Anatomi Systema Cardiovasculare : Sirkulasi fetus

Anatomi FK UNS

26 Mar 202106:21

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script discusses the fetal circulation system, focusing on the umbilical cord's connection to the fetus and mother. It explains the unique blood flow through the umbilical vein and arteries, including the role of the ductus venosus and foramen ovale. The script also highlights the changes that occur at birth, such as the closure of the foramen ovale and the transformation of the umbilical structures into ligaments, reflecting the shift from fetal to neonatal circulation.

Takeaways

🔴 The fetal blood circulation is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord.
🩸 The umbilical cord contains one vein and two arteries.
🌐 The vein, called the umbilical vein, carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.
🔄 The two arteries, known as the umbilical arteries, carry blood back to the placenta to be cleansed of metabolic waste.
📍 After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis.
💧 The umbilical vein passes through the abdominal wall and goes cranially to the liver.
🔄 The blood from the umbilical vein enters the inferior vena cava and then the right atrium of the heart.
🫀 The blood from the inferior vena cava has a low oxygen level, but the blood from the umbilical vein is highly oxygenated.
🚫 The foramen ovale allows the oxygen-rich blood to bypass the lungs and enter the left atrium.
🔄 The ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus are essential for fetal circulation but close after birth.
🌀 After birth, the circulatory system undergoes significant changes as the lungs expand and the umbilical structures close.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lecture?
-The main topic of the lecture is the circulation of fetal blood.
What is the connection between the fetal blood circulation and the mother?
-The fetal blood circulation is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord.
What does the umbilical cord contain?
-The umbilical cord contains one vein and two arteries.
What is the function of the umbilical vein?
-The umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.
What is the name of the vein that will become the ligamentum teres hepatis after birth?
-The vein that will become the ligamentum teres hepatis after birth is the umbilical vein.
What is the role of the two arteries in the umbilical cord?
-The two arteries carry blood back to the placenta to be cleansed of metabolic waste.
What is the term for the arteries that will become the ligamentum arteriosum after birth?
-The arteries that will become the ligamentum arteriosum after birth are called the umbilical arteries.
How does the umbilical vein navigate through the abdominal wall after birth?
-After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum venosum, which is a fibrous remnant.
What is the foramen ovale and its function in fetal circulation?
-The foramen ovale is a shunt that allows blood from the inferior vena cava to bypass the lungs and directly enter the left atrium.
What changes occur to the fetal circulation structures after birth?
-After birth, the umbilical vessels, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus close, and the foramen ovale also closes, leading to changes in blood circulation.
What is the role of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?
-The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What happens to the structures that facilitate fetal circulation at birth?
-At birth, the ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum, the foramen ovale closes to become the fossa ovalis, the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum, the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis, and the umbilical arteries become the ligamentum bingkai remedial.

Outlines

00:00

🩺 Fetal Circulation Explained

This paragraph discusses the circulation of blood in a fetus. It is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord, which contains one vein and two arteries. The vein, known as the umbilical vein, carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. After birth, this vein becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis. The two arteries, called the umbilical arteries, carry blood back to the placenta to be cleansed of metabolic waste. One of the arteries is mentioned to become the ligamentum arteriosum after birth. The umbilical vein passes through the abdominal wall and heads cranially towards the liver. It then goes through the ductus venosus, which becomes the ligamentum venosum after birth, and joins the inferior vena cava, entering the right atrium. The blood from the umbilical vein, rich in oxygen, mixes with the lower oxygen blood from the inferior vena cava. The foramen ovale, present in the right atrium, allows oxygen-rich blood to bypass the lungs and enter the left atrium. After birth, this foramen closes. The paragraph also explains the role of the ductus arteriosus, which connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs and go directly to the body. This ductus closes after birth.

