Hydrolysis of ATP

Summary

In this video, Seher from Easy Peasy explains ATP hydrolysis, where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) converts into ADP (adenosine diphosphate), releasing energy in an exergonic reaction. The video breaks down ATP’s structure, composed of a ribose sugar, adenine base, and three phosphate groups. Using water molecules, the hydrolysis process is initiated, resulting in the breakdown of ATP into ADP and an inorganic phosphate. The phosphate undergoes resonance stabilization, releasing free energy. The video also hints at the ionization process of ADP. Overall, it's an informative breakdown of ATP hydrolysis mechanics.

Takeaways

• 📘 ATP hydrolysis is the process of ATP converting into ADP, releasing energy and making the reaction exergonic.
• ⚛️ ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, consisting of a ribose sugar, adenine nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups.
• 🔗 ATP carries a -4 charge due to the negative charges on its oxygen atoms.
• 💧 Hydrolysis involves the use of water molecules to break down ATP into ADP.
• 🧬 Water molecules interact through hydrogen bonds, which help facilitate the reaction with ATP.
• 🔋 The lone pair of oxygen from water attacks the phosphate group of ATP, initiating the reaction.
• 🧪 Phosphate in ATP forms five bonds, and cannot handle a sixth bond, causing the bond breakage and release of a phosphate group.
• 📉 As a result, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate are formed.
• 🔄 ADP undergoes ionization, releasing a proton and leaving an inorganic phosphate group.
• ⚡ The inorganic phosphate group undergoes resonance stabilization, releasing free energy in the process.

Q & A

What is ATP hydrolysis?

ATP hydrolysis is the process where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is converted into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) by breaking one phosphate bond, releasing energy. This reaction is exergonic.

What is the significance of ATP being called ATP?

ATP is called adenosine triphosphate because it consists of an adenine nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

What charge is present on the oxygen atoms of ATP?

Each oxygen atom in ATP carries a negative charge, and collectively, ATP has a charge of negative 4.

What is the role of water molecules in ATP hydrolysis?

Water molecules participate in ATP hydrolysis by donating oxygen’s lone pairs to interact with hydrogen atoms and attack the phosphate group in ATP, facilitating the release of a phosphate.

How does oxygen interact with phosphate in ATP hydrolysis?

The oxygen from the water molecule uses its lone pair to attack the phosphate group in ATP, causing a bond break between phosphate and oxygen, which leads to the release of energy.

Why does the phosphate group in ATP become unstable during hydrolysis?

The phosphate group becomes unstable because it cannot handle a sixth bond created by the incoming oxygen from the water molecule, causing a bond to break.

What is the end result of ATP hydrolysis?

The end result of ATP hydrolysis is the formation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate), an inorganic phosphate, and the release of free energy.

What happens to the inorganic phosphate after ATP hydrolysis?

The inorganic phosphate undergoes resonance stabilization, where the hydrogen associated with oxygen relocates among the oxygen atoms, providing stability to the phosphate group.

What is ionization in the context of ATP hydrolysis?

Ionization refers to the release of a proton from the oxygen atom in the ADP molecule, contributing to the energy release during ATP hydrolysis.

Why is ATP hydrolysis considered an exergonic reaction?

ATP hydrolysis is considered an exergonic reaction because it releases free energy when the phosphate bond is broken.