Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the monastic supremacy in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era, focusing on its political, religious, and economic impacts. It highlights the significant role of religious orders in governance and society, the exploitation of Filipinos through taxes and labor, and the resistance led by propagandists like Marcelo H. Del Pilar. The script also explores the economic control exerted by the church, including land acquisition and the establishment of government monopolies, ultimately painting a picture of the Filipino struggle for rights and justice.
Takeaways
- 😀 The Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in the 16th century with the arrival of Catholic missionaries and explorers, starting with Magellan's expedition in 1521.
- 🏛️ The term 'monastic supremacy' refers to the period when religious orders played a significant role in the political, religious, and economic aspects of the Philippines.
- 📜 Marcelo H. Del Pilar was a key figure in the reform movement, exposing the abuses of the Spanish friars through his writings, including 'La Soberana Monaco y Filipinas'.
- ✍️ Del Pilar, along with Jose Rizal and Rosario Lopez, were leading figures in the reform movement, advocating for change against Spanish rule.
- 🏛️ Religious orders such as the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects arrived in the Philippines between 1565 and 1606, influencing the administration of the country.
- 👥 The friars interfered in the Philippine government, controlling the status quo and acting as mediators between the people and the institution.
- 📜 The writings of propagandists like Del Pilar were crucial in documenting the crimes and abuses of the priors, providing insights into the monastic era.
- 🏦 Economically, the monastic orders were more powerful than the government, creating policies that extracted wealth from the Filipino people through various forms of taxation and control.
- 🏫 The Spanish colonial government established primary schools, but the monastic orders had more resources and built grand convents and palaces.
- 🌾 The monastic orders acquired land through various means, including purchase, royal requests, donations, and land grabbing, which contributed to their wealth and influence.
Q & A
When did the Spanish colonization of the Philippines begin?
-The Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in the early 16th century, with the arrival of Magellan's expedition in 1521.
What was the primary purpose of the Spanish explorers in the Philippines?
-The primary purpose of the Spanish explorers was to locate the spice islands for Spain, although the initial discovery was made during Magellan's expedition.
What is the significance of Marcelo H. Del Pilar in the context of the Philippines during the Spanish era?
-Marcelo H. Del Pilar was a Philippine revolutionary propagandist and satirist who actively campaigned against the abuses of the Spanish friars. He is known for his writings that exposed the crimes and abuses of the priors.
How did the monastic orders play a role in the administration of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?
-The monastic orders played a predominant role in the administration of the Philippines, maintaining complete control over secondary and higher education, and deeply implicating themselves in the exploitation of Filipinos.
What were the different monastic orders that arrived in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?
-The different monastic orders that arrived in the Philippines include the Augustinians in 1565, the Franciscans in 1578, the Jesuits in 1581, the Dominicans in 1587, and the Recollects in 1606.
What were the political aspects of monastic supremacy in the Philippines?
-The political aspects of monastic supremacy involved the interference of priors in the Philippine government, controlling the status quo of the country, and serving as a mediator between the people and the institution.
How did the Spanish friars influence the religious life of Filipinos during the colonial era?
-The Spanish friars were deeply involved in the religious life of Filipinos, conducting citizen censuses, conscription of eligible young men, and formalizing official documents, thus maintaining control over religious and social aspects of Filipino life.
What economic policies or practices were implemented by the monastic orders during their supremacy in the Philippines?
-The monastic orders implemented various economic policies such as tributes, bandala (forced sale of goods to the government at low prices), personal asset taxation, forced labor (polo), and government monopolies like the tobacco monopoly.
How did the monastic orders acquire land during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines?
-The monastic orders acquired land through various means including royal requests, donations and inheritance, buying lands, and land grabbing by expanding their property boundaries during new surveys.
What was the impact of monastic supremacy on the Filipino people during the Spanish colonial era?
-The impact of monastic supremacy on the Filipino people was significant, as they were treated unfairly, deprived of their rights, and subjected to various forms of exploitation and control by the Spanish friars.
Outlines
🏛️ Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines
The script introduces the topic of monastic supremacy in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It discusses the arrival of Catholic missionaries and explorers in the 16th century, starting with Magellan's expedition in 1521. The script outlines the political, religious, and economic aspects of monastic supremacy and sets a learning objective to define the church's role, discuss the impact on Filipino culture, and evaluate the country's progress during this era. It mentions the arrival of different religious orders such as the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects, highlighting their significant role in the administration and the start of monastic supremacy.
