Becoming Antiracist training with subtitles ( module 1b)
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the historical and ongoing racism in Canada, from slavery in New France to the Chinese Pacific Railway workers' exploitation, the Komagata Maru incident, the MS St. Louis liner's rejection, and the internment of Japanese Canadians during WWII. It also addresses contemporary racism in education, employment, goods and services, and health services, emphasizing the systemic barriers and discrimination faced by racialized groups.
Takeaways
- 📚 Canada's history includes significant instances of racial discrimination, which are crucial to understanding the country's present social dynamics.
- 🏆 Slavery was practiced in Canada from 1628 to 1834, with approximately 4,200 African slaves enduring inhumane conditions.
- 🛤️ Chinese workers were exploited in the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, facing hazardous conditions and low pay, contributing to the country's infrastructure.
- 🚢 The Komagata Maru incident in 1914 highlighted Canada's exclusionary immigration policies and the belief in a 'white-only' country.
- 🚢 The MS St. Louis in 1939 was a poignant example of Canada's refusal to provide refuge to Jewish passengers fleeing Nazi persecution.
- 🏠 During World War II, Japanese Canadians were unjustly interned, losing their homes and property due to racial prejudice.
- 💼 Racism is evident in Canada's immigration system, with historical policies like the Chinese Head Tax and exclusion of certain groups.
- 🏡 The residential school system, operational from 1886 to 1996, inflicted cultural erasure and abuse on Indigenous children.
- 🎓 Racism persists in academia, with racialized students facing systemic barriers and discrimination from peers and educators.
- 💼 The workplace in Canada shows racial disparities in wages and employment opportunities, with racialized individuals often experiencing unfair treatment.
- 🛍️ Access to goods and services is marred by racial discrimination, with racialized Canadians facing prejudice in various public interactions.
- 🏥 Racism in health services leads to disparities in care and health outcomes, affecting the well-being of racialized communities.
Q & A
What is one significant example of racism in Canadian history mentioned in the script?
-Slavery in Canada from 1628 to 1800 is mentioned as a significant example of racism in Canadian history, where French and English settlers enslaved blacks and natives.
How did the Chinese workers contribute to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway?
-Chinese workers were imported to Canada in the 1800s to build the Pacific Railway from eastern Canada to the west. They worked in dangerous and difficult conditions and were paid very little.
What was the Komagata Maru incident, and what does it reveal about the beliefs of the time?
-The Komagata Maru incident in 1914 involved a ship with South Asian passengers who were denied entry to Canada. It highlights the belief that Canada was an exclusively white country and that Indian people belonged to the British Empire.
What was the fate of the passengers on the MS St. Louis liner when they sought refuge in Canada in 1939?
-The Canadian government refused entry to the 963 Jewish passengers on the MS St. Louis liner in 1939, forcing them to return to Europe where 254 of them were later murdered in the Holocaust.
How did the Canadian government treat Japanese Canadians during World War II?
-During World War II, the Canadian government expelled approximately 8,000 Japanese Canadians from their homes and properties in western Canada, confining them to a park in Vancouver.
What is one example of racism in the Canadian immigration system mentioned in the script?
-A significant example is the imposition of a minimum $50 tax on Chinese immigrants from 1880 to 1923, which was intended to limit Chinese immigration to Canada.
What were the objectives of the residential schools established in Canada?
-The residential schools were established with the goal of acculturating and converting First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people to Catholicism and assimilating them into Eurocentric culture.
How did the residential schools impact the indigenous students?
-Indigenous students in residential schools were given new names, separated from their families, forbidden to speak their native language, and often subjected to poor education and living conditions, including physical and sexual abuse.
What is the current prevalence of racial discrimination in Canada according to the script?
-The script states that one in five Canadians report experiencing racial discrimination on a regular basis, which translates to over seven million people.
How does racism manifest in the workplace in Canada?
-Racism in the workplace is evident through systemic differences in wages and unemployment rates, as well as experiences of discrimination such as being perceived as less intelligent, receiving inappropriate comments, and harsher disciplinary measures.
What are some ways racism affects health services in Canada?
-Racism in health services can manifest through economic and social deprivation, exposure to hazardous living conditions, socially inflicted trauma, targeted marketing of harmful products, inadequate medical care, and ecosystem degradation.
