The Sci Guys: Science at Home - SE2 - EP11: Gay-Lussac's Law of Ideal Gases

Summary

In this S guys video, hosts Ryan and Adam explore Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that temperature and pressure of an ideal gas are directly proportional. They demonstrate this through an experiment involving candles, water, food coloring, and a beaker. As the candles burn, the air molecules' temperature increases, raising the pressure and causing the water level to rise. The experiment visually illustrates the law, showing how changes in temperature affect pressure in a closed system.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The video discusses Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that the temperature and pressure of an ideal gas are directly proportional.
• 🧪 The experiment involves using candles, a beaker, water, food coloring, and a butane lighter to demonstrate the law.
• 👔 Safety precautions are emphasized, including wearing protective gear and ensuring adult supervision when dealing with fire.
• 🔥 The candles' flames decrease as the air inside the beaker heats up, causing the water level to rise due to increased pressure.
• 🌡️ Gay-Lussac's Law applies to a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume in a closed system, where temperature and pressure are directly related.
• 🌌 Ideal gases, like oxygen and hydrogen, behave according to gas laws such as Gay-Lussac's, assuming particles are non-interacting and randomly moving.
• 🔑 The experiment shows that as the air molecules' temperature increases, so does the pressure, pushing the water level up.
• 🔄 The combustion of candles produces carbon dioxide and water vapor, which displace oxygen and lead to the candles' extinguishment.
• ♨️ After the candles are out, the air molecules cool, decreasing the pressure and causing the water level to rise to equalize the pressure.
• 📚 The video concludes by reinforcing the observable relationship between temperature and pressure in an ideal gas as described by Gay-Lussac's Law.

Q & A

What is the main concept discussed in the video?

The main concept discussed in the video is Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that the temperature and pressure of an ideal gas are directly proportional.

What equipment is needed for the experiment demonstrated in the video?

The equipment needed includes candles, a beaker or glass, water, a shallow dish, food coloring, and a butane lighter or matches.

Why is it important to wear an apron or lab coat during the experiment?

Wearing an apron or lab coat is important to protect from spills and splashes, and it's also a safety measure to prevent any hazards associated with fire.

How does the experiment demonstrate Gay-Lussac's Law?

The experiment demonstrates Gay-Lussac's Law by showing that as the temperature of the gas inside the beaker increases due to the burning candles, the pressure also increases, causing the water level to rise.

What happens to the candles when the beaker is placed over them?

The candles' flames get smaller and eventually extinguish as the oxygen in the beaker is consumed and the pressure increases due to the heat.

Why does the water level rise under the beaker after the candles are extinguished?

The water level rises because the pressure under the beaker decreases as the air molecules cool down and lose pressure, causing the water to be pulled up into the beaker to equalize the pressure.

What is an ideal gas according to the script?

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of randomly moving, non-interacting particles that follow the laws of gases such as Gay-Lussac's Law.

What happens to the air molecules in the beaker when the candles are lit?

The air molecules in the beaker get excited and try to spread further apart due to the increase in temperature from the burning candles.

What are the products of the combustion reaction that occurs when the candles burn?

The products of the combustion reaction are carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.

Why do the candles eventually go out in the experiment?

The candles go out because the oxygen in the beaker is consumed, and the increasing levels of carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by the combustion reduce the available oxygen needed for the candles to burn.

How does the experiment relate to the real-world behavior of gases?

The experiment relates to real-world behavior of gases by illustrating how gases behave under changes in temperature and pressure, which is a fundamental concept in understanding gas laws and their applications.

Outlines

00:00

🔥 Demonstrating Gay-Lussac's Law with a Candle Experiment

In this educational video segment, hosts Ryan and Adam (or possibly Adam and Teresa) introduce Gay-Lussac's Law, which describes the direct proportionality between temperature and pressure in an ideal gas. They conduct a simple experiment to illustrate this principle using candles, water, food coloring, and a beaker. The setup involves lighting candles in a shallow dish of water and then covering them with a beaker. As the candles burn, they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and water vapor, which increase the pressure under the beaker and cause the water level to rise. The experiment visually demonstrates the relationship between temperature increase (from the burning candles) and the corresponding pressure increase under the beaker. The hosts emphasize safety precautions, such as wearing protective gear and adult supervision when dealing with fire, and they explain the behavior of ideal gases and how real gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide approximate this behavior under normal conditions.

