The Srivijaya Empire
Summary
TLDRThe Kingdom of Srivijaya, based on Sumatra, was a prosperous maritime trading empire from the 7th to 11th centuries CE. It controlled the strategic Straits of Malacca, amassing wealth from transit taxes on luxury goods like spices and silk. With its capital near modern-day Palembang, Srivijaya expanded its domain significantly, becoming a significant center of Buddhist learning. Despite repelling invasions, it eventually declined due to foreign attacks and the rise of Islam, disappearing by the 15th century.
Takeaways
- 🌊 The Kingdom of Srivijaya was a prosperous maritime trading empire based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
- 🏰 Archaeological evidence suggests Srivijaya may have started as early as 200 CE and was a political entity by 500 CE.
- 🛣️ The kingdom controlled the strategic Sunda Straits, which facilitated the flow of luxury goods like spices, silk, and jewels.
- 💰 Srivijaya's wealth came from transit taxes on trade goods, which allowed it to extend its domain significantly.
- 📜 The first historical mention of Srivijaya comes from a Chinese Buddhist monk's memoir, who visited in 671 CE.
- 🗺️ By the 8th century, Srivijaya expanded its influence to Java and the Malay Peninsula, controlling key trade routes.
- 🏛️ The kingdom supported a vibrant Buddhist community and was a center for Buddhist learning, influencing nearby kingdoms.
- 🔥 Srivijaya faced attacks from foreign powers like the Chola Empire, which weakened it over time.
- 🌍 By the 13th century, Srivijaya was still considered a wealthy and powerful state, with multiple colonies or tributary states.
- ⏳ The kingdom's decline was hastened by the rise of Islam among its population, introduced by the very traders who had enriched it.
- 🗝️ By 1400, Srivijaya had been completely erased from the map, marking the end of a once-great maritime empire.
Q & A
What was the Kingdom of Srivijaya known for in the context of maritime trading empires?
-The Kingdom of Srivijaya was known for being one of the wealthiest and most splendid maritime trading empires, controlling the trade routes in the Indian Ocean and accumulating considerable wealth.
When is the Kingdom of Srivijaya believed to have started forming?
-Archaeological evidence suggests that the Kingdom of Srivijaya may have begun to coalesce as early as 200 CE and likely was an organized political entity by the year 500.
Where was the capital of the Kingdom of Srivijaya located?
-The capital of Srivijaya was near what is now Palembang, Indonesia.
What luxury items were traded through the Kingdom of Srivijaya's controlled straits?
-The kingdom controlled the straits through which passed luxury items such as spices, tortoiseshell, silk, jewels, camphor, and tropical woods.
How did the Kings of Srivijaya use the wealth they gained from transit taxes?
-The Kings of Srivijaya used the wealth gained from transit taxes to extend their domain as far north as what is now Thailand and Cambodia and as far east as Borneo.
Which Chinese Buddhist monk's memoir is the first historical source that mentions Srivijaya?
-The first historical source that mentions Srivijaya is the memoir of the Chinese Buddhist monk I-Tsing, who visited the kingdom for six months in 671 CE.
What does the Cadukone Bukit inscription tell us about the founding of Srivijaya?
-The Cadukone Bukit inscription tells the story of the Punta Yang Sri Jayanasa who founded Srivijaya with the help of 20,000 troops.
How did Srivijaya expand its influence in the 8th century?
-In the 8th century, Srivijaya expanded into Java and the Malay Peninsula, giving it control over the Malacca Straits and the ability to charge tolls on the Indian Ocean Maritime silk routes.
What was the significance of the Srivajayan capital as a center of Buddhist learning?
-The Srivajayan capital became an important center of Buddhist learning and thought, with influence extending to smaller kingdoms within Srivijaya's sphere, such as the Saliendra kings of Central Java.
What was the impact of the Chola Empire's attack on Srivijaya in 1025?
-The attack by the Chola Empire in 1025 was the first of a series of raids that lasted at least 20 years, weakening Srivijaya, which managed to fend off the invasion but was significantly weakened by the effort.
How did the Kingdom of Srivijaya eventually fall?
-Srivijaya was eventually conquered by the Singasari Kingdom by 1288 and was completely erased from the map by the year 1400, partly due to the conversion of the majority of Sumatran and Javanese to Islam introduced by Indian Ocean traders.
Outlines
🌊 The Rise and Prosperity of the Srivijaya Maritime Empire
The Srivijaya kingdom, based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, was a significant maritime trading empire that flourished between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. It controlled the strategic Sunda Straits, which facilitated the flow of luxury goods such as spices, silk, and jewels between China and India. The kingdom's wealth was derived from transit taxes on these goods, allowing it to expand its domain significantly. The first historical mention of Srivijaya comes from a Chinese Buddhist monk, Yijing, who visited in 671 CE, describing a prosperous and well-organized society. The kingdom's capital was near modern-day Palembang, Indonesia, and it extended its influence to areas as far north as Thailand and Cambodia and as far east as the Philippines. Srivijaya was also a center of Buddhist learning, with its influence reaching out to smaller kingdoms like the Saliendra dynasty of Central Java, which constructed the magnificent Borobudur.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Maritime trading empires
💡Srivijaya
💡Sumatra
💡Indian Ocean trade
💡Kimalaka Straits
💡Buddhist monk I'd sing
💡Old Malay inscriptions
💡Giant kings
💡Buddhist learning
💡Chola Empire
💡Marco Polo
💡Islam
Highlights
The Kingdom of Srivijaya was one of the wealthiest and most splendid maritime trading empires in history.
