that information and they will put

together the state of Illinois thyra

that threat and risk assessment that

they're taking a look at from a whole

perspective for the state of Illinois

so what are they doing when they take a

look at assessing these and when they're

starting to look at what's more at risk

or less at risk this is an example of a

hazard vulnerability assessment tool

Kaiser Permanente was a hospital out in

California hospital system they

developed this tool and it has been

widely used by not only those in

hospital or Health Care environments but

Public Health departments businesses

schools it's a very good tool and I

wanted to walk you through so you could

take a look and see how this actually

works so I'm going to go with um the

very beginning here the First Alert type

is an active shooter and so what they

will first look at is this category

right here for probability what is the

likelihood that this will occur in our

community you can look at recent Trends

you can look at crime rates you can look

at a lot of different things which is

why you'll have a multi-disciplinary

group getting together to fill this out

you will have everybody from local

Health departments police fire Emergency

Medical Services teachers not for

profits churches all the community gets

together in the best interest of doing a

very good Hazard vulnerability

assessment and they will rank the

probability of an active shooter in

their Community as either low a 1 up to

a three is high

now the alerts and the activations is a

very interesting piece that has been

added on in recent years

and the alerts and activations is how

many times has your community been put

on alert or actually had to activate

their plan for responding to an active

shooter situation so essentially the

more alerts or activations you have had

you have had more time to practice not

that it's a good thing that you've had

to activate these but if you're doing

alerts or activations it means your

community has had to at least Implement

at some point and test out their plans

then the severity so down here we're

looking at magnitude and mitigation and

so what they're looking at is the human

impact property impact and business

impact what is the possibility of death

or injury from an active shooter

situation and they have to score it

again low moderate High property impact

from an active shooter the physical

losses and damages need to be ranked and

then as well business impact so will

Interruption of services happen is it

likely moderate or high

then you go to the preparedness section

this green these green columns and you

look at how well prepared are they or

the community what is the internal

response and external response and so

again pre-planning are there plans in

place have the appropriate community

members come together to drill or to

work through plans again you score this

and everything comes together over here

in a mathematical equation comes up and

calculates the risk this is the relative

threat based on all of this information

we just went through for an active

shooter in this community and it will

give a relative threat of anywhere from

zero to one hundred percent

so for each type of Hazard type that we

talked about in the previous slides they

will go through here and they will

assess each of those items for each one

and at the end of it you will be able to

prioritize what risks had the highest

percentages and those are the ones that

need the most attention or should be

evaluated at the most

so when I took a look at Illinois's hvas

because there's multiple ones this is a

great example that I wanted to share

with you of how things ranked so you can

see on the left hand side of the screen

this is one example of a region and they

ranked active shooter as a number one

tornado is number two but what you can

see on the right hand side of the screen

is another region within the state of

Illinois actually it brings flood as

their primary concern but tornado was

still number two so for these two

regions you can see that tornadoes

ranked as number two priorities in both

regions but you can see their number one

priorities are slightly different that

is not a good or a bad thing it's

actually probably a very accurate

picture of whatever region this is but

what I wanted to point out was for the

most part even though the rank ordering

may be slightly different in the top

eight to ten here you will start to see

the tornadoes list on both of them

severe thunderstorms winter storms you

can start to see extreme heat extreme

cold you can see on the right hand side

they actually had multiple items that

all tied for being number eight priority

they all had the exact same risk

prioritization percentage and so when

you start to look at this you can get a

good idea of what are the top 10 hazards

for the state of Illinois these are all

of the items that the state then rolls

up and takes a look at and puts together

but I wanted you to see the difference

between the regions in the state and how

it can be a little bit variable which is

perfectly fine

and remember these regions have multiple

counties within them so even at the

county level and Regional level they may

differ slightly and that is perfectly

okay

this is another really good illustration

to continue along these lines this is an

example of the Illinois natural Hazard

mitigation plan from Aima the Illinois

Emergency Management agency they