Outlines
📚 Racism in Canadian History
This paragraph delves into the historical context of racism in Canada, emphasizing the importance of understanding this past to appreciate the ongoing effects of racial discrimination. It mentions that Canadian history taught in schools often overlooks the experiences of racialized people. The script provides several historical examples of racism: slavery in New France from 1628 to 1800, where French and English settlers enslaved blacks and natives; the exploitation of Chinese workers during the construction of the Pacific Railway from 1881 to 1884; the Komagata Maru incident in 1914, reflecting the exclusionary immigration policies and racial prejudices of the time; the MS St. Louis liner in 1939, where Jewish refugees were denied entry to Canada and many subsequently perished in the Holocaust; and the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. The paragraph also touches on the racist immigration policies and the residential schools system that aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.
🏢 Racism in Modern Canadian Society
The second paragraph discusses the persistence of racism in contemporary Canadian society, affecting various aspects of life including academia, the workplace, goods and services, and health services. It highlights systemic barriers faced by racialized students in educational settings, such as Eurocentric curricula, biased disciplinary measures, and a lack of representation among faculty. In the workplace, racialized individuals experience wage gaps and higher unemployment rates, and are often subjected to discriminatory behavior. The paragraph also notes that racial discrimination is prevalent in the provision of goods and services, with incidents reported in shops, restaurants, and public services. Lastly, it points out that racism in health services is manifested through health disparities, with racialized groups facing poorer health outcomes due to factors such as economic deprivation, hazardous living conditions, and inadequate medical care.
🏥 Racism in Healthcare and Environmental Impact
This paragraph focuses on the subtle and systemic ways racism affects health services and the environment. It discusses how economic and social deprivation can create systemic barriers for racialized individuals, particularly those living in poverty. The paragraph also addresses the impact of hazardous living conditions on Indigenous communities, such as inadequate sewage systems and the presence of toxic substances. It highlights the physiological effects of socially inflicted trauma due to racism, which can lead to various health problems. The targeted marketing of harmful products, such as junk food and alcohol, is also discussed as a factor contributing to health disparities. The paragraph further explores the issue of inadequate or degrading medical care provided to racialized individuals, including discrimination based on accent, language, culture, religion, and country of origin. Lastly, it touches on the degradation of ecosystems and the health impacts of uprooting Indigenous peoples and racialized immigrant groups from their traditional lands and economies.
🎶 Conclusion and Call to Action
The final paragraph serves as a conclusion, summarizing the discussion on racism in Canada's history and present-day society. It calls for awareness and action against racism, urging individuals to recognize and combat racial discrimination. The paragraph ends with a musical note, suggesting a transition to further discussion or action steps.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Racism
💡Intergenerational trauma
💡Slavery in Canada
💡Chinese Pacific Railway workers
💡Komagata Maru
💡MS Saint Louis liner
💡Japanese Canadians
💡Immigration system
💡Residential schools
💡Racial discrimination
💡Anti-racism
Highlights
Canada's history of racism includes intergenerational trauma and ongoing effects.
Canadian history taught in schools often emphasizes the European perspective.
Many are unaware of the history of racialized people in Canada.
Slavery in Canada existed from 1628 to 1800.
Chinese workers faced dangerous conditions building the Pacific Railway.
The Komagata Maru incident of 1914 highlighted racial beliefs of the time.
Jewish refugees on the MS Saint Louis were denied entry to Canada in 1939.
Japanese Canadians were imprisoned during World War II due to racist laws.
Racism in the Canadian immigration system has historical roots.
Residential schools aimed to assimilate Indigenous children and led to cultural loss.
Racism persists in modern Canada across various sectors of society.
One in five Canadians report experiencing racial discrimination regularly.
Racialized students face systemic barriers in the academic environment.
Racial discrimination is evident in Canadian employment with wage gaps.
Racialized individuals experience discrimination in goods and services.
Health services show racism through disparities and inadequate care.
Racism impacts health through economic deprivation and hazardous living conditions.
Targeted marketing of harmful products contributes to health disparities.
Racialized immigrants face discrimination in the provision of medical services.
Ecosystem degradation affects Indigenous peoples' health.