Early records are scarce, but archaeological evidence suggests the kingdom may have begun as early as 200 CE.
By 500 CE, Srivijaya was likely an organized political entity.
Its capital was near present-day Palembang, Indonesia.
Srivijaya prospered from the rich Indian Ocean trade for at least 400 years between the 7th and 11th centuries CE.
The kingdom controlled the strategic Sunda Straits, facilitating the passage of luxury goods.
The kings of Srivijaya used wealth from transit taxes to extend their domain significantly.
The first historical source mentioning Srivijaya is a memoir by a Chinese Buddhist monk who visited in 671 CE.
Old Malay inscriptions from the Palembang area, dating back to 682, also mention the Srivijayan kingdom.
The Cadukone Bukit inscription tells the story of King Punta Yang Sri Jayanasa, who founded Srivijaya.
King Jayanasa expanded Srivijaya by conquering local kingdoms, such as Malay in 684.
By the 8th century, Srivijaya had control over the Malacca Straits, a crucial choke point for maritime trade.
The wealth of Srivijaya supported a large community of Buddhist monks and made its capital a center of Buddhist learning.
The influence of Srivijaya extended to smaller kingdoms, such as the Saliendra kings of Central Java, who built Borobudur.
Srivijaya faced attacks from foreign powers and pirates, including a series of raids by the Chola Empire starting in 1025.
Despite being weakened by the Chola invasion, Srivijaya remained a significant power until the 13th century.
By 1288, Srivijaya was conquered by the Singasari Kingdom.
Marco Polo visited Srivijaya in 1291-92, describing it as the richest and strongest state in Western Indonesia.
The kingdom was eventually erased from the map by 1400, partly due to the conversion to Islam.
Transcripts
among the great Maritime trading empires
of History the kingdom of srivijaya
based on the Indonesian island of
Sumatra ranks among the wealthiest and
most splendid
early records from the area are scarce
archaeological evidence suggests that
the kingdom may have begun to coalesce
as early as 200 CE and likely was an
organized political entity by the year
500.
its capital was near what is now
palumbang Indonesia
we know for certain that for at least
400 years between the 7th and 11th
century CE the kingdom of srivajaya
prospered from the rich Indian Ocean
trade
srivijaya controlled the kimalaka
Straits between the Malay Peninsula and
the islands of Indonesia through which
passed all sorts of luxury items such as
spices tortoiseshell silk Jewels camphor
and tropical Woods
the kings of srivijaya used their wealth
gained from transit taxes on these Goods
to extend their domain as far north as
what is Now Thailand and Cambodia on the
Southeast Asian mainland and as far east
as Borneo
first historical source that mentions
srivajaya is the Memoir of a Chinese
Buddhist monk I'd sing Who visited the
kingdom for six months in 671 CE he
describes a rich and well-organized
society which presumably had been in
existence for some time
a number of inscriptions in Old Malay
from the palumbang area which is dated
from as early as 682 also mentioned the
srivajain kingdom
the earliest of these inscriptions the
cadukone bukid inscription tells the
story of the Punta Yang SRI jayanasa who
founded srivajaya with the help of 20
000 troops
King giantsa went on to conquer other
local kingdoms such as Malay which fell
in 684 incorporating them into his
growing srivajyan Empire
with its base on Sumatra firmly
established in the 8th Century srivajaya
expanded into Java and the Malay
Peninsula giving it control over the
Malacca Straits and the ability to
charge tolls on the Indian Ocean
Maritime silk routes as a choke point
between the wealthy empires of China and
India srivajaya was able to accumulate
considerable riches and further Land by
the 12th century its reach extended as
far east as the Philippines the wealth
of srivijaya supported an extensive
community of Buddhist monks who had
contacts with their co-religionists in
Sri Lanka and the India mainland
the srivajayan capital became an
important center of Buddhist learning
and thought this influence extended to
smaller kingdoms within srivajias orbit
as well such as the saliendra kings of
Central Java who ordered the
construction of borobudur won the
largest and most magnificent examples of
Buddhist Monumental building in the
world
trivagaya presented a tempting Target
for foreign powers and for pirates in
1025 regendra Chola of the Chola Empire
based in Southern India attacked some of
the srivichand Kingdom's key ports in
the first of a series of raids that
would last at least 20 years
srivijaya managed to fend off the Chola
Invasion after two decades but it was
weakened by the effort
as late as 1225 Chinese author chojukwa
described srivajaya as the richest and
strongest state in Western Indonesia
with 15 colonies or tributary States
under its control
by 1288 however srivijaya was conquered
by the singasari Kingdom at this
tumultuous time in 1291-92 the famous
Italian traveler Marco Polo stopped in
srivijaya on his way back from Yuan
China
despite several attempts by fugitive
princes to revive srivajaya over the
next Century however the kingdom was
completely erased from the map by the
year 1400. one decisive factor in the
fall of srivajaya was the conversion of
the majority of Sumatran and Javanese to
Islam introduced by the very Indian
Ocean traders who had long provided
srivijaya's wealth
[Music]
thank you
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
MATATAG_AP7_Q1_W7_Part2_ Mga Sinaunang Kabihasnan sa Pangkapuluang Timog Silangang Asya
KELAS X - KERAJAAN SRIWIJAYA ( Sejarah )
Pala Empire
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: SRIVIJAYA EMPIRE
Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, & Trans-Saharan Routes [AP World History Review]—Unit 2 Topics 1, 3, 4
Kingdom of Majapahit - An Empire of Water - Part 1 - Extra History
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)