📜 Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Propagandist and Satirist
This section focuses on Marcelo H. Del Pilar, a Filipino revolutionary propagandist and satirist who actively campaigned against the abuses of Spanish friars. Del Pilar, along with other reformists, exposed the crimes and abuses of the priors through his writings. The script provides a brief biography of Del Pilar, including his education and his role as the founder of a newspaper and editor of a periodical. It also discusses his influential work 'La Soberana Monarca y Filipinas' and how it contributed to the understanding of the monastic era in the Philippines.
🤝 The Role of the Church in Society and Politics
The script delves into the political aspect of monastic supremacy, explaining how the friars interfered in the Philippine government and maintained control over the status quo. It discusses the role of parish priests as mediators between the people and the institution, and how the lack of unity between the people and the government was exploited by the monastic power. The script also mentions the use of 'Sedula Personal' as a form of taxation and a proof of being a colony of Spain and a member of a pueblo in the Philippines.
🛐 Religious Control and Economic Exploitation
This section covers the religious aspect of monastic supremacy, detailing how parish priests were responsible for various civic duties, including conducting censuses and formalizing official documents. The script highlights the economic aspect, discussing how the government was restrained from creating new revenue sources while the monastic orders dominated policies and invented costly forms of devotion. It also mentions different forms of taxation and policies like tributes, bandala, and polo, which were exploitative of the Filipino people.
🏭 Economic Domination and Land Acquisition
The final paragraph discusses the economic domination of the monastic orders, contrasting the government's lack of resources with the grand convents and palaces built by the monastic orders. It describes the various means by which the monastic orders acquired land, including royal requests, donations, inheritance, buying lands, and land grabbing. The script concludes by acknowledging the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule and the deprivation of their rights and justice, agreeing with Del Pilar's view that the friars used religion for personal gain.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Monastic Supremacy
💡Marcelo H. del Pilar
💡Spanish Colonial Era
💡Religious Orders
💡Political Aspect
💡Religious Aspect
💡Economic Aspect
💡La Solidaridad
💡Tributes and Taxes
💡Tobacco Monopoly
Highlights
The Spanish discovered and explored the Philippines in the 16th century, initiating the era of monastic supremacy.
Catholic missionaries and explorers arrived in the Philippines, beginning with Magellan's expedition in 1521.
Monastic supremacy in the Philippines is categorized into political, religious, and economic aspects.
Religious orders such as the Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects played a significant role in the administration of the Philippines.
Filipino writings in Spanish, like Marcelo H. Del Pilar's 'La Soberana Monaco y Filipinas', exposed the crimes and abuses of the priors.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar was a revolutionary propagandist and satirist who campaigned against the abuses of Spanish priors.
Del Pilar's newspaper, 'La Solidaridad', aimed to propagate democratic and liberal ideas among Filipinos.
Monastic supremacy was characterized by the service to God and the King of Spain, with friars maintaining control over secondary and higher education.
The priors interfered in the Philippine government, controlling the status quo and acting as mediators between the people and the institution.
The Spanish colonial government restrained from creating new sources of revenue to avoid burdening the Filipinos.
Monastic orders built grand convents and palaces, demonstrating their power and wealth compared to the government.
The government established primary schools, but the priors had more stable finances and could collect taxes more effectively.
Monastic orders acquired land through various means, including royal requests, donations, inheritance, and land grabbing.
Filipinos suffered under Spanish rule, being treated unfairly and deprived of their rights and justice.
Despite some contributions, the Spanish were criticized by propagandists like Del Pilar for using religion for personal gain.
Transcripts
good day
today we are about to discuss the
monastic supremacy in the philippines
by marcelo h del pilar
it has all started when the spaniards
had discovered and explored the
philippines it was early in the 16th
century when the catholic missionaries
and explorers from spain have arrived
here in the philippines it started with
the magellan's expedition
uh when they discovered at philippines
in 1521
and um
other
uh subsequent voyager
voyages
like willian lopos and luisa
were undertaken for commercial
not exactly for missionary purposes but
by the hope
of locating the spice islands for
spain
so here in the monastic supremacy here
in the philippines so
[Music]
we will be dealing with
its
political religious and economic aspect
but before we proceed into that so here
is our learning objective
uh for today first
we are about to define the roles of the
church
in the philippines
during the 18th century
second
we are about to discuss the filipino
cultures as a result of spanish
supremacy in the philippines and lastly
we are going to evaluate the country's
progress by formulating our own insights
um during the spanish
or
monastical supremacy in the
philippines so as i mentioned earlier
so this the monastic supremacy in the
philippines it has been divided into
three different aspects first is
political aspect
second is religious and third is
economic aspect
here is
the religious orders
the priors have started in working to
widen the leaves
so the first tour dive
in the country is the augustinians in
the year 1565 or the order of
uh augustine
second is the franciscans they arrived
1578 or
under the order of ordo pratrum minorum
the jesuits
jesuits arrives
1581 for the society of jesus
dominicans 1587 order of preachers and
lastly the recollects in 1606
order of augustinians and
regular
the religious play
a predominant role in the administration
of the philippines
thus it is the start of the monastic
supremacy
in the philippines
the battles against invaders and the
priests oppressors during the colonial
philippines were not only marked by the
revolts but were also manifested in the
writings of the filipinos
in spanish
the writings of the propagandists like
marcelo h de pilar in his work la
soberana monaco and filipinas which
crimes and
abuses of the priors and the injustice
done were
exposed so without this
write ups or right things uh from the
propagandists and saturdays marcelo each
of them are we will not know
what really happened
during the time of
the monastical era in the philippines
so let us examine
the life of marcelo h del filar marcelo
h del velar he was a philippine
revolutionary propagandist and satirist
he was born in kupang bulacan on august
18 15.