Transcripts
racism in canadian history
racial discrimination in canada canada
has a lot of racism in its history
knowing the history of racism in canada
allows us to
understand the intergenerational trauma
and ongoing effects of historical
and current racial discrimination
hey you need to understand the past to
get to the present
canadian history as taught in schools
emphasizes the european
perspective many people are not aware of
the history of racialized people in
canada
it would take me a long time to go
through all the incidences
so let me give you a few outstanding
examples
number one slavery in canada 1628
to 1800 in new france
french and english settlers enslaved
blacks and natives
when the loyalists took possession of
new friends in the 18th century
there were about 4 200 african slaves on
canadian territory
having no basic rights slaves worked
without pay
and in horrible conditions sometimes
being tortured
raped and even killed slavery was
abolished in 1834 by the british
parliament
number two chinese pacific railway
workers
1881-1884
in the 1800s 15 000 chinese workers were
imported
to enable the construction of a pacific
railway from eastern canada
to the west chinese workers worked in
dangerous and difficult conditions and
were paid very little
many of them died on the job it is
important to understand that this
railway was built on indigenous land
number three the komagata maru
1914 the komagada maru was a ship
owned by an indian man by the name of
gerdat
singh sirhali who despite strict
regulations on south asian immigration
was keen to facilitate the immigration
of financially stable punjabi men
the komagada meru incident highlights
two beliefs of the time
the first being that canada is an
exclusively white country
and the second being that the indian
people belong to the british empire
once the ship arrived at the port of
vancouver canadian authorities
refused to allow the vast majority of
the passengers
who were sikh hindu and muslim to even
disembark from
the boat the boat's passengers resisted
for a month
until the case of the komogata meru was
legally assessed
and the canadian court refused their
entry
as a result the ship had to turn back
once back in india an altercation broke
out when the british authorities refused
the passengers right
to leave freely about 20 of the
passengers were slaughtered and many
others were imprisoned
number four the ms saint louis liner
1939 at the dawn of the second world war
in 1939
963 jewish passengers on the ship's san
luis liner
sought refuge in canada after being
refused entry into cuba and the united
states
they were refused entry by the canadian
government
the ship had to return to europe where
the passengers were dispersed to various
european countries
unable to find refuge in canada 254 of
the passengers were murdered
in the holocaust number five
the imprisonment of japanese canadians
during the second world war
1941 to
as early as 1877 a number of racist laws
against the japanese population were
introduced in canada
such as prohibiting them from voting the
japanese attack on pearl harbor on
december 7
1941 during the second world war only
worsened these prejudices
in 1942 the canadian government through
new regulations
expelled approximately 8 000 japanese
canadians from their homes
and properties in western canada and
sold them
as a result the japanese residents were
all confined to a park
in vancouver a total of 21 000 japanese
canadians experienced
this fate number six racism in the
immigration system
there are many examples of racism in
canadian immigration policies
two examples are from 1880 to 1923
a minimum of 50 tax was imposed on any
member of the chinese population
wishing to immigrate to canada this tax
existed in order to limit the
immigration of chinese to canada
in 1919 new regulations prohibited
certain religious political and racial
groups from immigrating to canada
number seven residential schools 1886
to 1996. in 1880
the introduction of a new government
policy on education
which included the goal of religious
conversion led to the establishment of
several
residential schools across canada
residential schools were intended to
acculturate and convert first nations
inuit and metis people to catholicism
cultural assimilation took many forms in
the residential schools
the curriculum was not at all culturally
appropriate neither in terms of its
content
nor in the language in which it was
taught
indigenous residential school students
were given new names
they were separated from their families
sometimes for several years
and they were forbidden to speak their
native language even when writing
letters to their parents
overall the quality of education offered
in residential schools
was poor until 1950 half of a daily
school day was spent doing household
chores
living conditions in the boarding
schools resulted in several cases of
physical
and sexual abuse being reported due to
overcrowding and the quality of the food
the borders were much more vulnerable to
disease
in the end the community fought for a
long time to end the residential schools
in 1996 the last canadian residential
school closed their doors and the battle
was won
yes it took till 1996 which isn't that
far back
is it i wish i could tell you racism was
just a thing in the past
unfortunately it lives on today
racism today it is important to note
that the legacy which was created by the
racist history
of the past persists today
racism manifests itself in many
different spheres of society
in academia in the workplace in the
goods and services sector
and in health services among others a
report examining race relations in
canada
in 2019 states that one in five
canadians report
experiencing racial discrimination on a
regular basis
that's over seven million of us
number one academic environment in the
education system
racialized students face several
systemic barriers
related to discrimination at school
college and university racialized
students are also subject to racism by
other students
teachers and administrative educational
and support staff racial discrimination
in the academic environment manifests
itself in several areas such as
grouping by ability denial or
minimization of racially motivated
incidents
exposure to eurocentric monocultural