05:01

📢 Engaging with the Scientific Community

The second paragraph of the script encourages viewers to engage with the scientific community by sharing their own experiments on social media platforms like Facebook and Google+. It reminds viewers to seek parental permission before sharing any personal content online. The hosts express their curiosity about the outcomes of the experiments and invite viewers to interact with them through comments or direct messages on social media. This part of the script aims to foster a sense of community and continued learning beyond the video.

Keywords

💡Gay-Lussac's Law

Gay-Lussac's Law, also known as the Law of Gases, states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when the volume is held constant. In the context of the video, this law is demonstrated through an experiment where candles are placed under a beaker filled with air. As the candles burn, the temperature of the air inside the beaker increases, causing the pressure to rise and the water level to rise as well. This is a clear illustration of how temperature and pressure are directly related in an ideal gas.

💡Ideal Gas

An ideal gas is a theoretical construct that assumes gas particles have no volume and do not interact with each other except during perfectly elastic collisions. In the video, the behavior of real gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide is discussed in relation to ideal gas behavior. The experiment with the candles and beaker shows how these gases behave under the conditions of Gay-Lussac's Law, demonstrating the principles of an ideal gas in a practical scenario.

💡Temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In the video, the temperature of the gas inside the beaker is increased by the burning candles. As the temperature rises, the gas particles move faster, which is directly related to the increase in pressure according to Gay-Lussac's Law. The experiment visually demonstrates this relationship by showing the water level rise as the temperature inside the beaker increases.

💡Pressure

Pressure is the force exerted by a gas or liquid per unit area. In the context of the video, the pressure inside the beaker increases as the temperature of the gas rises due to the burning candles. This increase in pressure is what causes the water level to rise, as the gas molecules push against the water more forcefully. The video uses this phenomenon to illustrate the direct proportionality between temperature and pressure in an ideal gas.

💡Volume

Volume refers to the amount of space that a substance occupies. In the video, the volume of the gas inside the beaker is kept constant. This is an important condition for Gay-Lussac's Law, as the law states that temperature and pressure are directly proportional when volume is held constant. The beaker's fixed size ensures that the volume does not change, allowing the experiment to focus on the relationship between temperature and pressure.

💡Candles

Candles are used in the experiment as a source of heat to increase the temperature of the gas inside the beaker. As the candles burn, they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and water vapor, which contribute to the increase in pressure. The candles serve as a practical tool to demonstrate the effects of temperature on pressure in a controlled setting.

💡Beaker

The beaker in the video is used to contain the gas and observe the effects of temperature and pressure changes. It is placed over the burning candles, trapping the gas and preventing it from expanding. This setup allows the experiment to control the volume and observe the direct effect of temperature on pressure, as described by Gay-Lussac's Law.

💡Water Level

The water level in the video serves as an indicator of the pressure changes inside the beaker. As the temperature of the gas increases, the pressure rises, and the water level inside the beaker is pushed up. This visual demonstration helps to illustrate the concept of pressure and its relationship with temperature in an easy-to-understand way.

💡Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a gas produced by the burning of the candles in the experiment. It contributes to the increase in pressure inside the beaker as it is a product of the combustion reaction. The presence of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the beaker further illustrates the behavior of gases in a closed system and their impact on pressure.

💡Combustion

Combustion is the process of burning, where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. In the video, the candles undergo combustion, consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water vapor. This process is used to demonstrate how the temperature and pressure of a gas can change in a closed system, as described by Gay-Lussac's Law.

Highlights

Gay-Lussac's Law states that temperature and pressure of an ideal gas are directly proportional.

An increase in temperature leads to an increase in pressure, and vice versa.

The experiment requires candles, a beaker, water, a shallow dish, food coloring, and a butane lighter or matches.

Safety measures include wearing an apron or lab coat and ensuring adult supervision when dealing with fire.

The experiment involves placing candles in a dish of water and covering them with a beaker.

As the candles burn, the water level under the beaker rises due to the pressure increase.

Gay-Lussac's Law applies to a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume in a closed system.

Ideal gases, like oxygen and hydrogen, follow Gay-Lussac's Law under normal conditions.

The beaker filled with air molecules represents a closed system where volume is constant.

The energy from the flames raises the temperature of the air molecules, increasing pressure.

The increase in pressure under the beaker causes the water level to rise as the candles burn.

The combustion of candles produces carbon dioxide gas and water vapor, displacing oxygen.

The candles are extinguished as the oxygen level decreases and the pressure inside the beaker drops.