he is uh he actively campaigned against
the abuses of the friars
or abuses of the spanish priors in the
philippines
along with jose rizal and roshano lopez
haina they became known as the leading
likes of the reform movement in spain he
is commonly known for his spent name or
fan names
lara dell ceiling labuyo and dolores
marcelo h del philar he studied at
colegio de san juan
de san juan
and later at the university of santo
tomas where he finished his law course
in 1880
in the year 1882
mercedes del pilar founded the newspaper
zaryan tagalog
that was
aimed to propagate the democratic
liberal ideas among the farmers and
peasants
in the year
1888 he depended jose results
for lemmy writings against the priests
attack
so
in the year 1889
he succeeded graciano lopez heine as the
editor of the filipino reference
periodical
la solidaridad in madrid
now here is a picture of his book la
soberanya monaco el
filipinas it was written by
marcelo hilario
del pilar
so now let us move forward with the term
monastic supremacy
monastic supremacy
is equivalent into the service to god
and into the service of the king of
spain
the church
organization personnel and role in
society were all defined early in the
colonial era
during the spanish colonialization
the friars maintained complete control
of secondary and higher construction
as a result
they were deeply implicated in the
exploitation of filipino trans
firing
to the different transformative effects
in the lives of the filipino people in
different aspects maybe
in
political into religious and economic
aspects
they contribute so much
in those
aspects
so now let us
proceed with the political aspect
of
the monastical supremacy in the
philippines
the priors the priors
interfered in the in the philippine
government for a long time it was firmly
established
thus
without any difficulty they controlled
the status quo of the country in
defiance of
the nation and the institution
the moderating power of the parish
priests may be useful to society to
balance and harmonize the interests of
the people and the institution
so
the
monastical power or the protest priests
or even the police
is the mediator between the people and
the institution during that time
to brighten the government with the
rebelliousness of the country and
frighten the country with deportees of
the government so that was the
main function or main role of the
monastical power or the parish please
mercury in the country
the
lack of unity between people and
government is the foundation of monastic
wealth which must be postured by fueling
the first hatred and seconds
authoritarian
the best method to keep ruler rulers and
rule in permanent enmity
is to account for diversity of languages
among rulers and
good
here is an example
picture of sedula personally
a actually personal it is a form of
taxation used
during the spanish colonial era in the
philippines that serves as a proof
that
a particular person handling this per se
dollar persona is in the colony of spain
and a member of a certain pueblo in the
philippines
perpetuate that diversity to obstruct
education and to avoid that all costs
that people and government
came to understand one another
so now let us proceed into the religious
aspect of
the
monastical era or monastical supremacy
in the philippines
despite the philippines having a
government who are responsible for all
duties served
for the filipinos during the time of
performance
of their duties only depends on the
parish priests so that is why the
municipal
official depends on the parish priest
to conduct the citizens census of
presidents conscription of eligible
young men formalizing accounts and
official
documents
the importance of
the important requisite for everything
is the puree's signature so if your
document or paper has a signature of the
query that means that document is very
valid because
the
um government official or even the
municipal officials is relying only in
the future so that is why uh during that
era or during that time when you have
the signature curie
you are you you are having the most
important document
during that time because it is approved
by the curate or the parish priest the
guarantee of national integrity can be
in the priors and not in the church the
national integrity is at stake during
this period
and they were very authoritative so
since
the curate or the parish priest is more
superior than the municipal
official
there was a time that
the curator or the
parish priests were very authoritative
and came into power so that is why
national integrity is at least
at stake at the time
the decisive plan of the priors offers
advantages to monastic exploitation if
jio purdue says the future of the
philippines was well as the highest
interest of both countries
so let us proceed with the economic
aspect of the monastical power
in the philippines
the government restrained from creating
a new sources of revenue
so
it will not add any burden to the
filipinos anymore but
the priors the priests and bishops
therefore constituted
a solid powerful permanent
well-organized political force in the
islands which dominated
policies they have invented any forms
that is costly and
that will make the public
pay
unfortunately filipinos
are left
with no choice to pay against their will
the laws that regulates the foundation
and development of convents in the
philippines are undoubtedly based on the
belief of monastic life is unproductive