and exclusionary curricula bias in
testing and assessment
harsher or unfair disciplinary measures
lack of representation and diversity in
faculty
negative and stereotypical attitudes
towards racialized
students and the lack of programs which
meet the needs of racialized students
i could go on number two
work environment racism is also evident
in the canadian employment sector
at the systemic level marked differences
in wages and unemployment rates have
been identified among racialized people
compared to non-racialized people for
every canadian dollar earned by a white
man
racialized women earn 59 cents and
racialized men
earn 78 cents with this wage gap being
more pronounced
among black people compared to white
people
in addition racialized people although
more active in terms of job search than
non-racialized people
based an unemployment rate of 9.2
percent compared to 7.2 percent
among non-racialized people among
canadians reporting incidents of racial
discrimination
38 say they experience discrimination at
work
examples of racial discrimination in the
workplace include
being perceived as less intelligent than
other co-workers
assuming that a racialized person is
working in a position that is lower than
their actual position
being the constant target of
inappropriate comments or racial
taunting
and being disciplined more harshly than
non-racialized individuals
number three goods and services
in canada everyone has the legal right
to receive
goods and services and to use facilities
without
discrimination however among canadians
reporting
incidents of racial discrimination 28 of
these events took place in shops or
restaurants
19 when using public transport 16
when using public services and 12 when
interacting with the police
and the justice system looking at
racialized groups separately
black people and indigenous people
report more discriminatory treatment in
the use of goods
services and facilities examples of
discriminatory treatment in the receipt
of goods and services
include being followed in shops being
ignored in restaurants
being unfairly stopped by police or
receiving services
such as a bank loan but with more severe
conditions than non-racialized
individuals
number four health services in health
services
racism manifests itself mainly in subtle
and systemic ways
the impact is most evident in health
disparities among racialized groups
one researcher examining health
disparities in a social
political and economic contacts reveals
that racism
impacts health through the following six
mechanisms
economic and social deprivation health
services which are not as
readily available to people with low
incomes or in low-income areas
may create a systemic barrier for
racialized people
who because of historical disadvantages
are more likely to live in poverty
toxic substances and hazardous living
conditions
indigenous people in canada are among
those most affected by the effects of
toxic
substances and hazardous environmental
conditions
for example in january 2018 there were
approximately 137
drinking water advisories in indigenous
communities across
canada in addition sewage systems are
often inadequate in these communities
these unsafe environmental conditions
increase the risk of contracting
infectious diseases
socially inflicted trauma experiences of
racism are often experienced in a
traumatic manner
by affected individuals they produce
physiological responses that
significantly increase the risk of
cardiovascular
endocrine neurological
immunological and psychological health
problems in racialized individuals
targeted marketing of products which can
be harmful to health
harmful products including junk foods
and psychoactive substances
such as alcohol tobacco and other legal
and illegal drugs are marketed
throughout canada
targeted and biased marketing of junk
food has been associated with increased
consumption of these products linked to
several health problems
such as obesity and chronic diseases
like cardiovascular diseases
type 2 diabetes and certain cancers
[Music]
a study of which analyzed the content of
food and restaurant advertisements
aired during prime time on three major
television networks
ctv global and the cbc
revealed that these ads were tainted by
harmful stereotypes
overall white people were over
represented in food and restaurant ads
and were associated with nature and
healthy unprocessed food
in comparison black as well as east and
south asian people
were under-represented in food and
restaurant television ads overall
but were over represented in junk food
ads
inadequate or degrading medical care
racism manifests itself directly in the
provision of health care
notably racialized immigrants including
newcomers and refugees are particularly
affected by racial discrimination in
canadian health services
they report discrimination because of
their accent
language culture religion and country of
origin in the provision of medical
services
in addition a review of the literature
on racial discrimination in the
provision of health care in canada
reported that racialized people perceive
various types of negative experiences
in the health care system including
insensitive
hostile or ignorant treatment by
providers
as well as racial slurs stereotyping
and reception of substandard care
ecosystem degradation
this is especially but not only the
systemic alienation of indigenous
peoples from their lands and the
corresponding traditional economies
uprooting and migration have been
recognized as social detriments of
health by the world health organization
in canada indigenous populations as well
as many racialized immigrant groups
continue to experience the impacts of
exploitation
of their native lands linked to
colonialism and slavery
the consequences of uprooting include
the loss of their cultural identity
their traditions
their family structures and
relationships their collective autonomy
and their traditional economies these
factors with transgenerational effects
are associated with health disparities
amongst racialized groups
so there you have it now you know what
racism is
the history of racism in canada and some
of the ways
it exists today it's now time to learn
what you can do to recognize it
and ensure you're anti-racist
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