After the candles are out, the air molecules cool, reducing pressure and causing the water level to equalize.

The experiment demonstrates the direct proportionality between temperature and pressure in an ideal gas.

The relationship between temperature and pressure is known as Gay-Lussac's Law.

The video encourages viewers to share their own experiments on social media and to ask questions for further clarification.

Transcripts

today on S guys Gaya

[Music]

[Music]

AAW welcome to S guys I'm Ryan and I'm

Adam and today we're doing guax law of

Ideal gases you're not Adam you're

you're girl no I Madam I'm

confused gays a law states that the

temperature and pressure of an ideal gas

are directly proportional this means

that as the temperature increases the

pressure increases and vice versa the

equipment you're going to need for this

episode includes a couple of candles a

beaker or glass some water and a shallow

dish to hold it in some food coloring

and a butane lighter or

matches although we're not dealing with

anything particularly hazardous in this

episode it's always a good idea to wear

an apron or lab coat to protect from

spills and splashes as well as our

younger viewers always make sure to have

adult supervision anytime you're dealing

with fire so what we're going to do

first is fill our shallow dish with an

inch or two of

water and then we're just going to add

some food coloring to make it easier to

see the next step in our experiment is

to take your two candles place them in

the center of the water

and light them with a butane

lighter for the final step take your

Beaker or large glass and place it over

top of the

candles after a little while of having

our Beaker over our candles you'll

notice the candles Flames will get

smaller and smaller until they're

extinguished if you watch closely you'll

see that the water level underneath our

Beaker begins to rise as the candles

fade away the water level will continue

need to rise for a short time after the

candle has been fully extinguished

you'll notice that the water underneath

the beaker is much higher than the water

in the shallow dish let's look at this

experiment a little closer gac's law

states that when a fixed amount or mass

of an ideal gas is kept at a constant

volume and in a closed system then its

temperature and pressure are directly

proportional what this means is that

when a gas's temperature increases its

pressure increases or as its temperature

decreases its pressure decreases as we

mentioned in our last last episode an

ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed

of a set of randomly moving

non-interacting particles under normal

conditions many Gases such as oxygen

hydrogen and some heavier gases like

carbon dioxide will behave like an ideal

gas this means they follow the laws of

Gases such as galac law in our

experiment our Beaker is filled with

gaseous air molecules the energy from

our Flames transfers to the air

molecules exciting them by raising their

temperature when the air molecules in

our beer are excited they try and spread

further apart but because our Beaker

won't expand like a balloon the volume

of space our air molecules can take up

is limited as they try and expand in

volume the air molecules press harder

and harder against the walls of our

Beaker and the water at its base this

increase in air pressure under our

Beaker causes the water level under it

to be pushed lower than the water level

outside of it the higher the temperature

or the more energy the air molecules get

the more pressure will be created under

our Beaker as the candle Flames burn

they use some of the oxygen contained in

the beaker for combustion the products

of this reaction are carbon dioxide gas

and water vapor as more and more hot

carbon dioxide gases and water vapor are

produced they fill up the top of our

Beaker forcing the oxygen in our Beaker

that the candles need to burn lower and

lower until the candles are extinguished

once the flame is extinguished the air

molecules under our Beaker begin to cool

off dropping in temperature and losing

their excitement this causes the amount

of pressure our air molecules are

exerting on the sides of our Beaker and

the water at its base to drop as the

pressure drops the air under our Beaker

wants to be equal to the pressure

outside of our Beaker this need for

balance causes a pull on the sides of

the beaker and the water at its base

because it's much easier to pull water

into our Beaker than it is to collapse

the sides of our Beaker the water in our

shallow container is pulled into our

Beaker raising the water level under the

beaker equalizing its pressure by

changing the temperature under our

Beaker we can clearly see the directly

proportional relationship between the

temperature and pressure of an ideal gas

this relationship is known as Galax law

that's it for Gaya ax law ideal gases

thanks for watching if you enjoyed this

episode let us know in the comments

below and subscribe for future episodes

and be sure to like us on Facebook and

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questions related to this episode or

about signs in general let us know in

the comments below or message us on

Facebook and we'll try to help you out

as best possible thanks for watching bye

bye you're not Adam you're Teresa you

can't fool me good job you got it here

at SAU we're always curious how

experiments turn out so if you do these

experiments at home share a video or

photo of them with us on our Facebook or

Google+ Page but remember to always ask

your parents permission before you share

any photos or videos