actually took all this information on

natural hazards so you can see at the

top of the slide here severe storms

floods severe winter storms drought

extreme heat earthquake and tornado and

you can see for each County listed down

the far left to hand column the

population of that County and how they

were ranked in terms of being prepared

or having Hazard mitigation in place so

for severe storms Adams County was

ranked very high you can see for floods

medium but when you go across to Drought

or earthquake Adams County was actually

ranked low in terms of mitigation

efforts

this is just a quick I don't expect you

to be able to read this but going along

these lines Aima then takes that

information we just looked at and they

say how prepared are these counties with

mitigation plans in order to prepare for

those natural hazards green means that

they have plans in place

the orangish color means they have one

in place but it needs to be improved

upon or updated the white ones do not

have any plans and the light blue or

grayish ones were outdated as of this

map being made and need it to be updated

so you can see from the state level Aima

they get all of those scores together

and then they start looking at how well

prepared does everybody for those

certain types of Hazards

again this is a really good pictorial of

the difference between what the state

might categorize or risk assess

something versus the county and again

it's okay it just shows you the

difference that may be going on so I've

circled a couple here in red the very

top line you can see for Jefferson

County population just under 39

000. the state actually ranked them as

being at severe risk for severe storms

but the county said they were only at

high risk not severe

if you keep going across the state

indicated Jefferson County was at low

risk for floods but the county felt like

they were medium

so again as you take a look at this um

sometimes the risks are a little bit

different and there's probably good

justifications from both the state and

the county on why they would rank

something such as this but the most

important part is the mitigation or the

preparedness plans that then get put in

place

but this is all part of those Hazard

vulnerability assessments looking at

natural disasters man-made adversarial

and accidental so this is just giving

you a picture for the state of Illinois

on how the state rolls up all of the

county information

so what does all of this mean for chws I

know that was a lot of technical work to

explain and that you don't need to

remember all of it but these are the

most important questions

um from my perspective for community

health workers which is what threats and

Hazards can affect our community

think through those three topics natural

Technical and accidental and adversarial

and human caused what are the biggest

threats that we have or hazards that

could be going on in our communities

if they were to occur what impacts would

those threats and Hazards have on our

community the very first priority is

always on human life safety save lives

save limbs so what is their impact if

those threats were to happen on the

community property and economy always

comes secondary tertiary to that human

saved lives protect and preserve human

lives

but again what are they you know once

human lives the event is over what is

the damage to the community in terms of

housing structures utilities those are

all items that need to be taken into

consideration based on what the hazard

would be and then the third question

based on those impacts what capabilities

should our community have which means

how should we be prepared what resources

do we need are there extra supplies

particular supplies that we need to have

on hand do we need to have mutual Aid

agreements with sister counties or with

the state if you are a county that

borders on a state the state line is

there a state next to us so Indiana

Missouri that you may want to look to

for Mutual Aid agreements as well so

these are all the questions from a

community health worker perspective that

I think is important to think through

especially when we're working with our

patients and clients and we will get

into this a little bit in the next

module and social vulnerabilities

because that is very individualized and

can be different

um from household to household but you

have to understand

um the hva perspective and the actual

risks and hazards that are in our

communities and now we are going to move

on to talking about the individualized

and social vulnerabilities

and hopefully you will start to see how

all of this comes together

so in summary

hva or Hazard vulnerability analysis or

assessment is a systematic review of

vulnerabilities hazards and or risks to

a geographic region combined with what

level of mitigation or preparedness and

actual activation history has that

Community experienced are they familiar

with how to respond to some of these or

is it never happened before and they

hope it never happens but are they

prepared we also have to look at

assistant identifying areas for

improvement in preparedness and training

so what do we need more training and

preparedness on and then what resources

do we need based on all of that

information

so thank you for taking the time um to

listen to this module on Hazard

vulnerability as analysis and

assessments and module tool two will be

up next on social vulnerabilities thank

you