05:01

🌟 Changes in Circulation After Birth

The second paragraph focuses on the changes that occur in the circulatory system at birth. With the development of the lungs and the increase in oxygen pressure, the umbilical cord constricts, leading to changes in circulation. The foramen ovale closes for the first and last time, and the ductus venosus closes within three days, becoming the ligamentum venosum. The changes include the ductus arteriosus becoming the ligamentum arteriosum, the foramen ovale closing to form the fossa ovalis, and the umbilical vein becoming the ligamentum teres hepatis. The ductus venosus also changes, and the umbilical arteries transform into ligamentum structures. These changes mark the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation refers to the unique blood flow pattern within the fetus while in the womb. It is distinct from adult circulation due to the presence of specialized structures that facilitate oxygen and nutrient transfer from the mother. In the video, this concept is central as it sets the stage for understanding the various blood vessels and their functions in the fetus.

💡Umbilical Cord

The umbilical cord is a vital structure connecting the fetus to the placenta, through which oxygen, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged. It contains one vein (Umbilical vein) and two arteries (Umbilical arteries). The video script mentions that the umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.

💡Umbilical Vein

The Umbilical vein is a blood vessel in the umbilical cord that carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. It is highlighted in the script as a key component of fetal circulation, emphasizing its role in delivering essential elements for fetal growth and development.

💡Umbilical Arteries

Umbilical arteries are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta, where it will be oxygenated and have its waste products removed. The script explains that there are two such arteries in the umbilical cord, which are crucial for maintaining the fetus's metabolic needs.

💡Ductus Venosus

The ductus venosus is a shunt in the fetal circulation that allows blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and directly enter the inferior vena cava. The script mentions that after birth, this structure closes and becomes the ligamentum venosum, illustrating how fetal structures adapt to postnatal life.

💡Foramen Ovale

The foramen ovale is a fetal heart structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by directing it from the right atrium to the left atrium. The video script describes how this opening is essential for fetal circulation, as the fetus does not use its lungs for respiration in utero. It closes after birth, as the lungs begin to function.

💡Ductus Arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus, allowing blood to bypass the non-functional lungs. The script explains that after birth, this ductus closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum, reflecting the shift from fetal to neonatal circulation.

💡Vena Cava

The vena cava, specifically the inferior vena cava, is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body back to the heart. The video script discusses how blood from the umbilical vein enters the inferior vena cava and is mixed with blood returning from the lower body, highlighting the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the fetal heart.

💡Atrium

The atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart that receives blood coming into the heart. The script describes how blood from the umbilical vein enters the right atrium and how the foramen ovale allows this blood to enter the left atrium, emphasizing the role of the atria in fetal circulation.

💡Valvula Venae Cavae

The valvula venae cavae is a valve that prevents backflow of blood in the vena cava. The video script mentions this valve in the context of directing the flow of oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein through the foramen ovale, showcasing the importance of valves in maintaining the proper direction of blood flow.

💡Arteria Umbilikalis

The arteria umbilikalis is one of the two umbilical arteries that carry waste products and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta. The script notes that after birth, these arteries become the ligamentum teres hepatis, indicating the significant changes that occur in the circulatory system postnatally.

Highlights

Introduction to fetal blood circulation study at FK UNS laboratory.

Fetal blood circulation is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord.

The umbilical cord contains one vein and two arteries.

The vein carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.

The vein is called the umbilical vein, which becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis after birth.

The two arteries carry blood back to the placenta for metabolic waste removal.

These arteries are called the umbilical arteries.

The umbilical vein passes through the abdominal wall and goes cranially.

The vein then passes through the ductus venosus, which becomes the ligamentum venosum after birth.

Blood from the umbilical vein enters the inferior vena cava and then the right atrium.

Blood from the inferior vena cava has a low oxygen level.

The foramen ovale allows oxygen-rich blood to bypass the lungs.

The foramen ovale closes after birth, becoming the fossa ovalis.

Blood from the superior vena cava mixes with blood from the inferior vena cava and is circulated throughout the body.

The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs and directly enter the aorta.

After birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Changes in fetal circulation after birth include the closure of the umbilical vessels and ducts.

The foramen ovale closes for the first and last time after birth.

The ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.

The umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis.

The umbilical arteries become the ligamentum bingkai remedial.

Summary of the changes in fetal blood circulation structures after birth.