Anatomi dan Fisiologi Sistem Sirkulasi Janin

Summary

In this educational video, Pascent Tandi Abang explains fetal circulation and its relation to the maternal bloodstream. The process starts with oxygen-rich blood from the placenta entering the fetus via the umbilical vein. It continues through several vital structures, such as the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale, before circulating throughout the fetal body. The video also covers key embryological structures that transform after birth, like the umbilical vein turning into the ligamentum teres and the ductus arteriosus becoming the ligamentum arteriosum. Several clinical conditions, such as patent foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, are discussed in detail, highlighting their potential impacts on fetal and postnatal health.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses fetal circulation and how oxygenated blood is transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta.
• 😀 The umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, resembling the pulmonary vein in adults.
• 😀 Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein, which then travels through the ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava.
• 😀 The right atrium receives mixed blood, combining oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which then flows through the foramen oval to the left atrium.
• 😀 The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, circulating it to the entire body, while some blood also goes to the lungs.
• 😀 Fetal circulation differs from postnatal circulation because the lungs are not yet functioning, and blood bypasses the lungs through the ductus arteriosus.
• 😀 After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres hepatis, and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
• 😀 The foramen oval closes after birth, leaving a remnant called the fossa ovalis.
• 😀 The ductus arteriosus closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum, completing the transition to postnatal circulation.
• 😀 Post-birth, the umbilical arteries become the medial umbilical ligament, a significant structural change in fetal circulation.
• 😀 Clinical conditions such as patent foramen ovale (PFO), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and coarctation of the aorta can result from improper closure of fetal circulatory structures.

Q & A

What is the main function of the umbilical vein in fetal circulation?

The umbilical vein is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. It is similar to the pulmonary veins in adults, as it transports oxygen-rich blood.

How does blood flow from the placenta to the fetus?

Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein, travels through the ductus venosus into the inferior vena cava, and then moves into the right atrium of the fetal heart.

What is the foramen ovale, and what role does it play in fetal circulation?

The foramen ovale is a hole between the right and left atrium in the fetal heart. It allows blood to bypass the lungs and flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.

What happens to the circulatory system after birth?

After birth, several fetal circulatory structures close off or become ligaments, including the umbilical vein (becoming the ligamentum teres), ductus venosus (becomes ligamentum venosum), and foramen ovale (becomes fossa ovalis).

What is the significance of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?

The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs, which are not yet functional in the fetus.

What is a patent foramen ovale (PFO), and how does it affect circulation?

A patent foramen ovale is a condition where the foramen ovale does not close after birth. It can lead to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, potentially causing health complications.

What is a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and how does it impact blood flow?

A patent ductus arteriosus is a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close. This causes blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to lung complications.

What is coarctation of the aorta, and how does it affect circulation?

Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, often due to improper closure of the ductus arteriosus. It causes high blood pressure in the upper body and low pressure in the lower body.

What is transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and what causes it?

Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital defect where the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched, leading to improper blood flow. This condition often requires surgery to correct.

How does pulmonary hypertension affect conditions like PDA or TGA?

Pulmonary hypertension can cause high pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which may lead to the reversal of blood flow, as seen in some cases of PDA or TGA. This can result in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.