this is due to that
the spanish colonial era or government
in the philippines establish different
forms of
taxation or policies one of which is the
tributes so the tributes is
the indigenous family had to cultivate
food for the sustenance not for not
limited only for their family but for
the landlords as well
second the bandala
mandala requires the native farmers to
sell their goods to the government
so the native farmers were only allowed
to sold or to sell their goods only to
the government
at the at a lower price
settle a personal
asset of personnel is a form of taxation
that serves as a piece of paper which
was issued as a proof that one is a
colony of spain and a member of a pueblo
polo is herbisome this one is a force
labor
for 40 days that includes
uh
men from from ages 18 to 60 years old to
contact a
service
for the welfare or for the establishment
of different classes municipalities and
even the contents
as a project of the spanish colonial era
here in
the philippines
the establishment of government monopoly
in the establishment of government
monopoly so during the spanish colonial
time in the philippines
um
there was a tobacco monopoly
where filipinos construct only two plant
tobaccos
or the spanish
or this for the philippines to supply
its tobacco to the spa to the european
legion particularly in this in this in
the spain uh because there is a
demand so much high demand on the
tobacco
the philippines government lack of
resources to undertake
public courts
so
during the spanish colonial era at that
time the government is having a problem
because they are luck lacking on the
resources for them to be able to
undertake public works while the
monastic orders build grand and costly
convents and spacious palaces for the
residents
of regular curates so that is why how
monastic orders is
more powerful than
the government at that time
the government established primary
schools in each town
the government houses are made online
materials but
the priors creates has
has stable balances
the government finds a thousand thousand
obstacles in collects collecting taxes
from
the tax paying public
but the monastic order empty without the
difficult the first of the same public
in return for
uh heavenly
promises
so as a as
have mentioned earlier
the priors priests and bishops
constitution constituted a powerful
solid permanent and well organized
political force
and the islands that dominate the
policies they invented
many
or any reforms or any forms that is
costly
and will make public to pay in return of
heavenly promises
the government
worries about financial
needs but
the monastic treasurers
or has an overprobing with money
the government refrains creating new
resources of revenue while the priors
invent every day
new form of devotion some are very
costly and the public paying because
of fear of displacing the priors
the amortization of land is paid out to
agriculture
everywhere
experienced
economics
have shown the needs all
for this entailed or
this restrict property
one sources of income
of monastic orders is the tree in
religious object
so before we
we have this conclusion so during the
um
monastic
supremacy in the philippines
particularly in the economic aspect
there was a
repugnance that fundamentally
they have acquired this lands over time
by purchasing with unreasonable prices
eclipse eclipses
privileges at times outright
observation there are means
of acquisition like for instance royal
requests the royal requests
but briars suggested that the king grant
the same
states in the native villages to some
missionaries could become
self-supporting
second donation and inheritance a
donation to priors is gratitude for
their administrations
priests were prohibited from inheriting
property
from those they habitually
com
confess by order of the king
third uh buying of lands
buying a plants priors of what
lands from native using the money
obtained from the church
like for instance the fears trade and
from profits gained from the produce of
lands
with their prestige of power
the
pressured natives
into
to sell their
lands at the very low prices for close
and
for close of mortgages
natives la capital for extensive
cultivation so partnership was formed
between the farmers and priors for in
the priors for by the capital where the
farmers were on the fields prior began
to demand that their advanced advances
be regarded as loan
payable
at a time rate of interest the farmers
that run into debt
leading to work for close of lands
and lastly the land grabbing this is an
additional hectare plant outside the
original boundaries of prior's property
were grabbed were gobbled
up each time a new survey was conducted
priests claimed lands and had
them titled original native settlers
were now declared squatters
as a conclusion
our fellow filipinos have experienced
in the hands of the spaniards
they were treated unfair and
insufferable
yes the spaniards
uh they should be credited for few
things they contributed to our country
but it is still undeniable that
filipinos of that time
suffered a lot and have been deprived of
their own rights and justice
i will agree with the description of
marcelo hwlr of the priors
they are not servant of gods they use
religion
just to earn
that's the end of our session
uh today so please uh
reserve your questions for our
asynchronous meeting so thank you so
much for listening and have a good day
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